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Jews in association football

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There is a long history of Jews in association football, including as "club owners, players, agents, analysts, fans, and directors".[1][2] In Europe before World War Two, "Jews played a prominent part in European football as players, coaches, administrators and patrons, not to mention supporters".[3]

History

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Béla Guttmann as a Hakoah Wien player (1925)

England

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In England, Jewish businessmen helped form the Premier League in 1992.[4]

Tottenham Hotspur has a large proportion of Jewish supporters.[5] Their supporters refer to themselves as "Yids", seen as a derogatory term for Jews. The Metropolitan Police have said they will arrest anyone who uses the term Yid.[6] Their previous three chairmen were Jewish.[7] Leyton Orient (originally Clapton Orient) had Jewish players before the Second World War and continued to field Jewish players regularly up until the 80s, with their time in English top flight in the 60s being funded by two Jewish businessmen.[8]

In September 2010, West Ham United manager, Avram Grant and defender Tal Ben Haim were given permission to be absent from a game against Stoke City so they could celebrate the Jewish festival of Yom Kippur.[9]

In 2011 Rabbi Alex Goldberg was appointed as chairperson for the Football Association's Faith in Football group[10] and attended an anti-discrimination in football summit hosted by the Prime Minister at 10 Downing Street in February 2012.[11] In 2019, he initiated a project that saw the building of a Sukkah in Wembley Stadium, the home of English football.[12] In October 2023, Goldberg resigned from the Faith in Football group following the decision not to light the arch at Wembley Stadium, before upcoming England matches, in blue and white, the colours of the Israeli flag following the Hamas attack on Israel.[13]

In January 2020, Chelsea unveiled a mural by Solomon Souza on an outside wall of the West Stand at their Stamford Bridge stadium. The mural was part of Chelsea's 'Say No to Antisemitism' campaign funded by Jewish club owner Roman Abramovich. Included on the mural were depictions of footballers Julius Hirsch and Árpád Weisz, who were killed at Auschwitz concentration camp, and Ron Jones, a British prisoner of war known as the 'Goalkeeper of Auschwitz'.[14] In 2023, Chief Rabbi, Ephraim Mirvis, led a commemorative service for Hirsch at Stamford Bridge before a Champions League game against Borussia Dortmund. He delivered a prayer of remembrance and lit a yahrzeit candle, marking 80 years since Hirsch was murdered at Auschwitz.[15]

In January 2021, Premier League clubs commemorated Holocaust Memorial Day remembering the six million Jewish men, women and children killed between 1941 and 1945 by the Nazis and their collaborators in The Holocaust.[16]

In November 2021, two West Ham United supporters were arrested and later banned by the club after singing an antisemitic song as a Jewish man in Jewish religious clothing was walking down the aisle of a plane to take his seat on a flight from London Stansted to Belgium where West Ham were playing Genk in the 2021–22 Europa League. The two men were arrested suspicion of hate crimes, on their return to Stansted.[17] The two, from Essex and from Kent, were later charged with causing racially or religiously aggravated harassment, alarm or distress, an offence under section 4A of the Public Order Act. They were bailed to appeared at Chelmsford Magistrates' Court.[18] The court case later collapsed after the CPS could not determine whether the alleged offences took place in British airspace.[19]

Scotland

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In Scotland, Third Lanark was predominantly supported by Jewish supporters due to being in a mostly-Jewish area of Glasgow.[20] When Third Lanark dissolved in the 1960s, some Jewish supporters started to follow Celtic due to contemporary successes.[20] In modern times, many Jewish football fans in the city supported Rangers due to gaining support while at Protestant schools which were more open to Jewish students than Catholic schools. Rangers fans also fly the flag of Israel at matches in response to their Old Firm rivals Celtic using the flag of Palestine.[20] This was despite the Jewish Representative Council of Glasgow asking fans to stop due to the mix of politics and football making some feel uncomfortable.[20]

On 1 September 2023, Israeli footballer, Liel Abada signed a new four-year contract with Celtic having joined the club in July 2021.[21] His career with Celtic was affected by the Israel–Hamas war, as the Celtic's Green Brigade fans group demonstrated their support for Palestine by displaying the Palestinian flag.[22][23] Abada met with Celtic senior management after these displays, which had led to him being criticised in Israel. Celtic issued a statement saying that it was "inappropriate" for the fans to show those messages.[24] Abada, injured when the war started, returned to the team in December.[25] Celtic manager Brendan Rodgers said in February 2024 that it was "challenging" for Abada to produce his best form in the circumstances,[25] and then confirmed that he could leave the club.[26]On 8 March 2024 Abada left Celtic joining Major League Soccer team Charlotte for a reported fee of £8 million.[27]

Netherlands

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AFC Ajax of Amsterdam, like Tottenham Hotspur, has a long history of Jewish support and involvement despite not being an officially Jewish club. The club's former De Meer Stadion was located in the largely Jewish east side of the city. Three club presidents since World War II have been Jewish. Since 1976, some Ajax fans, largely non-Jewish, have dubbed themselves "Super Jews" in response to antisemitic chanting by rivals such as Feyenoord.[28]

On 7 November 2024, supporters of Maccabi Tel Aviv who were in Amsterdam to watch their team play Ajax in the Europa League, were attacked in the streets by people shouting pro-Palestine and anti-semitic and anti-IDF slogans.[29] 62 arrests were made and five people were treated in hospital while others suffered minor injuries. The attackers were condemned by both the King of the Netherlands, Willem-Alexander and the Mayor of Amsterdam, Femke Halsema.[30] In the following days, a further five men, all from the Netherlands, aged between 18 and 37, were arrested on suspicion of "public violence against persons" both before and after the Europa League game. Further condemnation of the violence came form Netherlands Prime Minister, Dick Schoof.[31]

Israel

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The Mandatory Palestine national football team was founded as team representing Mandatory Palestine but only fielded Jewish players and played the Jewish song "Hatikvah" alongside "God Save the King" during their FIFA World Cup qualifiers.[32] In 1948, the governing body changed their name to the Israel Football Association following the establishment of Israel.[33]

Jewish footballers

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Main article: List of Jewish footballers

Modern Jewish footballers have said they want to inspire others.[34] Jewish footballers playing in foreign countries have been allowed to avoid playing on the High Holy Day of Yom Kippur, or remain a substitute until the observance has finished.[35][36]

Jewish clubs

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Main page: Category:Jewish football clubs

References

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  1. ^ "Jews and Soccer: A Complicated Relationship". Haaretz.
  2. ^ Karpen, Elizabeth (7 June 2023). "The untold story of Jews and soccer". Unpacked.
  3. ^ "Jewish footballers in Europe". Apollo Magazine. 25 August 2023.
  4. ^ Judah, Jacob (25 February 2022). "British Jews love soccer. So why are there no Jews in the Premier League?".
  5. ^ "Spurs and the Jews: The how, the why and the when".
  6. ^ Steinberg, Jacob (5 October 2013). "West Ham's David Gold knows the pain fans caused at Tottenham Hotspur". the Guardian. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  7. ^ "What you need to understand about Tottenham and the Y-word". 27 February 2019.
  8. ^ "Revealed: The forgotten Jews of English football".
  9. ^ "Avram Grant and Tal Ben Haim to be absent as West Ham seek first point". the Guardian. 14 September 2010. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  10. ^ "Faith in Football". www.thefa.com. 27 June 2011.
  11. ^ "Cameron discusses Racism and Football". Jewish Chronicle. 23 February 2012.
  12. ^ Cohen, Justin (16 October 2019). "Wembley Stadium hosts succah for the first time!". jewishnews.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  13. ^ Jackson, Siba (13 October 2023). "Israel-Hamas war: Rabbi quits over FA decision to not light up Wembley arch in Israeli colours". Sky News. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  14. ^ "Chelsea unveils mural with Jewish soccer players murdered at Auschwitz". The Jerusalem Post. 20 January 2020.
  15. ^ Silver, Neil; Solicitors), Sewell (8 March 2023). "Chief Rabbi leads service in honour of German Jewish footballer murdered at Auschwitz". Jewish News. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  16. ^ "League and clubs commemorate Holocaust Memorial Day". Premier League Football News, Fixtures, Scores & Results. 28 January 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  17. ^ Fabian, Emanuel; Magid, Jacob (7 November 2021). "West Ham soccer club bans two over antisemitic taunt on plane". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  18. ^ Winspear, Paul (14 March 2022). "Two due in court after West Ham fans' anti-Semitic chanting on Stansted plane". Bishop's Stortford Independent. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  19. ^ Joseph, Anthony (19 July 2022). "West Ham fans spared prosecution for alleged antisemitism due to 'insufficient evidence' over where offence took place". Sky Sports. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  20. ^ a b c d Judah, Jacob. "Why Scotland's fiercest soccer rivalry features Israeli vs. Palestinian flags". www.timesofisrael.com.
  21. ^ "Liel Abada: Celtic winger agrees new four-year deal". www.skysports.com. Sky Sports. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  22. ^ "Celtic fans defy club by showing support for Palestine in Champions League – video". the Guardian. 26 October 2023. ISSN 0261-3077.
  23. ^ O'Hare, Liam. "'We're on the right side of history': Celtic's growing feud over Palestine". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  24. ^ Paton, Ewan (10 October 2023). "Liel Abada 'meets' Celtic board over fans' Palestine display". Glasgow Times. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  25. ^ a b McGarry, Graeme (9 February 2024). "Rodgers on 'challenging' Celtic situation for Abada". The Herald. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  26. ^ "Celtic: Liel Abada loan a possibility - Brendan Rodgers". BBC Sport. 16 February 2024. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  27. ^ "Celtic exit 'not in plans' as Abada joins Charlotte". BBC Sport. 7 March 2024. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  28. ^ Buchheister, Hendrik (4 October 2023). "Football Teams' 'Jewish' Identities Questioned". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  29. ^ Pomeroy, Gabriela (8 November 2024). "'They shouted Jewish, IDF': Israeli football fan describes attack in Amsterdam". BBC News. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
  30. ^ Kirby, Paul (8 November 2024). "Amsterdam: We must not turn blind eye to antisemitism, says Dutch king after attacks on Israeli football fans". BBC News. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  31. ^ Jackson, Patrick (12 November 2024). "Amsterdam: New arrests over violence after Ajax-Maccabi match". BBC News. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  32. ^ "Palestine - International Results - Details".
  33. ^ "A Fractured History of Football in Israel".
  34. ^ Victor, Tom (6 November 2022). "Jewish footballers looking to inspire - "important to see someone is like you"". mirror.
  35. ^ Forsyth, Paul (4 October 2022). "Celtic's Liel Abada set to miss RB Leipzig contest due to beliefs". The Times. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  36. ^ Weich, Ben (20 September 2018). "Hemed stars for QPR after Yom Kippur fast". Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
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