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Enborne

Coordinates: 51°22′59″N 1°21′58″W / 51.383°N 1.366°W / 51.383; -1.366
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Enborne
Village and civil parish
St Michael's Church, Enborne
Enborne is located in Berkshire
Enborne
Enborne
Location within Berkshire
Area8.85 km2 (3.42 sq mi)
Population735 (2011 census)[1]
• Density83/km2 (210/sq mi)
OS grid referenceSU4365
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townNEWBURY
Postcode districtRG20, RG14
Dialling code01635
PoliceThames Valley
FireRoyal Berkshire
AmbulanceSouth Central
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Berkshire
51°22′59″N 1°21′58″W / 51.383°N 1.366°W / 51.383; -1.366

Enborne is a village and civil parish, in West Berkshire, England. The River Enborne shares its name, although it does not run through the village; rather, it runs through and rises near the nearby village of Enborne Row. The village name has had many variant spellings in the past, including Anebourne in 1086, as well as Enbourne, Enborn and Enbourn in the last 200 years.

Settlements

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The parish lies immediately west of Newbury in West Berkshire, and contains the settlements of Redhill, Crockham Heath, Skinner's Green, Wheatlands Lane, Enborne Row and Wash Water. There is no main population centre; the settlements are scattered. It lost some of its eastern land to Newbury's 20th century expansion.

Boundaries

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The River Enborne marks the southern boundary of the parish, where Berkshire joins Hampshire. The northern boundary is the railway line. Newbury lies to the east, and the parish of Hamstead Marshall to the west. The Kennet & Avon Canal passes across the northern end of the parish, together with the River Kennet.

Agriculture

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The parish has always been, and still is, mostly agricultural in character, with substantial woodland and private parkland. However, in recent years, many of Enborne's former farmsteads have been redeveloped into housing.

Geography

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Enborne has a site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) just to the east of the village, called Enborne Copse and another to the south called Avery's Pightle.[2][3]

Reddings Copse

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Early records show, that at one time, up to at least 16 acres of Reddings copse in East Enborne, was held by the family of the barons de Pinkney and was granted by them to William de Clervaux or Nicholas Aufryke.[4] By the middle of the thirteenth century De Clervaux had granted his lands in East Enborne to the Prior of Sandleford, Berkshire who also acquired the lands held by Aufryke. Reddings copse belonged to one or other of these.[5] Sandleford Priory had it until the priory's property was taken over by the Dean and Canons of Windsor of St George's Chapel in the fifteenth century. Various records of the sale of woods or lease of Readings Coppice survive which indicate tenants between 1585 and 1748. In the nineteenth century a railway in a deep cutting was built through its heart and in 1996 the by then disused railway was replaced by a wider four-lane motorway with lay-bys.

  • 19 February 1585.[6] Sale by the Dean and Canons of Windsor, to Thomas Dannett of Boveney,[7] Buckinghamshire, esquire, and John Kempe of East Enborne, yeoman, for £33 6s 8d, of 16 acres in Readinges Coppice, to cut (under certain conditions) and carry away before 1 July 1586, and leave what the law requires.
  • 4 November 1618.[8] Lease by the Dean and Canons of Windsor, to John Dean of Sandleford, gentleman, of Reddings coppice and a close lately planted with underwood, for 21 years at £4. With Bond for £30 to hold the Dean and Canons of Windsor harmless against Robert Deale of Henwick, Elizabeth his wife and John Deale junior, his son. Another bond for £20. Counterpart. Witnesses: Robert Boswell, William Brofarton.
  • 16 March 1624.[9] Renewal of lease of Reddings Coppice, by the Dean and Canons of Windsor, to John Dean of Sandleford, gentleman, of Reddings coppice and a close lately planted with underwood, for 21 years at £4. Witnesses: William Here, John Combes.
  • 28 July 1663.[10] Lease by the Dean and Canons of Windsor, to John Seely of (Newbery) Newbury, woolen draper, of Reddings coppice and a close lately planted with underwood. Witnesses: Francis Ridley, William Isaacks, Thomas Monck.
  • 10 May 1670.[11] Renewal of lease of Reddings Coppice by the Dean and Canons of Windsor, to John Seely [died 1678] of Newbury,[12] woolen draper, of Reddings coppice and a close lately planted with underwood.
  • 18 December 1685.[13] Lease of Reddings Coppice by the Dean and Canons of Windsor, to Eleanor Seely of Greenham, Berkshire, widow, of Reddings coppice and a close lately planted with underwood. Endorsed with her surrender 23 June 1690 for a new lease to John Edmunds of Newbury, gentleman. Counterpart. Witnesses to lease: Ellenor [Eleanor] Sealy, William Baron, Joseph Guy, William Shower. Witnesses to the endorsement: Seth Lyferd, No. Starling, John Foster, Thomas Jemmell.
  • 12 July 1705[14] Lease of Reddings Coppice by the Dean and Canons of Windsor, to Benjamin Edmunds of the City of London, merchant. Counterpart. Witnesses: Benjamin Avery, Richard Avery, Richard Holmes junior.
  • 25 May 1720.[15] Lease of Reddings Coppice by the Dean and Canons of Windsor, to Jane Edmonds of Clapham, widow, sole executrix of Benjamin Edmunds, for £4, no beasts or cattle to be put in but calves and colts only. Counterpart. Witnesses: John Godwin, John Perry.
  • 6 March 1748.[16] Renewal of lease of Reddings Coppice by the Dean and Canons of Windsor, to Jane Edmonds, widow. Counterpart. Witnesses: George North, at Merchant Taylors' Hall, London, William Bateson, his clerk.
  • Report from Mr Chamber as to Sandleford, let to Mr Montague, Overtons and Redding Coppice to Mrs Edmonds, and Court lands in Enborne, and copyhold land in Pamber called Hop gillons.[17]

Transport

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Enborne is served by service 13 from Hungerford to Newbury.[18] Enborne has never had a railway station but the now-closed Woodhay was closer than Newbury's, 2 miles (3.2 km) away today. From the 1880s to the 1960s Enborne Junction marked the forking off of the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway from the Berkshire and Hampshire Line of the Great Western Railway. The route of the disused DN&SR line became much of the Newbury bypass (A34). The protest against the building of the by-pass in the late 1990s was technically in the parish.

Notable buildings

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Enborne's parish church is of 12th-century origin, dedicated to St Michael and All Angels, it is a Grade I listed building.[19] There is a Church of England primary school, founded in the 1820s. There is also a pub, the Craven Arms, which certainly dates back to the early 18th century and probably much earlier.[20]

History

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Robin Hood

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  • Robin Hood, William Robehod, aka Robert le Fevre,[21] from Enborne in Berkshire. Hood was indicted for various things, 1261–62, took flight, outlawed, and his chattels taken without warrant by the prior of Sandleford. Easter 1262 the prior was excused a fine by the king for having confiscated Hood's chattels. One of the Henry III rolls of Easter 1262, reads:

Demography

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2011 Published Statistics: Population, home ownership and extracts from Physical Environment, surveyed in 2005[1]
Output area Homes owned outright Owned with a loan Socially rented Privately rented Other Usual residents km2
Civil parish 94 105 25 33 2 735 8.85

References

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  1. ^ a b "Key Statistics: Dwellings; Quick Statistics: Population Density; Physical Environment: Land Use Survey 2005". Archived from the original on 11 February 2003. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  2. ^ "Magic Map Application". Magic.defra.gov.uk. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
  3. ^ "Magic Map Application". Magic.defra.gov.uk. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  4. ^ A History of the County of Berkshire, Volume 4. Victoria County History, London, 1924.
  5. ^ Testa de Nevill (Rec. Com.), 109 and 126, and Chan. Inq. Misc. file 147, no. 2.
  6. ^ SGC XV.51.11
  7. ^ Son of Gerard, squire of the Household to Henry VIII, and brother of Sir John Dannett. Probably related to Thomas Dannet, Dean of Windsor, 1481 (died 1483).
  8. ^ SGC XV.51.12
  9. ^ SGC XV.51.13
  10. ^ SGC XV.51.14
  11. ^ SGC XV.51.15
  12. ^ PCC will, PROB 11/356/56.
  13. ^ SGC XV.51.17
  14. ^ SGC XV.51.20
  15. ^ SGC XV.51.22
  16. ^ SGC XV.51.26
  17. ^ SGC XV.51.57
  18. ^ Bus service 13[permanent dead link] Heyfordian Travel
  19. ^ Historic England (5 April 1967). "Parish church of St Michael (Grade I) (1220252)". National Heritage List for England.
  20. ^ Stokes, Penelope (2011). Enborne and Wash Common. Newbury: author. ISBN 978-0-9528339-2-5.
  21. ^ ODNB
  22. ^ E159/36, M.7d, KB Memorandum Roll 45–46 Henry III, Easter communia.
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Media related to Enborne at Wikimedia Commons

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