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Enedina Arellano Félix

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Enedina Arellano Félix
Born (1961-04-12) April 12, 1961 (age 63)
Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
Other namesLa Jefa
La Madrina
La Narcomami
OccupationTijuana Cartel drug lord
PredecessorEduardo Arellano Félix
Criminal charge(s)Drug trafficking,
money laundering
Criminal statusFugitive
SpouseLuis Raúl Toledo Carrejo
Relatives
List

Enedina Arellano Félix de Toledo (born April 12, 1961)[1] is a Mexican drug lord who leads the criminal organization known as the Tijuana Cartel.

Throughout most of the 1990s, the Tijuana Cartel was headed by her six brothers, while Enedina advised and helped them in money laundering and financial administration. But after the fall of a financial mastermind in the cartel in the year 2000, Enedina took up the position.[2] According to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Enedina is the world's first female drug lord; she first started working behind the scenes as a money launderer for the Tijuana Cartel but then led the cartel after the arrest of her brother Eduardo Arellano Félix in 2008.[3][4]

Since most of her brothers are now either arrested or killed, Enedina has managed the financial aspect of the organization, overseen alliances, and taken the lead of the Tijuana Cartel alongside Luis Fernando (before his capture in 2014).[3] Her historical contacts with drug suppliers in Colombia managed to keep the organization afloat.[5]

Early life

Enedina Arellano Félix was born in Mazatlán, Sinaloa on April 12, 1961 in a family of drug traffickers.[6] In 1977, when she was seventeen, Enedina harbored her dream of becoming the queen of a carnival in Mazatlán, but she abandoned it after her two brothers, Ramón and Benjamín, were wanted by the United States and the Mexican government. During that time, her older brothers were working for Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo, who would eventually give them the drug corridor in Tijuana, Baja California.[7]

Criminal career

Graduating with a bachelor's degree in Design.[7] By the mid 1980s, Enedina was working with the family business, but was never considered by the authorities as a visible head in the Tijuana Cartel. Nonetheless, after the fall of the former cartel's financial brain, Jesús Labra Avilés, alias El Chuy, in the year 2000, Enedina began to directly manage the money laundering activities of the criminal organization.[2]

Family members in the Tijuana Cartel

Enedina is the sister of former cartel leaders Benjamín, Carlos, Eduardo, Francisco Javier, Francisco Rafael and Ramón.[3] Luis Fernando Sánchez Arellano captured in 2014, the son of Enedina, [8] Enedina's husband, Luis Raúl Toledo Carrejo, was accused by the United States Department of Treasury in the year 2005 for having links with the Tijuana Cartel.[9] Alicia Arellano Félix, the sister of Enedina, is currently a leader in the Tijuana Cartel.[10]

Cartel workings

Since the apprehension of Benjamín Arellano Félix in 2002, the Mexican government was able to severely undermine the Tijuana Cartel but failed to destroy it. Enedina has been a leader in the organization since 2003.[11] After the arrest of Eduardo Arellano Félix in 2008, Enedina finally became the leader of the Tijuana clan along with her son.[4]

Enedina has helped contribute a more "business-like vision" instead of the old and violent practices of her brothers, who previously led the Tijuana Cartel before they were arrested or killed.[12] She forged alliances with other criminal organizations, as opposed to her brothers, who often resorted to violence.[6] The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Mexican media identify Enedina as the first and one of the few women to lead a criminal organization in the world other than Sandra Avila Beltran in Mexico, activities historically reserved for men.[2][13]

Enedina has several aliases, including: La Jefa, La Madrina, and La Narcomami. The authorities in the United States and Mexico consider Enedina the "financial brains" of the Tijuana Cartel.[3][14]

Kingpin Act

In June 2000, the United States Department of the Treasury sanctioned Enedina under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Arellano Felix Organization: Tier II Designations". Office of Foreign Assets Control. United States Department of Treasury. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b c Ravelo, Ricardo (30 April 2011). "Enedina Arellano Félix, la primera jefa narca". Proceso (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b c d Wilson, Simone (3 September 2011). "Enedina Arellano Felix: Meet Mexico's First Female Drug Lord (Hot)". LA Weekly. Archived from the original on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ a b Vulliamy 2010, p. 26.
  5. ^ Dudley, Steven (3 May 2011). "Who Controls Tijuana?". InSight Crime. Archived from the original on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ a b Santamaría, Arturo (2012). Las jefas del narco. Grijalbo. ISBN 6073109393.
  7. ^ a b Ravelo, Ricardo (1 May 2011). "Enedina, La Jefa". El Diario de Coahuila (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Ramsey, Geoffrey (14 September 2012). "Woman to Head Gulf Cartel After 'El Coss' Capture: Reports". InSight Crime. Archived from the original on 15 September 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Otero, Silvia (19 August 2006). "La PGR busca desmantelar red de "lavado" de los Arellano". El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Castillo, Gustavo (1 September 2012). "Extraditan a Eduardo Arellano Félix a EU". La Jornada (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Dávila, Patricia (7 January 2012). "Tijuana, todavía plaza de los Arellano". Proceso (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Hernández Tripp, Carolina. "Mujeres en el crimen". Zeta (magazine) (in Spanish). Choix Editores. Archived from the original on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ Harris, Paul (11 August 2012). "Fascinated US awaits trial of Mexican drug cartel's 'Queen of the Pacific'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ "Tijuana cartel member arrested in Mexico". Fox News. 3 June 2012. Archived from the original on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ "An overview of the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act and Executive Order 12978 of October 21, 1995". Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Treasury. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

Bibliography

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