1922 Dutch general election
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![Azure, billetty Or a lion with a coronet Or armed and langued Gules holding in his dexter paw a sword Argent hilted Or and in the sinister paw seven arrows Argent pointed and bound together Or. [The seven arrows stand for the seven provinces of the Union of Utrecht.] The shield is crowned with the (Dutch) royal crown and supported by two lions Or armed and langued gules. They stand on a scroll Azure with the text (Or) "Je Maintiendrai" (French for "I will maintain".)](/wiki/File:State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg) |
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General elections were held in the Netherlands on 5 July 1922.[1] They were the first elections held under universal suffrage, which became reality after the acceptance of a proposal by Henri Marchant in 1919 that gave women full voting rights.[2] Almost all major parties had a woman elected. The number of female representatives increased from one to seven. Only the Anti-Revolutionary Party principally excluded women from the House of Representatives. Another amendment to the electoral law increased the electoral threshold from 0.5% to 0.75%,[3] after six parties had won seats with less than 0.75% of the vote in the previous elections.
The General League of Roman Catholic Caucuses remained the largest party, increasing from 30 to 32 seats, whilst the Anti-Revolutionary Party increased from 13 to 16 seats, and the Christian Historical Union went from 7 to 11 seats.[4] The right-wing Christian Democratic Party and the Christian Social Party both lost their sole seats, disappearing from the House, while the Reformed Political Party (SGP) won a seat. The SGP, an orthodox Protestant party established in 1918, was opposed to the co-operation of the Protestant ARP and CHU with the Catholics.
The Social Democratic Workers' Party lost two seats,[4] whilst left-wing splinter parties also suffered losses, and went from four to two seats.
Several liberal groups had merged in 1921 to form the Liberal State Party, but lost further seats as they were reduced from fifteen to only ten. However, a new Liberal Party led by the 85-year-old Samuel van Houten, won a seat. Van Houten himself did not take the seat, which was instead occupied by his representative, Lizzy van Dorp.
The Free-thinking Democratic League maintained, against most expectations, their five seats, whilst of the remaining splinter parties, only the Peasants' League was able to survive, rising from one to two seats.
After a relatively short formation, the second Ruijs de Beerenbrouck cabinet was formed, with largely the same composition as the previous one.
Results
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General League of Roman Catholic Caucuses | 874,745 | 29.9 | 32 | +2 |
| Social Democratic Workers' Party | 567,769 | 19.4 | 20 | –2 |
| Anti-Revolutionary Party | 402,277 | 13.7 | 16 | +3 |
| Christian Historical Union | 318,669 | 10.9 | 11 | +4 |
| Liberal State Party | 271,358 | 9.3 | 10 | New |
| Free-thinking Democratic League | 134,595 | 4.6 | 5 | 0 |
| Communist Party Holland | 53,664 | 1.8 | 2 | 0 |
| Farmers' League Left | 36,668 | 1.3 | 2 | +1 |
| Reformed Political Party | 26,744 | 0.9 | 1 | +1 |
| Liberal Party | 18,124 | 0.6 | 1 | New |
| General Dutch Women's Organisation | 224,956 | 7.7 | 0 | New |
| Austerity League | 0 | New | ||
| Christian Democratic Union | 0 | New | ||
| Christian Social Party | 0 | –1 | ||
| Democratic Party | 0 | New | ||
| Braam Group | 0 | 0 | ||
| Van der Zwaag Group | 0 | 0 | ||
| Land Party | 0 | New | ||
| Hervormd Gereformeerde Staatspartij | 0 | New | ||
| Homeowners' Party | 0 | New | ||
| Kiesvereniging Algemeen Belang | 0 | New | ||
| Small Middle Class Party | 0 | New | ||
| Artists' Party | 0 | New | ||
| Bleeker List | 0 | New | ||
| Brinkman List | 0 | New | ||
| Busch List | 0 | New | ||
| Coppenolle List | 0 | New | ||
| De Ruiter List | 0 | New | ||
| Groenendaal List | 0 | New | ||
| Schouten List | 0 | New | ||
| Van der Werf List | 0 | New | ||
| Verweij List | 0 | New | ||
| Doctor Lists | 0 | New | ||
| Dutch League for Taxpayers | 0 | New | ||
| Middle Class Neutral Bloc | 0 | New | ||
| New Catholic Party | 0 | New | ||
| Independent Party | 0 | New | ||
| Party for Pension Interests | 0 | New | ||
| Patricians' League | 0 | New | ||
| Farmers' League Right | 0 | 0 | ||
| Protestant People's Party | 0 | New | ||
| Rural Party | 0 | New | ||
| Rapaille Partij | 0 | New | ||
| Revolutionary Party | 0 | New | ||
| Socialist Party | 0 | –1 | ||
| Patriotic Party | 0 | New | ||
| People's Welfare Party | 0 | 0 | ||
| Free-thinkers Free Middle Class Party | 0 | New | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | – | – | – | |
| Total | 2,929,569 | 100 | 100 | 0 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 3,299,672 | – | – | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | ||||
References
- ^ Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1395 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
- ^ 1922 parliamentary election campaign University of Gronigen
- ^ Nohlen & Stöver, p1385
- ^ a b Nohlen & Stöver, p1412
