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Hamont-Achel dialect

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Hamont dialect
Native toBelgium
RegionHamont-Achel
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
GlottologNone

Hamont dialect or Hamont Limburgish is the city dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Belgian city of Hamont (a part of Hamont-Achel) alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible).[1]

Phonology

Main article: Hamont dialect phonology

Consonants

Consonant phonemes[1]
Labial Alveolar Postalveolar Dorsal Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive voiceless p t k
voiced b d
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ x
voiced v z ʒ ɣ ɦ
Trill ʀ
Approximant β l j
  • Voiceless consonants are regressively assimilated.[2] An example of this is the past tense of regular verbs, where voiceless stops and fricatives are voiced before the past tense morpheme [də].[2]
  • Word-final voiceless consonants are voiced in intervocalic position.[2]

Vowels

Monophthongs of the Hamont dialect, from Verhoeven (2007:221). Note that the unstressed vowel /ə/ is not shown, and that phonetically, short /y/ is more like [ʏ] than [y]. This is not reflected on this vowel chart.[3]
File:Hamont Limburgish diphthongs chart.svg
Closing diphthongs of the Hamont dialect, from Verhoeven (2007:221)
Centering diphthongs of the Hamont dialect, from Verhoeven (2007:221)
Monophthong phonemes[4]
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
short long short long short long short long
Close i iː y yː u uː
Close-mid ɪ eː øː ʏ oː
Open-mid ɛ ɛː œ œː ə ɔ ɔː
Open æ æː aː ɑ ɑː
  • Verhoeven (2007) does not consider /ɪ/–/eː/ to be a short–long pair.[5] They have nevertheless been placed in the table in that manner to save space. The same applies to the phonetically mid vowel /ə/, which has been placed in the open-mid column.
  • Phonetically, /y/ is near-close near-front [ʏ], /ɪ/ is close-mid front [e], /ʏ/ is close-mid central [ɵ], /æ, æː/ are open front [a, aː], whereas /aː/ is open central [äː].[3]
  • Among the central vowels, /ʏ/ is rounded, whereas /ə, aː/ are unrounded.
    • /ə/ occurs only in unstressed syllables.[2]
  • Among the back vowels, /u, uː, oː, ɔ, ɔː/ are rounded, whereas /ɑ, ɑː/ are unrounded.
Diphthong phonemes[6]
Starting point Ending point
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
short long short long short short long
Close long unrounded iːə
long rounded yːə uːə
Mid short ɛi ɛiː œy œyː ɔu ɔuː
long oːə ɔːə
Open short ɑu ɑuː

Prosody

Like most other Limburgish dialects, but unlike some other dialects in this area,[7][8] the prosody of the Hamont dialect has a lexical tone distinction, which is traditionally referred to as sleeptoon ('dragging tone') or Accent 1 and stoottoon ('push tone') or Accent 2.[9]

References

  1. ^ a b c Verhoeven (2007), p. 219.
  2. ^ a b c d Verhoeven (2007), p. 220.
  3. ^ a b Verhoeven (2007), p. 221.
  4. ^ Verhoeven (2007), pp. 220–222.
  5. ^ Verhoeven (2007), p. 222.
  6. ^ Verhoeven (2007), pp. 221–222.
  7. ^ Schouten & Peeters (1996).
  8. ^ Heijmans & Gussenhoven (1998), p. 111.
  9. ^ Verhoeven (2007), pp. 219, 223.

Bibliography

  • Heijmans, Linda; Gussenhoven, Carlos (1998), "The Dutch dialect of Weert" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 28: 107–112, doi:10.1017/S0025100300006307
  • Schouten, Bert; Peeters, Wim (1996), "The Middle High German vowel shift, measured acoustically in Dutch and Belgian Limburg: diphthongization of short vowels.", Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik, 63: 30–48, JSTOR 40504077
  • Verhoeven, Jo (2007), "The Belgian Limburg dialect of Hamont", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (2): 219–225, doi:10.1017/S0025100307002940
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