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António Ramalho Eanes

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In this Portuguese name, the first or maternal family name is Ramalho and the second or paternal family name is Eanes.
António Ramalho Eanes
Ramalho Eanes in 1983
16th President of Portugal
In office
14 July 1976 – 9 March 1986
Prime MinisterMário Soares
Alfredo Nobre da Costa
Carlos Mota Pinto
Maria de Lurdes Pintasilgo
Francisco Sá Carneiro
Francisco Pinto Balsemão
Aníbal Cavaco Silva
Preceded byFrancisco da Costa Gomes
Succeeded byMário Soares
President of the Democratic Renewal Party
In office
19 August 1986 – 5 August 1987[1]
Vice PresidentHermínio Martinho
Preceded byHermínio Martinho
Succeeded byHermínio Martinho
President of the Revolutionary Council
In office
14 July 1976 – 30 September 1982
Preceded byFrancisco da Costa Gomes
Succeeded byOffice abolished
Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff
In office
14 July 1976 – 16 February 1981
Preceded byFrancisco da Costa Gomes
Succeeded byNuno de Melo Egídio
Chief of the Army General Staff
In office
6 December 1975 – 14 July 1976
Preceded byCarlos Soares Fabião
Succeeded byVasco Rocha Vieira
Chair of Radio and Television of Portugal
In office
28 October 1974 – 11 March 1975
Preceded byCasimiro Gomes
Succeeded byJoão António de Figueiredo
Member of the Assembly of the Republic
In office
13 August 1987 – 3 November 1991[2][3]
ConstituencyLisbon
Personal details
Born
António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes

(1935-01-25) 25 January 1935 (age 89)
Alcains, Castelo Branco, Portugal
Political partyIndependent (1974–1986; 1991–present)
Other political
affiliations		Democratic Renewal Party (1986–1991)
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1970)​
Children2
Alma materMilitary Academy
Signature
Military service
Allegiance Portugal
Branch/service Portuguese Army
Years of service1952–1986
RankGeneral
Battles/warsPortuguese Colonial War

António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes (pronounced [ɐ̃ˈtɔnju ʁɐˈmaʎu iˈɐnɨʃ]; born 25 January 1935) is a Portuguese general and politician who was the 16th president of Portugal from 1976 to 1986.

Background

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Born at Alcains, Castelo Branco, he is the son of Manuel dos Santos Eanes, a general contractor, and Maria do Rosário Ramalho.[4]

Political career

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António Ramalho Eanes (left), while president, departs after a state visit to the United States. Secretary of State George Shultz is on the right. (USAF)

After a long military career in the Portuguese Colonial Wars, Eanes was stationed in Portuguese Angola when the 25 April revolution of 1974 took place. He joined the Movimento das Forças Armadas (MFA or Armed Forces Movement) and after returning to Portugal was made president of RTP (Portuguese public television). He ordered the military operations against the pro-communist radical faction of the MFA on 25 November 1975, an event known as the 25 de Novembro, ending that year's "hot summer" (Verão quente).[4][5][6]

In 1976 he was elected President of Portugal. At the end of 1980 he was re-elected, serving until March 1986. After his presidency, he headed the Democratic Renewal Party (Portuguese: Partido Renovador Democrático), and continued to support the Social Democratic Party (PSD) minority government until 1987. He resigned in 1987 after being defeated by PSD in the legislative election.[4][7]

He is a member of the Portuguese Council of State, as a former elected president of Portugal.

He rejected any suggestion of becoming a Marshal, considering the title unnecessary.

Honours

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National

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Foreign

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Family

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He married at the Palace of Queluz on 28 October 1970 to Maria Manuela Duarte Neto Portugal (b. 29 December 1938), who was one of Portugal's most politically active First Ladies. They had two sons, Manuel António (b. 5 May 1972) and Miguel (b. 20 October 1977).

Electoral history

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Presidential election, 1976

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Main article: 1976 Portuguese presidential election
Ballot: 27 June 1976
Candidate Votes %
António Ramalho Eanes 2,967,137 61.6
Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho 792,760 16.5
José Pinheiro de Azevedo 692,147 14.4
Octávio Pato 365,586 7.6
Blank/Invalid ballots 63,495 –
Turnout 4,881,125 75.47
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[10]

Presidential election, 1980

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Main article: 1980 Portuguese presidential election
Ballot: 7 December 1980
Candidate Votes %
António Ramalho Eanes 3,262,520 56.4
António Soares Carneiro 2,325,481 40.2
Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho 85,896 1.5
Carlos Galvão de Melo 48,468 0.8
António Pires Veloso 45,132 0.8
António Aires Rodrigues 12,745 0.2
Blank/Invalid ballots 60,090 –
Turnout 5,840,332 84.39
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[11]

PRD leadership election, 1986

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Ballot: 29 April 1986
Candidate Votes %
António Ramalho Eanes Voice vote
Turnout 100.0
Source: Results[12]

Legislative election, 1987

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Main article: 1987 Portuguese legislative election
Ballot: 19 July 1987
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
PSD Aníbal Cavaco Silva 2,850,784 50.2 148 +60
PS Vítor Constâncio 1,262,506 22.2 60 +3
CDU Álvaro Cunhal 689,137 12.1 31 –7
PRD António Ramalho Eanes 278,561 4.9 7 –38
CDS Adriano Moreira 251,987 4.4 4 –18
Other parties 219,715 3.9 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 123,668 2.2 – –
Turnout 5,676,358 71.57 250 ±0
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[13]

Notes

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References

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  1. ^ "António Ramalho Eanes". Presidência da República Portuguesa (in European Portuguese). Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  2. ^ "Ramalho Eanes (Biografia), Assembleia da República". Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  3. ^ "As legislaturas da Assembleia da República". Archived from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  4. ^ a b c "MPR - António Ramalho Eanes". museu.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 5 August 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  5. ^ "O caminho imperturbável de Ramalho Eanes". Comunidade Cultura e Arte (in Portuguese). 24 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 July 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  6. ^ "O Golpe do 25 de Novembro" (in European Portuguese). Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  7. ^ "António Ramalho Eanes". Presidência da República Portuguesa (in European Portuguese). Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  8. ^ "Entidades Nacionais Agraciadas com Ordens Portuguesas". Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  9. ^ "Tito i Eanes razmijenili najviša odlikovanja dviju zemalja". Slobodna Dalmacija (10123): 12. 18 October 1977. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  10. ^ "Resultados PR 1976" (PDF). Comissão Nacional de Eleições. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
  11. ^ "Resultados PR 1980" (PDF). Comissão Nacional de Eleições. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
  12. ^ "Exclusivo 1986. Eanes assume liderança do PRD", Diario de Notícias, 29 April 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  13. ^ "Resultados AR 1987" (PDF). Comissão Nacional de Eleições. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
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Political offices
Preceded by President of Portugal
1976–1986 		Succeeded by
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