C.D. Luis Ángel Firpo
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| Full name | Club Deportivo Luis Ángel Firpo | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickname(s) |
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| Short name | Firpo | ||
| Founded | September 21, 1923 | ||
| Ground | Estadio Sergio Torres | ||
| Capacity | 5,000 | ||
| Chairman |  Ricardo Palacios Salmerón | ||
| Manager |  Gabriel Alvarez | ||
| League | Primera División | ||
| 2023 Apertura | Overall: 3rd Playoffs: Quarter-Final | ||
| Website | https://www.lafirpo.com.sv | ||
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Club Deportivo Luis Ángel Firpo (often abbreviated to Firpo) is an El Salvador professional association football club based in Usulután.[1]
The club is the second-oldest in El Salvador and was founded as Tecún Umán on September 17, 1923, by a group of local citizens in Usulután. It was soon renamed in honor of Argentine boxer Luis Ángel Firpo, who became the first Latin American to fight for the heavyweight championship, knocking Jack Dempsey out of the ring on September 14, 1923.[2] Firpo has played at their home ground, Estadio Sergio Torres, since 1930.[3][4] The team's mascot is the bull, a reference to Firpo, who was known as the Wild Bull of the Pampas. The club's traditional kit colours are white and red, blue is also used but it is less predominant. The colours were adopted from the Argentine side San Lorenzo de Almagro, of which Luis Ángel Firpo was a supporter.
Some of the most prominent players from El Salvador, including Mauricio Cienfuegos and Raúl Díaz Arce, have played for L.A. Firpo. The team has won a total of ten Primera Division Champions championships, the first coming in 1988–89 and the most recent in the 2013 Clausura. The club's most successful period was between 1988 and 2000, when they won the El Salvadoran title seven times. Firpo has the fourth highest total of major honours won by a Salvadoran club. Their historical rival is Aguila and their local rival is Aguila.
History
[edit]Early history and first golden era
[edit]On September 17, 1923, a group of Usulután citizens, mostly of European descent, decided to form a team that represented their community's passion for football. The club elected Gustavo Denys as their first club chairman. They decided to choose red and blue as their team's colours. Originally named Tecún Umán, the club was soon renamed in honor of Luis Ángel Firpo, a famous Argentine boxer. [1]
On November 9, 1923, Club Deportivo Sandino, also based in Usulutan, wanted to merge with Firpo, and it almost came to fruition. However, the main sticking point was that Sandino wanted to appoint the majority of the 41 club directors (36 to Sandino and only five Firpo directors). Following the impasse, Firpo rejected the offer.
The members of CD Luis Ángel Firpo acquired land near Sergio Torres creek to develop and build a stadium.
At the end of 1930s, Former player Miguel el Zancudo Segurado was named football manager, He Centred the team around the dynamic and potent players such as Luis Chispo Morataya, Queco Bolanos, Napoleon Flores Huezo, the Zamora brothers (Ricardo and Miguel), the Quinteros brothers (Leonidas and Lázaro), and the Aguila brothers (Ramón and Mario). the most influential player was midfielder Luis Antonio Regalado, who in 1942 become the first player from LA Firpo to represent El Salvador's national football team.
On 22 March 1942, Firpo won their first title by winning the Zona Oriental (Eastern State) title defeating America de Chinameca 2–1. This allowed them to compete in a round robin competition for the national title against Quequeisque (Central State champion), Ferroccarril (Zona Occidente) and Juventud Olímpica. Firpo lost their first match against Quequeisque 6–1, this was followed by 2–1 win against Ferrocarrill, however QQQ won the title due to winning two games and drawing one. Firpo finished in third place.
On 25 April 1943, Firpo won their second title state tile by defeating Corona (San Miguel) 5–3. Once again Firpo competed round robin competition for the national title. In the first game Firpo played against reigning champion Quequeisque were the game was tied for the majority of the game 1-1 thanks to goal from Leonidas Quinteros, Sadly Firpo were not able to hold back the tide and lost the game 8–1. This was followed by 2–2 draw against Ferrocarill, another heavy loss against QQQ 7–1, and their only victory in the tournament 2–1 against Ferrocarrill. Firpo once again finished in third place.
Due to World War 2, no state competition or final competition were played, Firpo played a series of friendlies which included 3–2 loss against Quequeisque, 5–0 loss against Espana, Loss against Mecca (Santa Ana) 2–1, and 1–0 win against Juventud Olímpica.
In 1946, Firpo played their first ever international against Honduran Federal tying 3-3, with all three goals scored by Rafael Galvez.
In 1946, Firpo once again represented eastern zone, against Libertad and Once Municipal, Firpo lost both matches against Libertad 2–0, Firpo managed to draw 1–1 against Once Municipal and lost 3–1 in their final game. For the third straight time, Firpo finished in third place.
In 1948, Firpo participated in the first national championship, Firpo played 22 out of 24 games, winning 16 games, drawing 7 games and 6 loss and finished in fifth place. Firpo didn't play the final two games as Once Municipal were crowned national champion with two games to spare.
Difficult years, moderate success and downfall
[edit]The following years were plagued with financial instability, players from the first golden era started retiring or leaving. This culminated with the disastrous 1951-52 Campaign, which included 5–0 loss against Leones, 5–4 loss against Independiente, a stripped 2–1 victory Santa Anita due to players being ineligible, their first victory coming after more than half the season played against Juventud Olímpica, this would be their only victory as they only gained five points and finished last.
After signing Honduran Armando Enamorado and Costa Rican Jacobo Godoy ahead of the 1955–56 season, the club finished runner up by one point to Atletico Marte. In the 1957–58 season Firpo was relegated to the second division after only grabbing 13 points from 20 games.
Firpo hired Former player Narciso Romagoza to coach the team in the second division, Firpo first won the privilege to represent Zona oriental in the final round robin tournament against El Renacimiento de Santa Ana and Platense. Firpo finished the tournament as champion after winning two games, 1 draw and one loss. This allowed Firpo to be promoted after one season, but the same issues arose with economic problems and players departing, which culminated in Firpo being relegated to second division just two years later.
Club constant promotion and relegation
[edit]After being relegated in 1962, The club was stuck in the second division for four years, but in 1967 - thanks to the players such as Francisco Contreras, Daniel Martinez, Napoleon Regaldo, Ramon Tenorio, Raul Corcio Zavaleta, Miguel Deras, foreign players Andres Paretti & Julio Escobar, who will play a major part in Luis Angel Firpo success in the future. Firpo were able to finish in the top spot over historic club Dragon, Santa Anita and Rey Y Negro. However the success was short lived as they were relegated twice in 1969 & 1971.
In 1972, Firpo decided to hire more experienced players including world cup player Sergio Méndez, Alfredo Erado, Fausto Vasquez and Miguel Miche; Cornejo, they once again were able to defeat Dragon, Huracan, Molino, Atlante and Molsa. This will be the last time Firpo will be relegated until 2015, Although Firpo were technically relegated in 1982, however Firpo purchased first division spot of San Miguel club Agave F.C.. During this period Firpo were struggling financially off the field and on the field, being midtable or bottom.
Minor success and rebuild
[edit]Following tgus, Firpo president Gustavo Torres Cerna made a concerted effort to develop and gain new sponsorship such Tachulaptecpec, he also brought quality foreign players such as Argentinian Guillermo Fisher, Brazilians Sebastian Pio da Silva, Carlos Lopez Neves and Nelson de Moraes. The latter along with Francisco Jovel made Firpo the best defensive team in El Salvador only allowing 16 goals in 27 games, however despite this effort, the club poor goalscoring record meant the club was only able to finish in third place. Firpo set unprecedent record of going 12 games consecutive with 0–0 draw.
Following this Sergio Torres Rivera (nephew of Gustavo Torres Cerna) took over the previous president position, which would begin Firpo glory years. Sergio Torres would establish a strong financial sponsorship which included renewal El Salvador conglomerate La Tapachulteca and William Handal. Following this club would scout promising young players in the first and second division such as future captain and national player Leonel Carcamo, Miguel Estrada, Juan Agustin Gamez, Jose Maria Batres, Osmel Zapata, Nelson Quintanilla. This was combined with established experienced players such as Giovanni Trigueros, Nelson Rivera, Miguel Arevalo, Mauricio Cienfuegos, Marlon Menjívar and Carlos Rivera.
Finally they would send scouts down to South America, they first convinced Peruvian national team players Martín Duffó and Miguel Seminario- promising bonuses for winning championship or goalscoring championship. The last stop was Brazil to pick up Brazilian pairings Toninho dos Santos and Fernando Da Moura.
Golden generation
[edit]In the 1988–89 season, the team hoisted the league title for the first time. The team finished third in the regular season, but the club nonetheless dismissed Argentinian coach Juan Quarterone before the playoffs. In his place, they hired former player Julio Escobar. Escobar justified the club's faith by leading the team through the championship round and into the finals. Their match against Cojutepeque was drawn 2–2 after extra time, setting up a penalty shootout. Firpo prevailed 4–3, with Leonel Carcamo scoring the winning penalty.
In the 1990 final,[which?] the team lost to Alianza but won their second crown in 1991. That season saw Firpo go on a 30 match unbeaten streak and defeat Aguila 1–0 in the finals. Marlon Menjívar scored the only goal.
The following year, Macedonian Kiril Dojčinovski took over the coaching reins of Firpo and led them to back to back titles. The stars of this run were Raúl Toro, Raúl Díaz Arce, Mauricio Cienfuegos, Celio Rodríguez, Leonel Cárcamo and Fernando de Moura. They defeated Alianza in both finals, giving the club four championships in five years.
Soon after, Leonal Carcamo donned the captain's armband and the club continued to play at a high level. They reached either the semi-finals or finals every year from 1994 to 1997, then won the championship again in 1998. That win came over FAS 2–0, with the goals being scored by Raúl Toro and Abraham Monterrosa.
Firpo won another championship in 1999, beating FAS 5–4 on penalty kicks. In 2000, Club president and owner Sergio Torres died the week before the final match against ADET, and the players dedicated the match to his memory. They went on to win, bringing home their seventh title.[5]
Modern era
[edit]After 2000, Firpo's success began to decline. With players retiring, moving abroad, or being sold onto other clubs, the death of Sergio Torres cost the team their primary sponsor and led the club into financial instability. As a result, Firpo reached the grand final repeatedly, but could not win another title for seven years.
In the 2007 Apertura, Argentinian coach Horacio Cordero guided the team to another final, and they defeated FAS 5–3 in a penalty shootout. The next season saw the club hoist the crown again, winning the Clausura 2008. They beat FAS again, 1–0, and celebrated their third repeat championship.
The team won their tenth title in the 2013 Clausura under the direction of Argentinian coach Roberto Gamarra with another win over their rivals from FAS.
On May 5, 2014, after 32 years of top-flight football, Firpo were relegated to the second division after a 1–1 draw with Dragón.[6] However, the relegation didn't stay, as Firpo purchased Juventud Independiente's license. On May 27, 2019, the club achieved a record sixth relegation from the Primera Division, after the team lost 3–1 against Alianza.[7]
At the end of the 2020 season, Pablo Herrera (owner of the franchise license of Independiente) announced that Independiente will lose their license and he will be giving the license to Luis Angel Firpo for the Clausura 2020.
In September 2023 the club celebrated a centenary of existence, the club played a friendly against Guatemalan giant Municipal, which the clun lost 1–0. [2]
Honours
[edit]Luis Angel Firpo is historically the fourth most successful team in El Salvador football, as they have won ten championships. it occupy the top position in the ranking of the Usulutan football based teams. The club's most recent trophy came in June 2013, with the Clausura 2013.
Domestic honours
[edit]League
[edit]- Primera División and predecessors
- Champions (10): 1988–89, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1997–98, 1999 Clausura, 2000 Clausura, Apertura 2007, Clausura 2008, Clausura 2013
- Segunda División Salvadorean and predecessors
- Champions (3): 1959, 1966–67, 1972
- Tercera División Salvadorean and predecessors
- Champions: 2001-2002
Cups
[edit]- Copa President and predecessors
- Runners-up (2) : 1990–1991, 2000
CONCACAF
[edit]- CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup
- Runners-up : 1995 CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup
- Torneo de la Fraternidad de Centroamérica
- Champion : 1942
Club statistics and records
[edit]The salvadoran midfielder TBD holds Firpo overall appearance record having played in 000 matches over the course of 14 seasons from 19 to 19. Following him is former goalkeeper TBD who contested 000 matches over the course of 11 seasons from 1997 to 2008.
The club's all-time leading scorer is Raúl Díaz Arce, who scored 119 goals while at the club from 19 to 19. TBD is also third behind TBD and TBD in all time appearances having played in TBD matches during his 14-year stint at the club. Despite Diaz Arce's impressive goalscoring record, he doesn't hold the record for most goals scored during a league season. That distinction is held by Brazilian Toninho dos Santos who notched 28 goals, which he attained in the 1989-90 season.
Firpo's biggest victory is 11–0, which occurred against TBD in the 1953–54 edition of the Coupe de France and, two seasons later, against Delle in the 1955–56 edition of the competition. Firpo's biggest league victory is 11–0 which occurred during the 1995 season against Cojutepeque. The club's biggest victory on the CONCACAF stage occurred during the 1995 season, where Firpo hammered Curaçao-based club CRKSV Jong Colombia 8–0.
TBD had the longest reign as Firpo coach, with nine years (eight consecutive) in charge, and is the most successful coach in Firpo history with three Primera division wins.
Stadium
[edit]CD Luis Ángel Firpo plays most of its home games at Estadio Sergio Torres in Usulután, better known throughout Central America as the Devil's Cauldron. Located in the Barrio La Parroquia, the stadium is an exception in El Salvador's professional football: As Firpo is the only team in the First Division that plays in its own stadium. Firpo's first president, Mr. Gustavo Demis, bought two thirds of the stadium and, in 1950, the then-president Mr. Juan Boillat bought the other third. In 1987, the stadium was renamed after the former owner and president of the team. The stadium known as Usulután Stadium became known as Sergio Torres Rivera Stadium. However, the club has moved games to Estadio Cuscatlán.
Home stadium
[edit]- Estadio Sergio Torres (1950–present)
- Estadio Cuscatlán (2002-Current) (big game venue)
- Estadio Jorge "El Mágico" González, San Salvador (2024-Current) games in the CONCACAF Central American Cup.
Fan culture
[edit]Club badge and colours
[edit]Luis Angel Firpo's home colours are white, blue and red. Traditional away kit colours have been either red or white and blue; however, in recent years several different colours have been used.
Their first logo contained a figure of a bull in honor of the "toro de las pampas" of the boxer Luis Ángel Firpo. However, later the board of Luis Ángel Firpo decided to replace the bull with the official coat of arms of Luis Ángel Firpo which consisted of a triangle with two half circles which contained the blue and white letters of the club. On top of the coat of arms contains stars which indicate the number of titles the team has won, which currently is at ten.
Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors
[edit]Luis Angel Firpo's shirts have been sponsored by Pilsener since 2017. Previous sponsors have been Tapachulteca (1988–1999), TACA (1992), Pepsi (1999), Diana (2007–2013), Pilsener (2007–2013), Burger King (2013) and Tigo (2009). Their kits have been manufactured by Galaxia (since) . Prior manufacturers have been Galaxia (1999–2007, 2018), Kelme (2017) and Joma (2009–2013), Aviva (2018-TBD)
| Period | Company |
|---|---|
| 1988-2008 | Galaxia
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| 2009-2013 |  Joma
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| 2015 | Toros
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| 2016 | Galaxia
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| 2017 | Kelme
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| 2018 | Galaxia
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| 2018 | AVIVA
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| 2021-2022 | Milan
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| 2022–present | Galaxia
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As of January 2024
| Period | Kit Manufacturer | Shirt Sponsor | Sleeve Sponsor |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024–present | Galaxia | Diagri, Cablesat, Domino's | INDES, Canal 4, Kool Fashion |
Rivalries
[edit]- Luis Ángel Firpo v. Alianza. The match is known as (Clásico Joven) (Young classic) Although Alianza has one more title than Firpo.
- Luis Ángel Firpo v. Águila. The match is known as (Clásico de Oriente) (Eastern Classic). They are from the same Zone.
- One smallest but stronger and old rivalry could be Luis Ángel Firpo v. FAS.
Supporters
[edit]Despite having a growing fan base across the country, there were no official fan groups until 1990 when Manuel Viagra founded the "Furia Pampera" in Usulután.[8] They are currently the second largest fan base in San Salvador and the fourth largest nationwide.
Famous supporters
[edit]- Politics: Tony Saca (Former President of El Salvador)
- Politics: Roberto D'Aubuisson (Former Mayor of Santa Tecla)
Presidents
[edit]Luis Ángel Firpo has had numerous presidents over the course of their history, some of which have been the owners of the club while others have been honorary presidents. Here is a complete list of them.[9]
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Players
[edit]Current squad
[edit]As of 28 July 2024[update]: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Players with dual citizenship
[edit]
TBD
Out on loan
[edit]Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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In
[edit]Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Out
[edit]Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Current technical staff
[edit]As of June 2024
| List of C.D. Luis Angel Firpo managers | ||
|---|---|---|
| Role | Person . | |
| Head Coach | Gabriel Alvarez (*)
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| Assistant Head Coach | Francisco Hernandez (*)
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| Reserve Head Coach | TBD
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| Sports Director | Manuel Martinez (*)
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| Under 17 Coach | TBD (*)
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| Fitness Coach | Carlos Cortez (*)
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| Goalkeeping Coach | Mauricio Vargas (*)
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| Physical Trainer | tbd (*)
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| Fitness Coach/Sports Therapist | TBD (*)
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| Team Doctor | TBD
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| Equipment manager | TBD (*)
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| Ladies team Head Coach | TBD
| |
Reserve League squad
[edit]CD Luis Ángel Firpo reserve squad plays in the twelve-team Primera División Reserves (El Salvador).
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Corporate structure
[edit]| Club Administrative Staff | ||
|---|---|---|
| Role | Person | Season. |
| President | Ricardo Palacios |
2024–25 |
| Vice-president | Eugenio Aviles |
2024–25 |
| Assistant Vice-president | Macedonio Mejia |
2024-25 |
| Sporting director | TBD |
2024-25 |
| Assistant sporting director | TBD |
2024–25 |
| Secretary general | Luis Quintanilla |
2024–25 |
| Assistant Secretary general | TBD |
2024-25 |
| Treasurer | Jair Montaya |
2024-25 |
| Assistant Treasurer | Jesus Bindico |
2024-25 |
| Television Manager | TBD |
2024-25 |
| Assistant Manager | TBD |
2024-25 |
| Sports Marketing Manager | TBD |
2024-25 |
| Assistant Sports Marketing Manager | TBD |
2024-25 |
| Legal Representative | TBD |
2024-25 |
Notable players
[edit]Note: this list includes players that have appeared in at least 50 league games and/or have reached international status.
National player
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International Player
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Naturalized Player
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Captains
[edit]| Years | Captain |
|---|---|
| 1967-1968 | Ernesto Bolívar
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| 1975 | Tomás Pineda (GK)
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| 1980 | Samuel Rodriguez Gochez Tierrita
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| 1982 | Amadeo Machado “Tractor” (DF)
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| 1984–1985 | Abraham "El Peñero" Vazquez (DF)
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| 1988–1989 | Abraham "El Peñero" Vazquez (DF)
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| 1990–1992 | Miguel Estrada Cuerno (DF)
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| 1993-1998 | Leonel Carcamo (DF)
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| 1999 |  Celio Rodríguez (FW)
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| 2000 | Leonel Carcamo (DF)
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| 2003–2004 | Héctor Canjura (DF)
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| 2005–2006 | Jorge Sanchez (DF)
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| 2007–2008 | Guillermo Morán (DF)
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| 2009–2010 | Manuel Salazar (DF)
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| 2010–2013 | Jorge Sanchez (DF)
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| 2013 | Dennis Alas (MF)
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| 2013, 2015 | Mauricio Quintanilla (MF)
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| 2014 |  Anel Canales (FW)
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| 2015 | Marlon Martínez (MF)
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| 2016–2017 |  Williams Reyes (FW)
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| 2017 * | Isaac Zelaya (MF)
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| 2017–2018 |  Jhony Rios (DF)
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| 2018 | Rodrigo de Brito (DF)
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| 2019 | Edwin Martinez (DF)
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| 2020–2021 | Tardelis Peña (DF)
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| 2022 |  Jomal Williams (FW)
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| 2022–2023 | Eduardo Vigil (DF)
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| 2023 | Tardelis Pena (DF)
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| 2024 | Alexis Maravilla (DF)
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| 2024–present | Wilberth Hernández (GK)
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All-time XI
[edit]
In 1998, as part of celebration of 75 years old 'El Equipo Ideal de L.A. Firpo de Todos Tiempos', a vote was carried out to decide on the club's official All Time XI.
| Position | Player | Years at club |
|---|---|---|
| GK | Werner Ortiz (+) |
1955 |
| RB | Nelson de Moraes |
1979–1980 |
| RCB | Luis Antonio Regalado (+) |
1939–52 |
| LCB | José Francisco Jovel |
1972–78; 1984–87 |
| LB | Melendez Campos |
1975–78 |
| RM |  Victor Pereira |
TBD |
| CDM | Fernando De Moura |
1989–1992 |
| CM | Mauricio Cienfuegos |
1988–91; 1994–96 |
| LM |  Raúl Toro Basáez |
1991–2000 |
| RW | Raul Diaz Arce |
1991–96 |
| LW |  Armando Enamorado |
1956–58 |
Managers
[edit]Argentinean Gabriel Alvarez has been the club's manager since 2024. Costa Rican Ramón Rodríguez Soto was Firpo's first manager from outside El Salvador. Chilean Julio Escobar is the club's most successful coach, having won four Primera División titles; following closely is Macedonian Kiril Dojčinovski, who won two Primera División titles (back to back championships).
| Managers with at least one trophy | ||||
| Name | Period | Trophies | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Julio Escobar
|
1987-1989, 1994–1995, 1997–1998, 1999-May 2001 | 4 Primera División de Fútbol Profesional | ||
 Kiril Dojcinovski
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1991–1993, 1995–1996, November 1996-December 1996 | 2 Primera División de Fútbol Profesional | ||
| Juan Carlos Masnik
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1990–1991 | 1 Primera División de Fútbol Profesional | ||
| Horacio Cordero
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July 2007–November 2007 | 1 Primera División de Fútbol Profesional | ||
| Gerardo Reinoso
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January 2008–May 2008 | 1 Primera División de Fútbol Profesional | ||
| Roberto Gamarra
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March 2013–September 2013, November 2020–February 2022 | 1 Primera División de Fútbol Profesional | ||
References
[edit]- ^ Gráfico, El. "Firpo quiere encender la caldera ante Metapán". elgrafico.com. Archived from the original on August 31, 2017. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
- ^ John Ashdown (12 September 2012). "Which club were shipwrecked on their way to a game?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ Gráfica, La Prensa. "Firpo arrancará la pretemporada sin haber pagado deuda del Clausura al plantel". La Prensa Gráfica. Archived from the original on September 1, 2017. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
- ^ Gráfico, El. "El Firpo desaparece y da vida al Vencedor, en segunda división". elgrafico.com. Archived from the original on August 31, 2017. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
- ^ Guandique, Ever. "Ever's Applets\LA Firpo Page\Archivo". FanSpace.com. Archived from the original on April 24, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
- ^ "El Firpo vuelve a segunda después de 32 años". El Gráfico. Archived from the original on August 27, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
- ^ "Firpo pierde y dice adiós a la Primera División". El Gráfico. Archived from the original on April 28, 2019. Retrieved April 28, 2019.
- ^ "La poderosa barra del Firpo que vendrá para el Clausura 2018". elgrafico.com. Archived from the original on January 9, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
- ^ "Luís Ángel Firpo y Metapán a la gran final del fútbol salvadoreño". Archived from the original on March 26, 2008.
- ^ "Presidente del Firpo sí ofreció bajar 25 por ciento de salario a jugadores". elgrafico.com. Archived from the original on December 5, 2017. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
External links
[edit]- Official website (archived)