Bismuth(III) iodide
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
Bismuth(III) iodide
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| Other names
Bismuth iodide, bismuth triiodide
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.029.207 |
PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| BiI3 | |
| Molar mass | 589.69 g/mol |
| Appearance | greenish-black crystals |
| Density | 5.778 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 408.6 °C (767.5 °F; 681.8 K) |
| Boiling point | 542 °C (1,008 °F; 815 K)[1] |
| 0.7761 mg/100 mL (20 °C) | |
| Solubility | 50 g/100 mL ethanol 50 g/100 mL 2M hydrochloric acid |
| Structure | |
| Trigonal, hR24 | |
| R-3, No. 148 | |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Related compounds | |
Other anions
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Bismuth(III) fluoride Bismuth(III) chloride Bismuth(III) bromide |
Other cations
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Nitrogen triiodide Phosphorus triiodide Antimony triiodide |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Bismuth(III) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula BiI3. This gray-black solid is the product of the reaction of bismuth and iodine, which once was of interest in qualitative inorganic analysis. [3] [4]
Bismuth(III) iodide adopts a distinctive crystal structure, with iodide centres occupying a hexagonally closest-packed lattice, and bismuth centres occupying either none or two-thirds of the octahedral holes (alternating by layer), therefore it is said to occupy one third of the total octahedral holes. [5] [6]
Synthesis
Bismuth(III) iodide forms upon heating an intimate mixture of iodine and bismuth powder:[7]
- 2Bi + 3I2 → 2BiI3
BiI3 can also be made by the reaction of bismuth oxide with aqueous hydroiodic acid:[8]
- Bi2O3(s) + 6HI(aq) → 2BiI3(s) + 3H2O(l)
Reactions
Since bismuth(III) iodide is insoluble in water, an aqueous solution can be tested for the presence of Bi3+ ions by adding a source of iodide such as potassium iodide. A black precipitate of bismuth(III) iodide indicates a positive test.[9]
Bismuth(III) iodide forms iodobismuth(III) anions when heated with halide donors:[10]
- 2 NaI + BiI3 → Na2[BiI5]
References
- ^ Norman, Nicholas C. (1998), Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, Springer, p. 95, ISBN 0-7514-0389-X, retrieved 2008-06-03
- ^ "341010 Bismuth(III) iodide 99%". Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved 2008-06-19.
- ^ "Bismuth iodide", McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, McGraw-Hill, 2003, retrieved 2008-06-19
- ^ Turner, Jr., Francis M.; Berolzheimer, Daniel D.; Cutter, William P.; Helfrich, John (1920), The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, New York: Chemical Catalog Company, p. 107, retrieved 2008-06-19
- ^ Smart, Lesley; Moore, Elaine A. (2005), Solid State Chemistry: An Introduction, CRC Press, p. 40, ISBN 0-7487-7516-1, retrieved 2008-06-19
- ^ Mackay, Rosemary Ann; Henderson, W. (2002), Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry, CRC Press, pp. 122–6, ISBN 0-7487-6420-8, retrieved 2008-06-19
- ^ Erdmann, Hugo; Dunlap, Frederick Leavy (1900), Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis, New York: John Wiley & Sons, p. 76, retrieved 2008-06-19
- ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 559. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- ^ Bruno, Thomas J.; Svoronos, Paris D. N. (2003), Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis, CRC Press, p. 549, ISBN 0-8493-1573-5, retrieved 2008-06-19
- ^ Norman, Nicholas C. (1998), Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, Springer, pp. 168–70, ISBN 0-7514-0389-X, retrieved 2008-06-19