Broken rice
Broken rice is a grade of rice consisting of grains broken in the milling process. On milling Oryza sativa, commonly known as Asian rice or paddy rice, produces around 50% whole rice then approximately 16% broken rice, 20% husk, 14% bran and meal.[1][2] Further grains break before and after milling in transport.[3] Mechanical separators are used to separate the broken grains from the whole grains.[4] Broken rice may or may not[5] have lower fiber and nutrient content, but generally has a similar energy content to intact rice.
Industrial uses
Very small broken rice is called 'brewers' rice', as use by brewers is the traditional industrial use.[3][5][6][7] Due to the different size and shape of the grains, broken rice has a different, softer texture from "unbroken" rice.[8][9] Broken rice is also used to make starch which is used as laundry starch and in foods, cosmetics and textile manufacture.[10]
Human consumption
Broken rice is consumed as part of local cuisine in West Africa, Thailand and elsewhere in South East Asia, where the broken varieties are often less expensive,[11] and so are preferred by poorer consumers.[12][13][14][15] In Vietnam Cơm tấm (literally "broken rice") is a popular rice dish with pork.
References
- ^ G. J. H. Grubben, Sutjipto Partohardjono, Cereals Prosea Project - 1996 - Page 114 "On milling, paddy gives approximately: husk 20%, whole rice 50%, broken rice 16%, bran and meal 14%. The husked or hulled rice is usually called brown rice, and this is then milled to remove the outer layers, including the aleurone layer "
- ^ A. Th. G. Elzebroek, Koop Wind Guide to Cultivated Plants 2008 - Page 346 "In West Africa, a hybrid between O. sativa and O. glabberima has been developed. This new hybrid, labelled 'Nerica' ... grains are sold as 'broken rice'. Very small broken rice is called 'brewers' rice', generally used for industrial purposes. On milling paddy gives approximately 20% husk, 50% brown rice, 16% broken rice, 14% bran and meal.
- ^ a b SAGE V FOODS, LLC. Types of rice
- ^ www.alibaba.com merchant database retrieved 2009-09-26
- ^ a b ars.usda.gov Agriculture Research, May 2002
- ^ Texas Monthly April 1975 - Page 110 Uncle Ben "Of the 70 pounds of milled white rice, only about 55 pounds can be counted upon to ...... The other fifteen pounds of broken rice are shunted aside by a "sifting" machine and sold to the export market or to brewers. In the final step before packaging, Uncle ..."
- ^ "Life as a Grain of Rice", USDA Ag. Research Service
- ^ "Broken rice kernels and the kinetics of rice hydration and texture during cooking". J Sci Food Agric. 93 (7): 1673–9. May 2013. doi:10.1002/jsfa.5948. PMID 23174947.
- ^ http://www.eatingintranslation.com/2012/01/broken-rice.html Eating in Translation
- ^ Martin Brink, G. Belay Cereals and Pulses 2006 - Page 113 "Oryza sativa – planted about 800–900 AD, to West Africa. The final penetration of Oryza sativa into ... Starch made from broken rice is used as laundry starch and in foods, cosmetics and textile manufacture. Beers, wines and spirits are made ..."
- ^ fsa.usda.gov Loan Values for 2007 Crop Whole Kernels and Broken Rice
- ^ fas.usda.gov USDA trade report
- ^ Rice Grain Quality and Marketing 1985 Page 6 "However, the export demand for broken rice prices in Thailand is almost as high as for medium-quality whole rice, due to rapidly increasing demand for broken rice in West Africa, mentioned earlier. Thailand broken rice is long-grain, clean and ..."
- ^ Grain market report International Wheat Council, International Grains Council -- Nos 276/285 1999 -- Page 36 "Thai 100% grade B white rice (referred to as "white rice" in this section) is a widely-traded, high- quality variety, and Thai A1 Special broken rice represents a cheaper type that is often marketed to West Africa, for example. Many other types and ..."
- ^ William E. Burns Science And Technology in Colonial America 2005 - Page 12 "... purpose in West Africa. The baskets were then rotated and tossed to separate the lighter hulls from the heavier grains. The long-grain rice, the famous "Carolina Gold," had to be handled carefully to avoid breakage, as broken rice was of less ..."
