Castle Geyser

Castle Geyser
Location	Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Teton County, Wyoming
Coordinates	44°27′50″N 110°50′03″W
Elevation	7,333 feet (2,235 m)
Type	Cone geyser
Eruption height	90 feet (27 m)
Frequency	10 to 12 hours
Duration	20 minutes
Common	Media related to Castle Geyser at Wikimedia Commons

Castle Geyser is a cone geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park. It is noted for the particularly large sinter deposits, which form its cone. These deposits have been likened in appearance to a castle.

When the geyser was given this name in 1870, the top edges of the structure resembled the typical profile associated with the modern concept of a castle, having the appearance of a large keep, multiple turrets, and especially because of the crenellation along the top edges of what resembled its towers. This distinctive confirmation is clear in the drawing made at that time, which is the first image in the gallery displayed at the end of this article. As demonstrated in the images presented in the gallery, the conformation of the structure varies from time to time because of layers of mineral deposited in successive eruptions.

History

On September 18, 1870, the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition entered the Upper Geyser Basin. Eventually, members of the expedition named seven geysers they observed in the basin. The appearance of this geyser led Lieutenant Gustavus Cheyney Doane to name it Castle Geyser. Nathaniel P. Langford gave this account in his 1871 Scribner's article:

"The Castle," situated on the summit of an incrusted mound, has a turreted crater through which a large volume of water is expelled at intervals of two or three hours to the height of fifty feet, from a discharging orifice about three feet in diameter. The architectural features of the silicious sinter surrounding it, which is very massive and compact, indicating that at some former period the flow of water must have been much greater than at present, suggested its name. A vent near it is constantly discharging a large stream of boiling water, and when the geyser is in action the water in this vent boils and bubbles with great fierceness.

Eruption

The Castle Geyser has a 10–12 hour eruption cycle. The geyser erupts hot water for about 20 minutes in a vertical column that reaches a height of 90 feet (27 meters) before changing to a noisy steam phase that issues for 30–40 minutes.

The sinter cone for Castle Geyser has been dated to around 1022 using carbon-14 dating. This date is much younger than the originally-presumed age of 5,000 to 15,000 years. A 3-D laser scan made of the cone reveals evidence that this geyser has evolved through four to five distinct stages to reach its current configuration.

In November 2002, an earthquake in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska caused Castle Geyser, as well as other geysers in Yellowstone, to decrease in eruption frequency. The affected geysers have returned to their previous pattern since that time, however.

Images of Castle Geyser

• 
  Original sketch of Castle Geyser when documented by the Washburn Expedition of 1870 and showing the sharp resemblance to castles
• 
  William Henry Jackson, 1872. Crested Pool is in the foreground.
• 
  Painting, Thomas Moran, 1874
• 
  January 1887, F. Jay Haynes
• 
  Ansel Adams, 1942
• 
  c. 1952
• 
  Steam phase eruption. Crepuscular rays are also seen.
• 
  Steam phase in winter
• 
  2005

References

20-second video of an eruption

External links

• "Castle Geyser movie". Retrieved September 16, 2005.