Charles Bronson
Charles Bronson | |
---|---|
Publicity photo, 1966 | |
Born | Charles Dennis Buchinsky[1] November 3, 1921 Ehrenfeld, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
Died | August 30, 2003 Los Angeles, California, U.S. | (aged 81)
Cause of death | Pneumonia Alzheimer's disease |
Occupation | Actor |
Years active | 1950–1999 |
Spouse(s) | Harriett Tendler (1949–1965; divorced) Jill Ireland (1968–1990; her death) Kim Weeks (1998–2003; his death) |
Children | 7 |
Military career | |
Allegiance | ![]() |
Service/ | ![]() |
Years of service | 1943–1946[2] |
Rank | ![]() |
Unit | 61st Bombardment Squadron[3] |
Battles/wars | World War II |
Awards | ![]() |
Charles Bronson (born Charles Dennis Buchinsky; November 3, 1921 – August 30, 2003) was an American film and television actor.
He starred in films such as Once Upon a Time in the West, The Magnificent Seven, The Dirty Dozen, The Great Escape, Rider on the Rain, The Mechanic, and the Death Wish series. He was often cast in the role of a police officer, gunfighter, or vigilante in revenge-oriented plot lines. He had long collaborations with film directors Michael Winner and J. Lee Thompson. In 1965, he was featured as Major Wolenski in Battle of the Bulge.
Early life and World War II service
Bronson was born Charles Dennis Buchinsky in Ehrenfeld in Cambria County in the coal region of the Allegheny Mountains north of Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
He was the 11th of 15 children born to a Lithuanian[4][5] immigrant father and a Lithuanian-American mother.[6][7][8][9] His father, Walter Bunchinski (who later adjusted his surname to Buchinsky to sound more "American"),[4][10][11] hailed from the town of Druskininkai. Bronson's mother, Mary (née Valinsky), whose parents were from Lithuania, was born in the coal mining town of Tamaqua, Pennsylvania. He learned to speak English when he was a teenager; before that he spoke Lithuanian and Russian.[12][13]
Bronson was the first member of his family to graduate from high school.[4] When Bronson was 10 years old, his father died. Young Charles went to work in the coal mines, first in the mining office and then in the mine.[4] He later said he earned one dollar for each ton of coal that he mined.[12] He worked in the mine until he entered military service during World War II.[4] His family was so poor that at one time, he said, he had to wear his sister's dress to school because of his lack of clothing.[14][15]
In 1943, Bronson enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces and served in the 760th Flexible Gunnery Training Squadron, and in 1945 as a Boeing B-29 Superfortress aerial gunner with the Guam-based 61st Bombardment Squadron[16] within the 39th Bombardment Group, which conducted combat missions against the Japanese home islands.[17] Bronson flew 25 missions and received a Purple Heart for wounds received in battle.[18]
Acting career
Early roles, 1951–1959
After the end of World War II, Bronson worked at many odd jobs until joining a theatrical group in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He later shared an apartment in New York City with Jack Klugman while both were aspiring to play on the stage. In 1950, he married and moved to Hollywood, where he enrolled in acting classes and began to find small roles.
Bronson's first film role — an uncredited one — was as a sailor in You're in the Navy Now in 1951. Other early screen appearances were in Pat and Mike, Miss Sadie Thompson and House of Wax (as Vincent Price's mute henchman Igor). In 1952, Bronson boxed in a ring with Roy Rogers in Rogers' show Knockout. He appeared on an episode of The Red Skelton Show as a boxer in a skit with Skelton playing "Cauliflower McPugg". He also had a part credited as Charles Buchinsky in a western named Riding Shotgun, starring Randolph Scott. In 1954, Bronson made a strong impact in Drum Beat as a murderous Modoc warrior, Captain Jack, who relishes wearing the tunics of soldiers he has killed.
In 1954, during the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) proceedings, he changed his surname from Buchinsky to Bronson at the suggestion of his agent, who feared that an Eastern European surname might damage his career.[19] He reportedly took his inspiration from the Bronson Gate at the studios of Paramount Pictures, situated on the corner of Melrose Avenue and Bronson Street.
He made several appearances on television in the 1950s and 1960s, including a 1952 segment, with fellow guest star Lee Marvin, of Biff Baker, U.S.A., an espionage series on CBS starring Alan Hale, Jr. and played a killer named Crego in Gunsmoke (1956). Bronson had the lead role of the episode "The Apache Kid" of the syndicated crime drama Sheriff of Cochise, starring John Bromfield; Bronson was subsequently cast twice in 1959 after the series was renamed U.S. Marshal. He guest-starred in the short-lived CBS situation comedy, Hey, Jeannie! and in three episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents: And So Died Riabouchinska (1956), There Was an Old Woman (1956), and The Woman Who Wanted to Live (1962). In 1957, Bronson was cast in the Western series Colt .45 as an outlaw named Danny Arnold in the episode "Young Gun".[20] He also scored the lead in his own ABC's detective series Man with a Camera (from 1958 to 1960), in which he portrayed Mike Kovac, a former combat photographer freelancing in New York City.[21] In 1959, he played Steve Ogrodowski, a naval intelligence officer, in two episodes of the CBS military sitcom/drama, Hennesey, starring Jackie Cooper. Bronson starred alongside Elizabeth Montgomery in The Twilight Zone episode "Two" (1961). He appeared in five episodes of Richard Boone's Have Gun – Will Travel (1957–1963).
In 1958, he was cast in his first lead film role in Roger Corman's Machine-Gun Kelly, followed by the lead role in the WWII film When Hell Broke Loose later the same year.
Success, 1960–1968
Bronson was cast in the 1960 episode "Zigzag" of Riverboat, starring Darren McGavin.[22] That same year, he was cast as "Dutch Malkin" in the 1960 episode "The Generous Politician" of The Islanders. In 1960, he garnered attention in John Sturges' The Magnificent Seven, in which he was cast as one of seven gunfighters taking up the cause of the defenseless. During filming, Bronson was a loner who kept to himself, according to Eli Wallach.[23] He received $50,000 for this role.[24] This role made him a favorite actor of many in the since disbanded Soviet Union, such as Vladimir Vysotsky.[25][26]
Two years later, Sturges cast him for another Hollywood production, The Great Escape, as claustrophobic Polish prisoner of war Flight Lieutenant Danny Velinski, nicknamed "The Tunnel King" (coincidentally, Bronson was really claustrophobic because of his childhood work in a mine). In 1961, he was nominated for an Emmy Award for his supporting role in an episode entitled "Memory in White" of CBS's General Electric Theater, hosted by Ronald Reagan. In 1962, he played alongside Elvis Presley as his loyal trainer, Lew Nyack, in Kid Galahad. In 1963, Bronson co-starred in the NBC Western series Empire. In the 1963–1964 television season he portrayed Linc, the stubborn wagonmaster in the ABC western series, The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters. In the 1965–1966 season, he guest-starred in an episode of The Legend of Jesse James. In 1965, Bronson was cast as a demolitions expert in an episode of ABC's Combat!. Thereafter, in The Dirty Dozen (1967), he played an Army death row convict conscripted into a suicide mission. In 1967, he guest starred as Ralph Schuyler, an undercover government agent in the episode "The One That Got Away" on ABC's The Fugitive. [citation needed]
European roles and rise with United Artists, 1968–1973
Bronson made a serious name for himself in European films. In 1968, he starred as Harmonica in Once Upon a Time in the West. The director, Sergio Leone, once called him "the greatest actor I ever worked with",[27] and had wanted to cast Bronson for the lead in 1964's A Fistful of Dollars. Bronson turned him down and the role launched Clint Eastwood to film stardom. In 1970, Bronson starred in the French film Rider on the Rain, which won a Hollywood Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film. The following year, this overseas fame earned him a special Golden Globe Henrietta Award for "World Film Favorite - Male" together with Sean Connery. In 1972 he began a string of successful action films for United Artists, beginning with Chato's Land, although he had done several films for UA before this in the 1960s (The Magnificent Seven, etc.). One film UA brought into the domestic mainstream was Città violenta, an Italian-made film originally released overseas in 1970. [citation needed]
Death Wish series and departure from UA, 1974–1980
Bronson's most famous role came when he was age 52, in Death Wish (Paramount, 1974), the most popular film of his long association with director Michael Winner. He played Paul Kersey, a successful New York architect who turns into a crime-fighting vigilante after his wife is murdered and his daughter sexually assaulted. This successful movie spawned various sequels over the next two decades, all starring Bronson.
In 1974, he had the title role in the Elmore Leonard film adaptation Mr. Majestyk, as an army veteran and farmer who battles local gangsters. For Walter Hill's Hard Times (1975), he starred as a Depression-era street fighter making his living in illegal bare-knuckled matches in Louisiana. He earned good reviews. Bronson reached his pinnacle in box-office drawing power in 1975, when he was ranked 4th, behind only Robert Redford, Barbra Streisand, and Al Pacino.[28] His stint at UA came to an end in 1977 with The White Buffalo.
Cannon Films era and final roles, 1981–1994
He was considered for the role of Snake Plissken in Escape from New York (1981), but director John Carpenter thought he was too tough looking and too old for the part, and decided to cast Kurt Russell instead. In the years between 1976 and 1994, Bronson commanded high salaries to star in numerous films made by smaller production companies, most notably Cannon Films, for whom some of his last films were made. Many of them were directed by J. Lee Thompson, a collaborative relationship that Bronson enjoyed and actively pursued, reportedly because Thompson worked quickly and efficiently. Thompson's ultra-violent films such as The Evil That Men Do (TriStar Pictures, 1984) and 10 to Midnight (1983) were blasted by critics, but provided Bronson with well-paid work throughout the 1980s. Bronson's last starring role in a theatrically released film was 1994's Death Wish V: The Face of Death. [citation needed]
Personal life
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/CharlesBronsonStarHWF.jpg/220px-CharlesBronsonStarHWF.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Charles_Bronson_Cannes.jpg/220px-Charles_Bronson_Cannes.jpg)
His first marriage was to Harriet Tendler, whom he met when both were fledgling actors in Philadelphia. They had two children before divorcing in 1965. She wrote in her memoir that she "was an 18-year-old virgin when she met the 26-year-old Charlie Buchinsky at a Philadelphia acting school in 1947. Two years later, with the grudging consent of her father, a successful, Jewish dairy farmer, Tendler wed Bunchinsky, the Catholic Lithuanian and former coal miner. Tendler supported them both while she and Charlie pursued their acting dreams. On their first date, he had four cents in his pocket — and went on, now as Charles Bronson, to become one of the highest paid actors in the country." [citation needed]
Bronson was then married again to British actress Jill Ireland from October 5, 1968,[29] until her death in 1990. He had met her in 1962, when she was married to Scottish actor David McCallum. At the time, Bronson (who shared the screen with McCallum in The Great Escape) reportedly told him, "I'm going to marry your wife". The Bronsons lived in a grand Bel Air mansion in Los Angeles with seven children: two by his previous marriage, three by hers (one of whom was adopted) and two of their own (another one of whom was adopted). After they married, she often played his leading lady, and they starred in fourteen films together.
In order to maintain a close family, they would load up everyone and take them to wherever filming was taking place, so that they could all be together. They spent time in a colonial farmhouse on 260 acres (1.1 km2) in West Windsor, Vermont.[30] Jill Ireland raised horses and provided training for their daughter Zuleika so that she could perform at the higher levels of horse showing. The Vermont farm, "Zuleika Farm", was named for the only natural child between them. During the late 1980s through the mid-1990s Bronson regularly spent winter holidays vacationing with his family in Snowmass, Colorado. [citation needed]
On May 18, 1990, aged 54, after a long battle with the disease, Jill Ireland died of breast cancer at their home in Malibu, California.[31] In December 1998, Bronson was married a third time to Kim Weeks, a former employee of Dove Audio who had helped record Ireland in the production of her audiobooks. The couple were married for five years until Bronson's death in 2003.
Death
Bronson's health deteriorated in later years, and he retired from acting after undergoing hip-replacement surgery in 1998. He suffered from Alzheimer's disease in his final years. Bronson died of pneumonia at age 81 on August 30, 2003 at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.[citation needed] He was interred at Brownsville Cemetery in West Windsor, Vermont.
Filmography
Actor
Year | Title | Role | Director | Genre |
---|---|---|---|---|
1951 | The Mob | Jack - Longshoreman (uncredited) | Robert Parrish | Crime thriller |
The People Against O'Hara | Angelo Korvac (uncredited) | John Sturges | Crime drama | |
You're in the Navy Now | Wascylewski (uncredited) | Henry Hathaway | War comedy | |
1952 | Bloodhound of Broadway | Phil Green, a.k.a. "Pittsburgh Philo" (uncredited) | Harmon Jones | Musical |
Battle Zone | Private (uncredited) | Lesley Selander | War | |
Pat and Mike | Henry 'Hank' Tasling (as Charles Buchinski) | George Cukor | Comedy | |
Diplomatic Courier | Russian Agent (uncredited) | Henry Hathaway | Mystery thriller | |
My Six Convicts | Jocko (as Charles Buchinsky) | Hugo Fregonese | Comedy drama | |
The Marrying Kind | Eddie - Co-Worker at Plant (uncredited) | George Cukor | Comedy drama | |
Red Skies of Montana | Neff (uncredited) | Joseph M. Newman | Adventure | |
1953 | Miss Sadie Thompson | Pvt. Edwards (as Charles Buchinsky) | Curtis Bernhardt | Musical |
House of Wax | Igor (as Charles Buchinsky) | André de Toth | Horror | |
Off Limits | Russell (uncredited) | George Marshall | Comedy | |
The Clown | Eddie, Dice Player (uncredited) | Robert Z. Leonard | Drama | |
Torpedo Alley | Submariner (uncredited) | Lew Landers | Drama | |
1954 | Vera Cruz | Pittsburgh | Robert Aldrich | Western |
Drum Beat | Kintpuash, aka Captain Jack | Delmer Daves | Western | |
Apache | Hondo (as Charles Buchinsky) | Robert Aldrich | Western | |
Riding Shotgun | Pinto (as Charles Buchinsky) | André de Toth | Western | |
Tennessee Champ | Sixty Jubel aka The Biloxi Blockbuster (as Charles Buchinsky) | Fred M. Wilcox | B-movie drama | |
Crime Wave | Ben Hastings (as Charles Buchinsky) | André de Toth | Crime drama | |
1955 | Target Zero | Sgt. Vince Gaspari | Harmon Jones | War drama |
Big House, U.S.A. | Benny Kelly | Howard W. Koch | Crime thriller | |
1956 | Jubal | Reb Haislipp | Delmer Daves | Western |
Man with a Camera | Mike Kovac | William A. Seiter | Crime Drama | |
1957 | Run of the Arrow | Blue Buffalo | Samuel Fuller | Western |
1958 | Gang War | Alan Avery | Gene Fowler Jr. | Drama |
When Hell Broke Loose | Steve Boland | Kenneth G. Crane | War | |
Machine-Gun Kelly | Machine Gun Kelly | Roger Corman | Crime biography | |
Showdown at Boot Hill | Luke Welsh | Gene Fowler, Jr. | Western | |
1959 | Never So Few | Sgt. John Danforth | John Sturges | War |
1960 | The Magnificent Seven | Bernardo O'Reilly | John Sturges | Western |
1961 | Master of the World | John Strock | William Witney | Sci-fi |
A Thunder of Drums | Trooper Hanna | Joseph M. Newman | Western | |
1962 | X-15 | Lt. Col. Lee Brandon | Richard Donner | Aviation drama |
Kid Galahad | Lew Nyack | Phil Karlson | Musical | |
1963 | The Great Escape | Flt. Lt. Danny Velinski, "The Tunnel King" | John Sturges | War |
4 for Texas | Matson | Robert Aldrich | Western comedy | |
1965 | Guns of Diablo | Linc Murdock | Boris Sagal | Western |
The Sandpiper | Cos Erickson | Vincente Minnelli | Drama | |
Battle of the Bulge | Maj. Wolenski | Ken Annakin | War | |
The Bull of the West | Ben Justin | Jerry Hopper/Paul Stanley | Western | |
1966 | This Property Is Condemned | J.J. Nichols | Sydney Pollack | Drama |
The Meanest Men in the West | Charles S. Dubin | Harge Talbot Jr. | Western | |
1967 | The Dirty Dozen | Joseph Wladislaw | Robert Aldrich | War |
1968 | Farewell, Friend | Franz Propp | Jean Herman | Crime adventure |
Villa Rides | Rodolfo Fierro | Buzz Kulik | War | |
Once Upon a Time in the West | Harmonica | Sergio Leone | Western | |
1968 | Guns for San Sebastian | Teclo | Henri Verneuil | Western |
1969 | Twinky (aka Lola) | Scott Wardman | Richard Donner | Comedy romance |
You Can't Win 'Em All | Josh Corey | Peter Collinson | War | |
1970 | Rider on the Rain | Col. Harry Dobbs | René Clément | Mystery thriller |
Violent City | Jeff Heston | Sergio Sollima | Thriller | |
1971 | Cold Sweat | Joe Martin | Terence Young | Thriller |
Someone Behind the Door | The Stranger | Nicolas Gessner | Crime drama | |
Red Sun | Link Stuart | Terence Young | Western | |
1972 | The Valachi Papers | Joe Valachi | Terence Young | Crime |
Chato's Land | Pardon Chato | Michael Winner | Western | |
The Mechanic | Arthur Bishop | Michael Winner | Thriller | |
1973 | The Stone Killer | Lou Torrey | Michael Winner | Crime drama |
Chino | Chino Valdez | John Sturges, Duilio Coletti | Western | |
1974 | Mr. Majestyk | Vince Majestyk | Richard Fleischer | Crime drama |
Death Wish | Paul Kersey | Michael Winner | Crime thriller | |
1975 | Breakheart Pass | Deakin | Tom Gries | Western adventure |
Breakout | Nick Colton | Tom Gries | Adventure drama | |
Hard Times | Chaney | Walter Hill | Drama | |
1976 | From Noon Till Three | Graham | Frank D. Gilroy | Western comedy |
St. Ives | Raymond St Ives | J. Lee Thompson | Crime drama | |
1977 | Raid on Entebbe | Brig. Gen. Dan Shomron | Irvin Kershner | Drama |
The White Buffalo | Wild Bill Hickok (James Otis) | J. Lee Thompson | Western | |
1978 | Telefon | Major Grigori Bortsov | Don Siegel | Spy |
1979 | Love and Bullets | Charlie Congers | Stuart Rosenberg | Crime drama |
1980 | Borderline | Jeb Maynard | Jerrold Freedman | Drama |
Caboblanco | Gifford Hoyt | J. Lee Thompson | Drama | |
1981 | Death Hunt | Albert Johnson | Peter R. Hunt | Western adventure |
1982 | Death Wish II | Paul Kersey | Michael Winner | Crime drama |
1983 | 10 to Midnight | Leo Kessler | J. Lee Thompson | Crime thriller |
1984 | The Evil That Men Do | Holland / Bart Smith | J. Lee Thompson | Thriller |
1985 | Death Wish 3 | Paul Kersey | Michael Winner | Crime drama |
1986 | Murphy's Law | Jack Murphy | J. Lee Thompson | Thriller |
Act of Vengeance | "Jock" Yablonski | John Mackenzie | Crime drama | |
1987 | Assassination | Jay Killion | Peter R. Hunt | Thriller |
Death Wish 4: The Crackdown | Paul Kersey | J. Lee Thompson | Crime drama | |
1988 | Messenger of Death | Garret Smith | J. Lee Thompson | Crime thriller |
1989 | Kinjite: Forbidden Subjects | Lieutenant Crowe | J. Lee Thompson | Drama |
1991 | The Indian Runner | Mr. Roberts | Sean Penn | Drama |
Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus | Francis Church | Charles Jarrott | Drama | |
1993 | The Sea Wolf | Capt. Wolf Larsen | Michael Anderson | Adventure |
Donato and Daughter | Sgt. Mike Donato | Rod Holcomb | Drama | |
1994 | Death Wish V: The Face of Death | Paul Kersey | Allan A. Goldstein | Thriller |
1995 | Family of Cops | Paul Fein | Ted Kotcheff | Thriller |
1997 | Family of Cops 2 | Paul Fein | David Greene | Crime drama |
1999 | Family of Cops 3 | Paul Fein | Sheldon Larry | Drama |
See also
References
- ^ "A classic immigrant success story - Charles Bronson". The Lithuania Tribune. January 23, 2013. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
- ^ "Cpl Charles Dennis Bronson". TogetherWeServed. 2015. Retrieved 2015-03-23.
- ^ "TogetherWeServed - Sgt Charles Dennis Bronson". Airforce.togetherweserved.com. 2015-08-18. Retrieved 2015-08-18.
- ^ a b c d e Michael R.Pitts (1999). Charles Bronson: the 95 films and the 156 television appearances. McFarland & Co. p. 1. ISBN 0-7864-0601-1.
- ^ Aaker, Everet (2006). Encyclopedia of early television crime fighters: all regular cast members in American crime and mystery series, 1948-1959. McFarland. p. 80. ISBN 0-7864-2476-1.
- ^ "Charles Bronson, Actor". Retrieved 2009-04-25.
- ^ "Hollywood star Bronson dies". BBC News. September 1, 2003. Retrieved 2009-04-25.
- ^ "Action film star Charles Bronson dead at 81". USA Today. 2003-08-31. Retrieved 2009-04-25.
- ^ "US movie legend Bronson is dead". The Scotsman. Edinburgh. 2003-09-01. Retrieved 2009-04-21.
- ^ "Charles Bronson". Retrieved 17 August 2013.
- ^ Michael R. Pitts (1999). Charles Bronson: the 95 films and the 156 television appearances. McFarland & Co. p. 1. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
- ^ a b Ebert, Roger. "Charles Bronson: "It's just that I don't like to talk very much."". Roger Ebert Interviews. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
- ^ "Biography for Charles Bronson". IMDb. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
- ^ Richard Severo (September 1, 2003). "Charles Bronson, 81, Dies; Muscular Movie Tough Guy". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
- ^ The dress story has been repeated in Celebrity Setbacks: 800 Stars who Overcame the Odds by Ed Lucaire (ISBN 0-671-85031-8) and in an edition of Ripley's Believe It or Not!.
- ^ "TogetherWeServed - Sgt Charles Dennis Bronson". Airforce.togetherweserved.com. 2015-08-18. Retrieved 2015-08-18.
- ^ "Corrections". nytimes.com. September 18, 2003. Retrieved 2010-04-28.
- ^ "famous veterans Charles Bronson". military.com. Dec 12, 2013. Retrieved 2013-12-11.
- ^ Charles Bronson (I) - Biography IMDb
- ^ Young Gun, ctva.biz, retrieved December 22, 2012
- ^ "Man With a Camera". TV.com. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
- ^ ""Zigzag", next-to-the last episode, December 26, 1960". Internet Movie Data Base. Retrieved February 21, 2013.
- ^ Exclusive interview with Eli Wallach
- ^ "Stagecoach to tombstone: the filmgoers' guide to the great westerns". I.B. Tauris, 2008; ISBN 1-84511-571-6/ISBN 978-1-84511-571-5
- ^ Владимир Иванович Новиков/V.I. Novikov "Высоцкий/Vysotskiĭ". Moscow: Molodaia gvardiia, 2002; ISBN 5-235-02541-5/ISBN 978-5-235-02541-7
- ^ "Живая жизнь/Živaja žizn: štrichi k biografii Vladimira Vysockogo". Moscow: "Московский рабочий/Moskovskij rabočij", т. 1, 1988; ISBN 5-239-00483-8/ISBN 978-5-239-00483-8 (Russian)
- ^ D'Ambrosio, Brian (2012). Menacing Face Worth Millions: A Life of Charles Bronson. Raleigh, NC: Lulu. p. 123. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
- ^ Hughes, Howard (2006). Filmgoers' guide to the great crime movies. I.B. Tauris. p. xx. ISBN 1-84511-219-9.
- ^ Charles Bronson Documentary, Biography Channel.
- ^ "Action film star Charles Bronson dead at 81". USA Today. 2003-09-01. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
- ^ Yarrow, Andrew L. (1990-05-19). "Jill Ireland, Actress, 54, Is Dead; Wrote of Her Fight With Cancer". nytimes.com. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
External links
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- 1921 births
- 2003 deaths
- 20th-century American male actors
- Male actors from Pennsylvania
- American male film actors
- American male television actors
- American military personnel of World War II
- American people of Lithuanian descent
- American people of Polish descent
- Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
- Deaths from pneumonia
- Infectious disease deaths in California
- People from Cambria County, Pennsylvania
- People from Malibu, California
- Recipients of the Purple Heart medal
- Male Spaghetti Western actors
- United States Army Air Forces soldiers
- Male Western (genre) film actors
- California Democrats
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