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Cairo Metro
Overview
Native nameمترو أنفاق القاهرة
OwnerNational Authority for Tunnels (Egyptian state)[1]
LocaleGreater Cairo, Egypt
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines3
Number of stations61
Daily ridership~4 million[2]
Annual ridership805 million (FY2010)[3]
WebsiteCairo Metro Template:En icon
Operation
Began operation27 September 1987[4]
Operator(s)Cairo Metro - The Egyptian Co. for Metro Management & Operation[5]
CharacterMixed
Underground, At-grade and Elevated
Technical
System length77.9 km (48.4 mi)[4]
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
ElectrificationLine 1: Overhead line,1.5 kV DC[6]
Line 2: Third rail, 750 V DC[7]
Line 3: Third rail

The Cairo Metro (Template:Lang-ar Metro Anfāq al-Qāhirah, lit. "Cairo Tunnel Metro" or مترو الأنفاق  pronounced [ˈmetɾo lʔænˈfæːʔ]) is the first rapid transit system in Greater Cairo, Egypt and the first of only two full-fledged metro systems in Africa and only four in the Arab world.[8][9] It was opened in 1987 as Line 1 from Helwan to Ramsis square with a length of 29 kilometres (18.0 mi).[10] As of 2014, the Cairo Metro has 61 stations (mostly At-grade), of which 3 are transfer stations, with a total length of 77.9 kilometres (48.4 mi). The system consists of three operational lines numbered from 1 to 3.

Cairo Metro has the first tunnel under the Nile River in history, as line 2 extends under the river.[11]

Overview

The Cairo Metro is run by the National Authority for Tunnels. The lines use standard gauge (1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)). On all Cairo metro trains, the middle two cars (4th and 5th) of each train are reserved for women (the 5th car becomes a mixed use after 21:00). There are also blue signs at every station that signify the position of these cars. These cars are used as an option for women who do not wish to ride with men in the same car; however, women can still ride other cars freely. This policy was introduced for protection of women from sexual harassment by men.[12]

As of 2013, the metro carried nearly 4 million passengers per day.[2]

Operating hours

Cairo Metro turnstile gates (standard ticket)

Cairo Metro operates from 05:00 till 01:00 with a total of 20 working hours all the year except during the holy month of Ramadan, which operates from 05:00 till 02:00 with a total of 21 working hours, while the remaining hours reserved for maintenance work.[13]

Tickets

Cairo Metro ticket (front side)
Cairo Metro ticket (back side)

The ticket price is EGP 1.00 for each journey (about € 0.11, or $ 0.14, average exchange rate for 2013), regardless of distance.[14]

Network

Map of the Cairo Metro. The third line extends to Ahram, as of May 2014. See below.
See also: List of Cairo Metro stations
Line Termini Opened Latest
extension 		Length Stations
 1  Helwan - El Marg[15] 1987 1999 44.3 km[10] 35[15][16]
 2  Shobra El Kheima - El Mounib[15] 1996 2005 21.6 km[17][18] 20[15][16]
 3  Attaba - Al Ahram 2012 7 May 2014 12.0 km[19] 9[19]
TOTAL: 77.9 km[4] 61[15][Note 1]

Line 1

Main article: Cairo Metro Line 1

Line 1 (red) is the oldest line of the Cairo Metro, with its first 29-kilometre (18 mi) segment having opened in 1987.[10] The line is 44.3-kilometre (27.5 mi) long,[10] and serves 35 stations. This line carries trains with 3 units (9 train cars),[10] which have a headway of 3:30 to 4 minutes, and a maximum speed of 80 km/h (50 mph).[10] The line can carry 60,000 passengers per hour in each direction.[20]

Line 1 had a train driving simulator supplied by Transurb Technirail that won the international tender issued by Cairo Metro in December 2011.[21]

Line 2

Main article: Cairo Metro Line 2

Line 2 (orange) is the second line of the Cairo Metro. The line is 21.6-kilometre (13.4 mi) long,[17] of which 13 kilometres (8 mi) is in tunnels. It serves 20 stations, of which 12 are underground.[17] It is mostly in bored tunnel, with two exceptions: a short section at the northern end approaching Shubra El Kheima which is elevated, and a section just south of this by cut-and-cover. Line 2 uses the third rail electrification system instead of the overhead line used in the first line.[22] The communication extension for line 2 was provided by Alcatel in 2005.[23]

The minimum headway for the line is 2 minutes 40 seconds to 3 minutes.

The Line 2 has a simulator installed in Shubra since 2002 which was delivered by French company CORYS.

Line 3

Main article: Cairo Metro Line 3

Line 3 (green) presently operates from Attaba to Ahram (Heliopolis), with construction under way for the remaining line to the northwest of Greater Cairo. Eventually it would link Cairo International Airport all the way to Cairo University and Imbaba. The line will cross under the two branches of the River Nile, as does Line 2. The total length of the line will be approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi), most of which in bored tunnel, and will be implemented in four phases.[24]

Phase 1 from Attaba station to Abbassia station opened on 21 February 2012,[25] with five stations and a total length of 4.3 kilometres (2.7 mi).[9][19] Phase 2 to Al Ahram Station was opened on the 7 May 2014 by president Adly Mansour,[26][27] with four additional stations and an added length of 7.7 kilometres (4.8 mi),[19] for a total length of 12.0 kilometres (7.5 mi).

History

Background

The Cairo Metro (line 2)

As the biggest and most densely populated city in Africa, and the Arab World, the case for a metro in Greater Cairo was strong. In 1987 that population stood at 10 million residents, not counting the two million or so commuters who came into Cairo every day to work.[28] The capacity of Cairo's public transport infrastructure was around 20,000 passengers/hour, which increased to 60,000 after the construction of the Metro. In 1990 a study was conducted for the future needs of the city and showed there was a need for about 8.4 million journeys by public transport and 2.7 million journeys by other modes, such as taxi and car. The actual public transport capacity is 4.9 million journeys/day, 3.5 million short of the actual requirement. This has led to a 50% increase in the number of taxis on the streets with subsequent increases in traffic congestion in the city.[29]

Proposed plans

The idea of a metro was first thought of in the 1930s by the Egyptian engineer Saiyed Abdel Wahed who was working at the Egyptian Railway Authority,[30] however, the idea did not progress. Following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, there was renewed interest in the idea. In 1954 French experts made a report about the future of the transportation in Egypt. They proposed a metro encompassing two lanes, one 12 km long lane connecting Bab al-Louq and Ismailia and a second 5 km lane connecting Boulaq and Abou al-Ela Castle. They also proposed that there should be one company in charge of all transportation systems.[30]

Later on multiple experts came to Egypt regarding that project: Soviet experts in 1956, Japanese experts in 1960 and French experts in 1962, which concluded the following: The creation of a metro system with multiple lines. The first is a 5 km lane connecting Helwan with El-Marg going under the Kasr el eini street and Ramses Street.[30] The second lane would be from Sayeda Zainab to Shobra going under Downtown Cairo and would be 9.5 km long.[30] The third is from Giza to Abbaseya and would be 11.5 km long. The fourth is from Al Awqaf to the Castle and is 6.7 km long.[30]

In 1964 British experts advised the creation of a metro line from Bab El Louk to Shubra.[31] In 1966 Japanese experts advised the creation of a lane between Helwan and El Marg and another one going through Mohandessin, Heliopolis and 26 of July street, which would encompass 26 km.[31] Lastly, in 1969, the government approved the need for a study showing the needed capacity for Cairo's transportation system.[31] The Egyptian Ministry of Transport had an international tender for the creation of the study. Eight companies applied and the French company Sufreto won the tender on 20 September 1970.[32] The study was finished in 1973 and included mainly the study of the population development in Cairo and its needs for transportation capacity in 1980,1985 and 1990.[33] It concluded the necessity for three lines in greater Cairo to solve the transportation problem. The first line would use the already available railways (Helwan-Bab El luk and Al Laymoun Bridge- El Marg) and connect them through a metro. It would be in total 43 km long. The second line should be 13.5 km and connect Shubra El-Kheima and Bulaq going through Ramses Street and Tahrir Square. The third line would go from El Darasa to Imbaba and would be in total 10 km long.[34]

The priority for the project was the first line which would reduce 30% of the daily transport to and from Cairo and use the already available structures.[34] The detailed study of the construction took 6 years from 1975 to 1981.[34] A tender was made for the construction of the metro and the Egyptian-French company Entra Nevra Arabco won it and had the task of constructing the metro system.[35]

Construction works

The construction of Line 1 (blue) started in 1982 after the French government agreed on giving Egypt the necessary loan. The first section was opened on 27 September 1987[4] and the line was completed in 1989 connecting Helwan with El Marg and consisting of 33 stations with a total length of 43 km of which 4.7 km underground.[36] The line witnessed few developments since 1989, New El Marg station was added in 1999 to the northern end of the line, bringing its total length to 44.3 km. Helwan University station was built between Wadi Houf and Ain Helwan stations.[22]

Cairo's metro network was greatly expanded in the mid-1990s with the building of Line 2 (red), from Shoubra El Kheima to Cairo University, with an extension to Giza. The line includes the first tunnel under the Nile.[37][38] The construction of the line was finished in October 2000 and was later extended to El Mounib.[37]

Future

Line 4 (October-Oasis Highway - the Police Academy)

Line 4 is planned to run from Haram District reaching the New Cairo district connecting Greater Cairo from West to East crossing the two branches of the Nile river with total length of 24 kilometres (14.9 mi).[8][9]

Phase 1 of the project will run from El-Malek El-Saleh Station (Interchange with Line 1) to the October-Oasis Highway Station with a total length of 18 km, passing through Giza Railway Station (Interchange with Line 2);[39][40] the original plan for phase 1 was for it to start from EL-Malek El-Saleh Station and end at the Grand Egyptian Museum Station with a total length of 10 km, but the Ministry of Roads & Transportation decided to extend the Line in their efforts to further connect the Governorate of 6 October to the Greater Cairo Area; phase 1 also includes the plan to connect the end of Line 4 to the suburbs of 6 October mainly through executing The October 6th Tram system (The O6T) which will be by using a Tram-train system supplied with the Alstom Regio-Citadis trams. This phase will have 15 stations to be constructed with a duration of 6.5 years.[22] Phase 1 stations will be equipped with automatic fare collection system and platform screen door and will consider disabled passengers by means of elevators.[22]

Phase 1 bidding has been postponed until May 2015 to enable Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to complete the feasibility study and to resolve other issues with the construction starts by 2015 or 2016 according to Ismail El-Nagdy, Chairman of National Authority for Tunnels with Japan International Cooperation Agency financing $1.2 billion loan while Egyptian government covering the rest of $2.4 billion.[39][40][41][42]

Phase 2 is set to begin in 2014 starting from El-Malek El-Saleh Station passing through Magra El-Oyoun street and Salah El-Din Citadel in Salah Salem street and ending at the 6th District Station (beginning of Nasr City district) with a completion date set at October 2018.[8]

Phase 3 is set to begin in 2015 starting from the 6th District Station and ending at Makram Ebeid Station running through Mustafa El-Nahas street in bored tunnels under the existing old tram system, taking it as a guide and ultimately deconstructing the old railway and paving the path it occupied increasing the street by two lanes in each direction which is critically needed to lighten the traffic congestion in the area. This phase has a completion date set at October 2019.[citation needed]

Phase 4, the final phase, has a starting date set in 2017 where it will start from Makram Ebeid Station with bored tunnels running through Doctor Hassan El-Sherif street and all the way under Ahmed El-Zomor street reaching the end of the line and making it complete at the Police Academy Station.[8]

Line 4 is expected to be fully operational by October 2020.[8]

The New Cairo Monorail

This project has been proposed by private investors and awaiting approval from the government with a plan to connect Line 3 with Line 4 through a route which is mostly parallel to the Ring Road's eastern arc, therefore covering New Cairo from north to south starting at the Cairo International Airport and ending at the beginning of the Cairo-Ain Sokhna Highway, where the government is currently planning to build a major bus station to serve those traveling to the eastern part of the country. The project has an estimated cost of $750 million and a completion date set at 2020.

Proposed stations are:

  • Cairo International Airport
  • The Governmental Complex
  • Naguib Mahfouz
  • Police Academy
  • The 5th Settlement
  • Katameya
  • Eastern Cairo Bus Station

Long term plans

Plan of Cairo Metro lines 1, 2 and 3

A transportation study of the Greater Cairo region was completed in 1999. It recommended the implementation of a six line system consisting of lines 1, 2 and 3 (existing), and lines 4, 5 and 6. The completed Metro Network would be capable of serving most of the densely populated areas in the Greater Cairo region, which was much in need of a comprehensive mass transit system. The plans include interchange stations between the six metro lines and would also provides interchange facilities with existing main railway stations, the airport, and bus stations.

The six planned metro lines aim to meet the transportation demands of the Greater Cairo area up to the year 2022. However, the actual construction and implementation schedule will be restricted by available funding, and it is likely that the timetable will slip.

Line 5 would be half-circular line connecting lines 1, 2, 3 and 4, running from Nasr City to Port Said Street and Shubra El Kheima. It would have a length of 20 kilometres (12 mi), entirely within bored tunnels.[8][9]

Line 6 would stretch from Shubra in the north until the Maadi and Helwan districts in the south. It would run from Ataba Station (Interchange with both Line 2 and Line 3) through El Kalaa street in bored tunnels to Salah Eldin Citadel Station (Interchange with Line 4) and moving on from there to both districts via bored tunnels using the existing route El-Mahager Railway as a guide through both Maadi and Helwan. This Line has a length of 19 kilometres (12 mi).[8][9]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Counting transfer stations only once.

References

  1. ^ "TWINNING PROJECT FICHE - Assistance to the Egyptian Metro Company (ECM) in Reforming Railway Safety Regulations, Procedures and Practices" (PDF). Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  2. ^ a b Sood, Suemedha (15 March 2013). "Subway systems by the numbers". BBC. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  3. ^ "Statistics [see first and second figures – e.g. List of Current and Expected Ridership for Cairo Metro from 2009/2010 until 2019/2020]" (in Arabic). Cairo Metro. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d "Cairo". metrobits.org. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  5. ^ "About Company". Cairo Metro. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  6. ^ Barrow, Keith (14 March 2014). "Cairo to order new trains for metro Line 1". International Railway Journal. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Inc. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  7. ^ Banerjee, M.K.; El Hoda, N. (October 1998). "Review of the automatic train control system for Cairo Metro line 2". Power Engineering Journal. 12 (5). IET. doi:10.1049/pe:19980506. ISSN 0950-3366. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g "Cairo Metro, Egypt". Railway-Technology.com. Kable. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Cairo". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  10. ^ a b c d e f "First Line Working". Cairo Metro, Inc. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  11. ^ "Egypt Digs First Tunnel Under Nile". Associated Press News Archive. Associated Press. 3 March 1998. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  12. ^ Cowell, Alan (15 January 1990). "Cairo Journal; For Women Only: A Train Car Safe From Men". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  13. ^ Hebeishy, Reda (30 July 2014). "Metro lines' working hours return Thursday to 20h instead of 21h". thecairopost.com. Alyoum Alsabea. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  14. ^ "Getting Around Cairo". U.S. News & World Report Travel. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  15. ^ a b c d e "Metro lines". Cairo Metro, Inc. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  16. ^ a b "FAQ". Cairo Metro, Inc. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  17. ^ a b c "Line 2". National Authority for Tunnels. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  18. ^ El-Nahhas, Fathalla M. (2006). "Tunnelling and Supported Deep Excavations in the Greater Cairo" (pdf). Int. Symposium on Utilization of Underground Space in Urban Areas: 5. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  19. ^ a b c d "Line 3". National Authority for Tunnels. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
  20. ^ Metro Al Anfaq 32
  21. ^ "Transurb Technirail Wins Contract to Develop a Driving Simulator for Cairo Metro in Egypt". railway-technology.com. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
  22. ^ a b c d "National Authority for Tunnels - EIA Study for Greater Cairo Metro Line No.4 Phase 1 - Final Report" (PDF). nurhosting.com. Environics. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  23. ^ "Alcatel extends the communications infrastructure of Cairo's metro line 2". Paris: Alcatel Lucent. 26 April 2005. Retrieved 27 October 2008.
  24. ^ Abeer Saady (May–June 2007). "Cairo's Metro Gets Bigger & Better". German-Arab chamber of industry and commerce. Retrieved 27 October 2008.
  25. ^ "VINCI : Opening of Phase 1 of Line 3 of the Cairo metro". 4-traders.com. Surperformance. 22 February 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  26. ^ "New Abbasiya-Heliopolis metro line opens in Cairo". Ahram Online. 7 May 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  27. ^ "Cairo metro Line 3 extension opens". Railway Gazette International. 8 May 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  28. ^ Metro Al Anfaq 11
  29. ^ Metro Al Anfaq 14
  30. ^ a b c d e Metro Al Anfaq 15
  31. ^ a b c Metro Al Anfaq 16
  32. ^ Metro Al Anfaq 17
  33. ^ Metro Al Anfaq 18
  34. ^ a b c Metro Al Anfaq 19
  35. ^ Metro Al Anfaq 20
  36. ^ "Line 1". National Authority for Tunnels. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  37. ^ a b "Greater Cairo Metro Network". Egyptian Tunneling Society. 15 April 2007. Retrieved 20 October 2008.
  38. ^ "Cairo's metro goes under Nile". BBC News. 19 April 1999. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
  39. ^ a b "Egypt begins Cairo Metro Line 4's Phase I in FY15". zawya.com. Zawya. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  40. ^ a b "Egypt to begin Cairo Metro Line 4 in 2015". TradeArabia Business News Information. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  41. ^ "Cairo Metro". Railways Africa. 2 December 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  42. ^ Briginshaw, David (14 November 2014). "Egypt allocates funds to expand Cairo metro". International Railway Journal. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Inc. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
Other references

Bibliography

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