House of Oldenburg
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| House of Oldenburg | |
|---|---|
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| Country | Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, Russian Empire, Kingdom of Denmark, Kingdom of Norway, Kingdom of Sweden, Kingdom of Greece, Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein |
| Founded | 1448 |
| Founder | Elimar I, Count of Oldenburg |
| Current head | Christoph, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein |
| Final ruler | Russia: Nicholas II of Russia (1894–1917)
Sweden: Charles XIII of Sweden (1809–18)
Oldenburg: Friedrich August II (1900–18)
Saxe-Lauenburg: Christian IX (1864)
Schleswig-Holstein: Christian IX (1864)
Augustenborg: Albert (1921–31) |
| Titles | |
| Estate(s) | Oldenburg, Russia, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Greece, Schleswig-Holstein |
| Deposition | Russia: February Revolution 1917
Sweden: 1818 (line extinct)
Greece: Greek military junta of 1967–1974 1973
Oldenburg: German Revolution of 1918–1919 1918
Saxe-Lauenburg: Second Schleswig War 1864
Schleswig-Holstein: Second Schleswig War 1864
Augustenborg: 1931 (line extinct) |
| Cadet branches | |
The House of Oldenburg is a European royal house of North German origin. It is one of Europe's most influential Royal Houses with branches that rule or have ruled in Denmark, Russia, Greece, Norway, Schleswig, Holstein, Oldenburg and Sweden. The current Queen of Denmark, the King of Norway and the ex-King of Greece as well as consorts of Spain, Greece and the United Kingdom belong to this House.
It rose to prominence when Count Christian I of Oldenburg was elected King of Denmark in 1448, and of Norway in 1450. The house has occupied the Danish throne ever since.
History
Marriages of medieval counts of Oldenburg had paved the way for their heirs to become kings of various Scandinavian kingdoms. Through marriage with a descendant of King Valdemar I of Sweden and of King Eric IV of Denmark, a claim to Sweden and Denmark was staked, since 1350.
At that time, its competitors were the successors of Margaret I of Denmark. In the 15th century, the Oldenburg heir of that claim married Hedwig of Schauenburg, a descendant of Euphemia of Sweden and Norway and also a descendant of Eric V of Denmark. Since descendants better situated in genealogical charts died out, their son Christian (the abovementioned) became the king of all three kingdoms of the whole Kalmar Union. The House of Mecklenburg was its chief competitor regarding the Northern thrones, and other aspirants included the Duke of Lauenburg. Different Oldenburgine branches have reigned in several countries. The House of Oldenburg was briefly poised to claim the thrones of England and Scotland through the marriage of the Stuart Princess Anne (later Queen) to Prince George of Denmark and Norway; however, following the early death of their only heir, Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, the line of succession passed to the House of Hanover.
The head of the house since 1980 is Christoph, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein.[1]
Main line
- Kings of Denmark (1448–1863)
- Kings of Norway (1450–1814)
- Kings of Sweden (1457–64, 1497–1501 and 1520–21)
- Counts, Dukes and Grand Dukes of Oldenburg (1101–1918)
- Dukes of Schleswig and Counts of Holstein (1460–1544)
- Dukes of Schleswig and Holstein ruling only part of the Duchies (1544–1721/1773)
- Dukes of Schleswig (1721–1864) (ruling the entire Duchy)
- Dukes of Holstein (1773–1864, ruling the entire Duchy)
Branches
- Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
- Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp (1544–1739)
- Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov (commonly still called Romanov)
- Holstein-Gottorp (Swedish branch), extinct
- Kings of Sweden (1751–1818)
- King of Norway (1814–18)
- Holstein-Gottorp (Grand ducal branch)
- Dukes, later Grand Dukes of Oldenburg (1773–1918)
- Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, extinct
- claimant Duke of Schleswig-Holstein in 1863
- Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
- Duke of Schleswig-Holstein
- Kings of Denmark (since 1863)
- King of Iceland (1918–44)
- Kings of the Hellenes (1863–1924, 1935–73)
- Kings of Norway (since 1905)
- Although Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, his sons and their children are patrilineally descended from this branch, by declaration of the British monarch, his sons and other descendants bearing the style "Royal Highness" are de jure members of the House of Windsor.[2]
Gallery
-
Founder King Christian I of Denmark (1426-1481) -
The current (2014) head of the House of Oldenburg Christoph of Schleswig-Holstein (*1949) -
Ex-king Constantine II of Greece (*1940) and wife, a princess of Denmark (*1946) -
King Harald V of Norway (*1937) -
Queen Margrethe II of Denmark (*1940) -
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Prince of Greece and Denmark (*1921) -
Queen Sofía of Spain, Princess of Greece and Denmark (*1938)
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See also
- Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, for the minor branches of the House of Oldenburg
- List of rulers of Oldenburg
- List of consorts of Oldenburg
- List of Rulers of Schleswig-Holstein. Contains more information about the partitions of Schleswig and Holstein.
- Coat of arms of Oldenburg
- Armorial of the House of Oldenburg(fr)
- Genealogical Chart of the Danish House of Oldenburg/Oldenborg and Glucksburg/Glucksborg
- Oldenborg Dynasty Family Tree(in Czech).
- List of members of the House of Oldenburg
Footnotes
- ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser XVI. Haus Holstein. C.A. Starke Verlag, 2001, pp.44-50. ISBN 3-7980-0824-8. In German.
- ^ Royal Styles and Titles – 1960 Letters Patent
External links
Media related to House of Oldenburg at Wikimedia Commons
- Marek, Miroslav, The House of Oldenburg, Genealogy.EU, retrieved August 2012
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