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Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria

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For the later archduchess, see Archduchess Maria Magdalena of Austria (1689–1743).
Maria Maddalena of Austria
Grand Duchess consort of Tuscany
Tenure17 February 1609 – 28 February 1621
Born(1589-10-07)7 October 1589
Graz, Austria
Died1 November 1631(1631-11-01) (aged 42)
Passau,
SpouseCosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
IssueFerdinando II, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Cardinal Gian Carlo
Margherita, Duchess of Parma
Mattias, Governor of Siena
Prince Francesco
Anna, Archduchess of Austria
Leopold, Governor of Siena
Names
Maria Magdalena
HouseHouse of Habsburg
FatherCharles II, Archduke of Austria
MotherMaria Anna of Bavaria

Maria Maddalena of Austria (Maria Magdalena; 7 October 1589 – 1 November 1631) was Grand Duchess of Tuscany from the accession of her husband, Cosimo II, in 1609 until his death in 1621. With him, she had eight children, including a duchess of Parma, a grand duke of Tuscany, and an archduchess of Further Austria. Born in Graz, she was the youngest daughter of Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria, and his wife Maria Anna of Bavaria. During the minority of her son, Grand Duke Ferdinando, she and her mother-in-law acted as regents. She died on 1 November 1631 in Passau.

Marriage

In 1608, Maria Maddalena was married to Cosimo de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany. Cosimo's father, Grand Duke Ferdinando I of Tuscany, arranged the marriage in order to assuage Spain's (where Maria Maddalena's sister was the incumbent queen) animosity towards Tuscany, which had been inflamed due to a string of Franco-Tuscan marriages.[1]

Regency

She and Cosimo enjoyed a contented marriage. Together they had eight children. Cosimo II died in 1621, leaving their ten-year-old son Ferdinando as grand duke. Maria Maddalena and her mother-in-law, Christina of Lorraine, acted as regents until the boy came of age. Their collective regency is known as the Turtici. Maria Maddelana's temperament was analogous to Christina's. Together, they aligned Tuscany with the Papacy; re-doubled the Tuscan clergy; and allowed the trial of Galileo Galilei to occur.[2] Upon the death of the last Duke of Urbino, instead of claiming the duchy for Ferdinando, who was married (needs clarification) his granddaughter, and heiress, Vittoria della Rovere, they permitted it to be annexed by Pope Urban VIII. In 1626, they banned any Tuscan subject from being educated outside the Grand Duchy, a law later resurrected by Maria Maddalena's grandson, Cosimo III.[3] Harold Acton ascribes the decline of Tuscany to their regency.[3] The Dowager Grand Duchesses sent Ferdinando on a tour of Europe in 1627.[4]

The Grand Duchess died aged 42 after a visit to her brother Leopold in Innsbruck on the way back to Passau, Germany. Her son had been in power for a year.

Issue

  1. Maria Cristina de' Medici (August 24, 1609 – August 9, 1632), she was deformed or mentally retarded [5]
  2. Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (July 14, 1610 – May 23, 1670) married Vittoria della Rovere.
  3. Gian Carlo de' Medici (July 24, 1611 – January 23, 1663) made Cardinal in 1644.
  4. Margherita de' Medici (May 31, 1612 – February 6, 1679) married Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma.
  5. Mattias de' Medici (May 9, 1613 – October 14, 1667) appointed Governor of Siena.
  6. Francesco de' Medici (October 16, 1614 – July 25, 1634).
  7. Anna de' Medici (July 21, 1616 – September 11, 1676) married Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria (1628–1662)
  8. Leopoldo de' Medici (November 6, 1617 – November 10, 1675), made Cardinal in 1667.

Ancestors

Family of Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria
16. Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
8. Philip I of Castile
17. Mary of Burgundy
4. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
18. Ferdinand II of Aragon
9. Joanna of Castile
19. Isabella I of Castile
2. Charles II of Austria
20. Casimir IV Jagiellon
10. Vladislas II of Bohemia and Hungary
21. Elisabeth of Austria
5. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary
22. Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale
11. Anna of Foix-Candale
23. Catherine of Foix
1. Maria Maddalena of Austria
24. Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria
12. William IV, Duke of Bavaria
25. Kunigunde of Austria
6. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria
26. Philip I of Baden
13. Marie of Baden-Sponheim
27. Elisabeth of the Palatinate
3. Maria Anna of Bavaria
28. Philip I of Castile (= 8.)
14. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (= 4.)
29. Joanna of Castile (= 9.)
7. Anna of Austria
30. Vladislas II of Bohemia and Hungary (= 10.)
15. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (= 5.)
31. Anna of Foix-Candale (= 11.)

Citations

  1. ^ Hale, p 151
  2. ^ Acton, p 111
  3. ^ a b Acton, p 192
  4. ^ Strathern, p 375
  5. ^ Medici Archive

Bibliography

  • Acton, Harold: The Last Medici, Macmillan, London, 1980, ISBN 0-333-29315-0
  • Strathern, Paul: The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance, Vintage books, London, 2003, ISBN 978-0-09-952297-3
  • Hale, J.R.: Florence and the Medici, Orion books, London, 1977, ISBN 1-84212-456-0

See also

Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria
Born: 7 October 1589 Died: 1 November 1631
Italian royalty
Preceded by Grand Ducal consort of Tuscany
1609–1621 		Vacant
Title next held by
Vittoria della Rovere
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