Caraquet

Caraquet
Town
Aerial view of Caraquet.
Coat of arms
Motto:  Cultural Capital of Acadia
Country	Canada
Province	New Brunswick
County	Gloucester County
Parish	Caraquet
Founded	1731
Incorporated	November 15, 1961
Government
• Type	Town Council
• Mayor	Kevin Haché
Area
• Total	68.26 km2 (26.36 sq mi)
Highest elevation	31 m (102 ft)
Lowest elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population  (2011)
• Total	4,169
• Density	61.1/km2 (158/sq mi)
• Pop 2006-2011	0.3%
• Dwellings	1,943
Time zone	UTC-4 (AST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-3 (ADT)
Postal code(s)	E1W
Area code	506
Highways Route 11	Route 145 Route 325 Route 335
Website	www.ville.caraquet.nb.ca

Caraquet (API : /kaʁakɛt/) is a Canadian town in Gloucester County, New Brunswick.

Situated on the shore of Chaleur Bay in the Acadian Peninsula, its name is derived from the Mi'kmaq term for meeting of two rivers. The Caraquet River and Rivière du Nord flow into the Caraquet Bay west of the town.

Establishment

Caraquet was first settled by Gabriel Giraud dit St. Jean who was a French trader and merchant. He married a Mi'kmaq woman and settled in Lower Caraquet. After the expulsion of the Acadians from southern New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in 1755, some Acadians settled in Upper Caraquet. Led by Alexis Landry in 1757, the original town site was founded at what is now called Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage. The land was officially granted for the town in 1774 through the Royal Proclamation to 34 families of Acadian, Normand and Mi'kmaq origins.

The town is unofficially called Acadia's capital by its residents. Caraquet hosts the annual Acadian Festival held each August, with the culmination being the Tintamarre on August 15. 48.2% of people aged over 15 years have a certificate, diploma or post-secondary degree, compared to 44.6% for the province.

History

See also: History of New Brunswick and List of historic places in Gloucester County, New Brunswick

The Mi'kmaq were the first to have visited the region, as early as 4000 years ago. Objects have been discovered in the port but it is thought they used the place as a camp and not as a village. The Vikings had visited the region from the year one thousand, then we know that Basque, Breton and Norman fishermen came in the thirteenth century. Jacques Cartier explored the surrounding area in 1534. In 1713, Great Britain obtained Acadia in the Treaty of Utrecht. Caraquet was founded around 1731 by the Breton Gabriel Giraud dit Saint-Jean. It stood on the present site of the border with Bas-Caraquet.

Monument to the Founding of Caraquet

In 1755, the British took Fort Beauséjour and began the deportation of the Acadians. A group of survivors led by Alexis Landry took refuge in Caraquet in 1757 at a place called Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage. Several privateers, Captain Saint-Simon and survivors of the Battle of the Restigouche took refuge in the village of Gabriel Giraud in 1760. The following year, Pierre du Calvet made a census of the Chaleur Bay, whose purpose was to determine where and how many Acadians were hiding there. In retaliation for the Battle, Roderick MacKenzie captured most of the refugees, including 20 people of the 174 then in Caraquet. The rest of the population emigrated to other places in the Bay of Chaleur, especially Miscou and Bonaventure.

In 1763, Great Britain finally dispossessed Louis XV of North America in the Treaty of Paris. George III's Royal Proclamation of 1763 and administrative changes the next year then allowed Acadians on land not occupied by the British. Most families returned to Caraquet from 1766. Bourdages Raymond founded a fishing station in 1762 but it was the target of attacks by American privateers in 1776 and by Micmac in 1779. In 1784, François Gionet walked to Halifax where the Great Grant was obtained, legalizing the occupation of Caraquet by 34 families of 57 km ². Families of Norman fishermen had meanwhile established themselves in town and were followed by French Canadians.

The Tintamarre on National Acadian Day in Caraquet

Merchants from England, Scotland and Jersey settled in Caraquet from the early nineteenth century. Despite their small number, they would control the economy and politics of the city for a century. Charles Robin and Company opened an important fishery in 1837, followed by that of Robert Young in 1850. The government of George King voted in the Common Schools Act in 1871 which removed any religious presence in schools and made education difficult in French. The precarious economic situation of fishermen, the discontent caused by the Common Schools Act and the attempts of the Anglophones to control the board led to Acadian protests in January 1875. Following property damage from the protests, Robert Young ordered police to the city and supplemented them with a private militia. When militiamen attempted to force entry to an Acadian household on January 27, 1875, an exchange of gunfire resulted and militiaman John Gifford and Acadian Louis Mailloux were shot and killed. Calm was restored and the population got some concessions.

Despite the Industrial Revolution, Canadian Confederation hurt the Maritime Provinces. To counter the exodus of the population and control of fishing companies, new farming villages were founded. In 1864, the engineer Sanford Fleming proposed to build the Intercolonial Railway from Montreal to Pokesudie through Caraquet. While the final route was diverted south to Halifax in 1868, the line was built to Caraquet in 1887 following a part of the originally proposed route. The opening of the railway increased economic development with the opening of shops and hotels as well as a change of habits. The College Sacre Coeur opened its doors in 1899 but was destroyed by fire in 1914; it moved to Bathurst the next year. The Fifth National Acadian Convention was held in 1905.

Topographic map of Caraquet. 1 - Éco-Musée de l'Huître - 2 - L'Acadie Nouvelle - 3 - Place Saint-Pierre - 4 - Fédération des Caisses populaires acadiennes - 5 - Villa Beauséjour - 6 - Caraquet cemetery - 7 - Town Hall, Cultural center, park, Marguerite-Bourgeoys school, Polyvalente Louis-Mailloux - 8 - Caraquet cooperative - 9 - Place Caraquet - 10 - Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus - 11 - New Brunswick School of Fisheries, Musée acadien - 12 - Carrefour de la Mer, marina, fish plants - 13 - Lieu Gabriel-Giraud

Demographics

Population

Almost throughout its history, Caraquet has seen an exodus of its population because of poor living conditions in the early decades, and economic issues. Most of these people are based in the United States, primarily in Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Michigan and Florida. It was also established in the rest of Canada, mainly in Quebec and Montreal, where the "diaspora" is more populous than their city of origin. More recently, many people, especially young people, have settled in Greater Moncton and in Alberta, attracted by the oil sands industry.

Canada census – Caraquet, New Brunswick community profile

	2011
Population	4,169 (+0.3% from 2006)
Land area	68.26 km2 (26.36 sq mi)
Population density	61.1/km2 (158/sq mi)
Median age	48.5 (M: 47.2, F: 49.6)
Private dwellings	1,943 (total)
Median household income	$43,057

References: 2011 earlier

Historical Census Data - Caraquet, New Brunswick

Year Pop. ±% 1991 4,556 —     1996 4,653 +2.1%

Year Pop. ±% 2001 4,442 −4.5% 2006 4,156 −6.4%

Year Pop. ±% 2011 4,169 +0.3%

Language

Canada Census Mother Tongue - Caraquet, New Brunswick
Census		Total		French				English				French & English				Other
Year		Responses		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %
2011		4,030		3,930	2.1%	97.52%		65	18.2%	1.61%		15	n/a%	0.37%		20	100.0%	0.50%
2006		4,080		4,015	5.6%	98.41%		55	22.2%	1.35%		0	100.0%	0.00%		10	77.8%	0.24%
2001		4,360		4,255	5.3%	97.59%		45	18.2%	1.03%		15	0.0%	0.34%		45	50.0%	1.03%
1996		4,595		4,495	n/a	97.82%		55	n/a	1.20%		15	n/a	0.33%		30	n/a	0.65%

Economy

Caraquet's economy is primarily marine resource-based, with a fishing wharf and seaport. Several beaches and other tourist attractions, such as the Village Historique Acadien, are located in the area. New Brunswick's only francophone daily newspaper, L'Acadie Nouvelle, is published in Caraquet.

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Gloucester County, New Brunswick

Budget

The water fee is $120 and the sewer fee to $250. Counters for industries and businesses, the fee is $1.00 per 1000 gallons of salt water, $2.25 / 1,000 gallons for water and $1.20 for each sprinkler watering.

See also

• List of communities in New Brunswick

External links

• Town of Caraquet