Generic you
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In English grammar and in particular in casual English, generic you, impersonal you or indefinite you is the pronoun you in its use in referring to an unspecified person, as opposed to its use as the second person pronoun.
In English
The generic you is primarily used as a colloquial or less formal substitute for one.[1][2] For instance,
- "Brushing one's teeth is healthy."
can be expressed less formally as
- "Brushing your teeth is healthy."
Analogs in other languages
Second-person pronouns and structures are often used generically in other languages as well. Many languages have more than one second-person pronoun. In some languages this is due to a distinction between formal and informal pronouns (informal pronouns typically being used with family and close friends, and formal pronouns typically being used with social superiors and new acquaintances, though the line between these depends on the language; see T-V distinction). In other cases the presence of more than one second-person pronoun is due to a distinction between singular and plural or masculine and feminine. The rules for selecting a generic second-person pronoun may differ from the rules for selecting an ordinary second-person pronoun. Russian, for example, has a pronoun ты, used as an informal singular, and a pronoun Вы, used as a plural and as a formal singular; but only ты is used generically, such that ты may be used generically in the same sentence as a Вы being used as a literal second-person pronoun. Similarly, in Darija (Arabic as spoken in the Maghreb), there are two distinct singular second-person pronouns, one masculine (used when addressing a man) and one feminine (used when addressing a woman); but when used as generic pronouns, the speaker uses the pronoun with the gender corresponding to his or her own sex, rather than that of the person he or she is addressing.[3]
On the other hand, in situations in which the generic you is used in English, diverse ways of expressing the same idea are used in a number of languages. German speakers, for example, use man as the generic pronoun, conjugated as third person. (Man darf einen Wagen kaufen./You may buy a car.)[4] In Dutch, the similar men and the generic je are used.[5] In Japanese, the sentence structure may make a patient of an action, or even an action itself, the topic of a sentence.
In Middle English, the pronoun you was used strictly for the second person plural. When the pronouns thou and ye fell out of common use you assumed their roles. Though many prescriptive grammarians[who?] disagree with the acquisition of new meaning, many feel it has become so widespread, and lacking an alternative (other than the generic one) that it may be considered standard usage.[citation needed]
See also
- Disputed English grammar
- English personal pronouns
- Gender-neutral pronouns
- Generic antecedents
- One (pronoun)
- Singular they
- Y'all
References
- ^ Huddleston, Rodney; Pullum, Geoffrey (2002). The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 1467. ISBN 0-521-43146-8.
- ^ Quirk, Randolph; Greenbaum, Sidney; Leech, Geoffrey; Svartvik, Jan (1985). A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Harlow: Longman. p. 354. ISBN 978-0-582-51734-9.
- ^ Souag, Lameen. Jabal al-Lughat: Impersonal vs. personal "you". Blog entry, posted 2007 September 9; accessed 2007 October 2.
- ^ A note on that: Besides man (by no means replacing it) German can also use du for the same purpose; there is even a rule that it must then remain uncapitalized.
- ^ In Dutch football language, generic je is often used for I, it is common to hear footballers speaking about themselves as je.
Further reading
- Merriam Webster's Dictionary of English Usage (E. Ward Gilman, ed.) Merriam-Webster, 1993. ISBN 0-87779-132-5