West Ham United F.C. supporters

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

West Ham United supporters
West Ham fans outside Upton Park
Banner for New York City fans of West Ham United
Banner for Hawaiian Hammers
International Supporters' banners

West Ham United F.C. supporters are the followers of the London-based West Ham United Football Club, who were founded as Thames Ironworks in 1895. There are 700,000 fans on the club's database and over 2,300,000 likes on Facebook.[1] The club's website is in the top ten most visited websites for English football clubs by people in the USA.[2] Their fans are also associated with a once-notorious hooligan element[3] and have long-standing rivalries with several other clubs, most notably Millwall.

Demographics[edit]

West Ham have a larger than average number of male fans.[4]

West Ham is the only club in the borough of Newham and a majority of fans in the borough support West Ham.[1] Their home match average attendance over the last six seasons was in excess of 33,000 per season[5] and despite finishing in bottom place in the Premier League for the 2010–11 season, their home attendance averaged 33,426, eleventh highest of all Premier League clubs.[6] Traditionally, West Ham fans are drawn from London (in particular East London) and the home counties, especially Essex; however, there are fans clubs around the world, notably in New York City,[7] Barcelona,[8] Tenerife,[9] Serbia,[10] Australia, New Zealand,[11] and Scandinavia, which has over 800 members.[12]

Songs[edit]

In addition to the usual English football chants, West Ham fans sing "I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles".[13] The song is considered to be the club's anthem.[14] Songs and chants have also been created and sung for players, notably Paolo Di Canio,[15] Christian Dailly,[16] Bobby Zamora,[17] Frank Lampard[17] Pop Robson, Dimitri Payet and Luděk Mikloško[18]

Heroes and villains[edit]

Fans' Favourite, Julian Dicks

West Ham fans have identified several players over the years as being 'fans favourites', notably Paolo Di Canio,[19] Bobby Moore,[20] Julian Dicks[21] and Carlos Tevez.[22]

West Ham fans at White Hart Lane

West Ham fans have also displayed a zeal for abusing former players who are perceived to have abandoned the club, or performed some disservice. Famously Dimitri Payet as well as Paul Ince,[23] Frank Lampard,[24] Jermain Defoe,[25] Craig Bellamy[26] and Nigel Reo-Coker[27] have borne the brunt of verbal abuse and a hostile reception at Upton Park and now London Stadium. However, players such as Joe Cole, Michael Carrick, Rio Ferdinand,[28] Bobby Zamora and Carlos Tévez[29] receive applause and even standing ovations in honour of their contributions for the club.

Rivalries[edit]

Main article: Millwall F.C. and West Ham United F.C. rivalry

West Ham fans' longest-running and deepest rivalry is with Millwall fans[30] with both sets of supporters considering the other as their main rival.[31]

The rivalry between Millwall and West Ham has always been a fierce encounter, from the first meeting – a 'friendly' on 23 September 1897, which the newly formed Thames Ironworks (not yet known as West Ham) lost 2–0 – up until their most recent meeting in a Championship clash in February 2012.

International supporters in 2016

On 17 September 1906 in a Western League game, a particularly ferocious encounter saw one player hurled against a metal advertising board and others being stretchered off following heavy tackles. The East Ham Echo reported: "From the very first kick of the ball it was seen likely to be some trouble, but the storm burst when Dean and Jarvis came into collision (Millwall had two players sent off during the match). This aroused considerable excitement among the spectators. The crowds on the bank having caught the fever, free fights were plentiful."[32]

In 1926 the General Strike was observed by workers in the East End, who were mainly West Ham supporters, but the Millwall-supporting shipyard workers of the Isle of Dogs refused to lend their support, provoking mass outrage.

In 1972, a testimonial for Millwall defender Harry Cripps was marred by intense fighting between the two club's "firms", groups of hooligans intent on violence.

class=notpageimage|
Millwall and West Ham United, separated by the River Thames, are just under 5 miles apart.[33]

Four years later, a Millwall supporter, Ian Pratt, died at New Cross station[34] after falling out of a train during a fight with West Ham fans. Leaflets were later distributed at Millwall's home matches bearing the words: "A West Ham fan must die to avenge him".[35]

During a League Cup game on 25 August 2009, violent clashes transpired between the two sets of supporters' outside Upton Park. Police estimated hundreds of fans were involved. Millwall supporter Alan Baker[36] was stabbed and left fighting for his life.[37][38] The pitch was invaded three times by West Ham supporters, causing play to be suspended.[39] The Football Association charged both clubs, investigated the aftermath and eventually fined West Ham £115,000. They were found to have failed to ensure their fans refrained from violent, threatening, obscene and provocative behaviour and from entering the field of play. Millwall were cleared of all charges.[40]

Violence among fans at matches between the two clubs can become so intense that there have been calls to never again allow games between the two in cup competitions and that any future league games be played behind closed doors.[41]

Matches against other London sides, such as Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur are also derbies and violence has occurred between fans although the rivalry is not as intense as that between West Ham and Millwall.[42][43]

Traditions[edit]

The Boleyn public house on the corner of Green St and Barking Road

West Ham's ground is currently in Stratford, East London. Previously they played at the Boleyn Ground, near the junction of Green Street and the Barking Road in Newham. At the junction is the Boleyn public house, traditionally used by West Ham fans on match days. Visiting fans have been made unwelcome and violence has occurred in this area.[44] Due to its proximity to the ground and its use by West Ham fans, the pub has often been boarded-up before and after games with clubs who have a rivalry with West Ham.[45] West Ham fans also used the Greengate, Wine Bar and Village pubs on Barking Road and the Duke of Edinburgh pub at the junction of Green Street and Plashet Grove.[46]

Fanzines[edit]

Starting in the late 1980s there have been many fanzines aimed at West Ham fans. These have included The Cockney Pride, The EastEnd Connection, The Loyal Supporter, UTD United, The Boleyn Scorcher, Never Mind the Boleyn, Forever Blowing Bubbles, Ultimate Truth, We Ate All the Pies, Fortunes Always Hiding, The Ultimate Dream, On a Mission From God, The Water in Majorca, On the Terraces and Over Land and Sea. Only the last of these is still in publication.[47]

Racism, violence and hooliganism[edit]

Certain factions of West Ham's supporters have a tradition of violence and hooliganism.[44] Their former ground, Upton Park, has also witnessed racism amongst fans and here football hooliganism originated amongst bovver boys in the 1960s.[48] Sympathisers of the National Front handed out National Front leaflets outside Upton Park, particularly following the launch of the National Front youth newspaper Bulldog in 1977, and successfully sold club memorabilia carrying 'NF' slogans and motifs.[49]

West Ham fan with tattoo
T-shirt with Mafia slogan

The origins of West Ham's links with organised football-related violence started in the 1960s with the establishment of The Mile End Mob (named after a particularly tough area of the East End of London).[48]

During the 1970s and 1980s (the main era for organised football-related violence), West Ham gained further notoriety for the levels of hooliganism in their fan base and antagonistic behaviour towards both their own and rival fans, and the police. During the 1970s in particular, rival groups of West Ham fans from neighbouring areas (most often groups from the districts of Barking and Dagenham) often fought each other at games.

In 1980 the club were forced to play their Cup Winners Cup game against Castilla behind closed doors to an empty ground after fans rioted at the away leg of the tie in the Bernabeu.[50] In 1985, five fans were stabbed on a cross-channel ferry to France after fighting involving fans of West Ham, Manchester United and Everton.[51]

In 2006, twenty West Ham fans appeared in an Italian court following their arrest after fights with rival supporters in Sicily before and after West Ham's game against Palermo in the away leg of their 2006–07 UEFA Cup game. At the home leg fans had bought T-shirts bearing the slogan "the Mafia" – a reference to Sicily being the home of the Cosa Nostra. This was seen as antagonistic by Palermo fans. Six West Ham fans, six police officers and five locals suffered minor injuries in fighting in Sicily. Rival fans threw bottles and chairs in the city's Teatro Massimo district. 500 people were involved in the brawl and police officers were attacked. It took police in riot gear more than an hour to bring the violence under control. An eyewitness said, "West Ham fans behaved like animals, roaming the streets, bottles in hand searching for anyone to fight".[52] More than 2,500 West Ham fans travelled to Palermo for the game.[53]

Inter City Firm[edit]

Main article: Inter City Firm

Mainly active in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, West Ham fans formed the Inter City Firm ('ICF'), an English football hooligan firm associated with the club. They were one of the most feared hooligan 'firms'.[54] The name came from the use of InterCity trains for away games.[55] The ICF were one of the first "casuals", so called because they avoided police supervision by not wearing football-related clothing. Fans' violent activities were not confined to local derbies – the hooligans were content to cause trouble at any game, though nearby teams often bore the brunt. During the 1990s, and to the present day, sophisticated surveillance and policing, coupled with club-supported promotions and community action, have reduced the level of violence, although the rivalry with Millwall, Tottenham Hotspur and Chelsea remains.

Protest and pitch invasions[edit]

West Ham fans have taken part in pitch invasions and protests against the club's board of directors and their perceived financial mismanagement, after poor performances on the pitch or to show disapproval at the sale or purchase of players such as Lee Bowyer.[56][57][58] Other notable pitch invasions took place in the 1990s against West Ham's launch of The Hammer's Bond, a debenture which would have forced fans into the purchase of a bond before they could buy a season ticket.[57] In 1992, a post-match demonstration by fans against the scheme and new managing director, Peter Storrie, before a home game against Wimbledon was followed by pitch invasions in home games against Everton and Arsenal. The West Ham board of directors were influenced by the fans' protest and announced that the purchase of a bond would no longer be required in order to buy a season ticket.[59] Of 19,301 bonds originally available less than 1,000 were sold.[60]

Mass protests also took place at West Ham's home game against Burnley in 2018 to protest against the lack of investment from the board. 4 fans entered the pitch during play, one of whom carried the corner flag to the centre circle, and roughly 200 fans gathered around the directors box, aiming their anger at the joint chairmen David Sullivan and David Gold, both of whom were later escorted away.[61] During the 2019–20 season, 900 supporters protested against the club's board ahead of a 1–1 draw against Everton. On 29 February 2020, 2,500 supporters staged a protest march along the Greenway in Newham, once again protesting against Sullivan, Gold and Karren Brady's ownership of the club.[62]

West Ham won the UEFA Europa Conference League final against Fiorentina at the Fortuna Arena in Prague.[63][64]

After the game Fiorentina president, Rocco Commisso described West Ham as treating Fiorentina players "like animals" after Luka Jović came off at half-time with a broken nose and Cristiano Biraghi received a bloodied face after being hit by an object thrown by West Ham supporters.[65] UEFA later charged both clubs with "throwing of objects" with West Ham being charged with "invasion of the field of play" and Fiorentina being charged with the "lighting of fireworks".[66] West Ham supporters were banned from attending the club's first away fixture of their 2023-24 Europa League campaign. The club was also fined €50,000 after supporters threw objects onto the pitch and a further €8,000 for a pitch invasion following the game.[67] Fiorentina were given a one-match ban for away supporters and were fined €30,000.[68] For the 2022–23 season, West Ham supporters topped the table for football-related arrests in England and Wales. 27 arrests of West Ham fans were for public disorder, and another 23 were for throwing missiles.[69]

In modern culture[edit]

West Ham United is frequently mentioned among the locals at The Queen Victoria tavern in the BBC soap opera EastEnders, created by Tony Holland and Julia Smith. The show is set in the London Borough of Walford, which is a portmanteau of the East End areas of Walthamstow and Stratford. The soap opera focuses on characters moving in and out of the borough, as well as coining the matter of family values. EastEnders has maintained an avid following, least of all with the charismatic Fowler family.

The 2005 film Green Street Hooligans (an allusion to the road on which the Boleyn Ground stands) depicted an American student, played by Elijah Wood, becoming involved with a fictional firm associated with West Ham, with an emphasis on the rivalry with Millwall.[70][71] Although they originally allowed filming inside West Ham's ground, the directors of West Ham withdrew their permission once they became aware of the violent content of the film.[71]

West Ham hooliganism was again highlighted in the 2008 film Cass, based on the life of well-known former hooligan Cass Pennant.[72]

West Ham is the only football club referenced in JK Rowling's Harry Potter series.[73]

West Ham played a prominent role in the American television show Ted Lasso, where character Nate Shelley manages the club.[74]

Olympic Stadium[edit]

Following the building of the Olympic Stadium in Stratford, London for the 2012 Summer Olympics West Ham United put forward proposals which would see the club leave their Boleyn Ground location and relocate to Stratford. On 22 March 2013, West Ham secured a 99-year lease deal, with the stadium planned to be used as their home ground from the 2016–2017 season.[75] West Ham United supporters backed these proposals with 85% in favour of a move in a poll conducted by YouGov, in May 2013.[76]

List of notable supporters[edit]

Below is a list of people who are known West Ham United supporters:

Notes[edit]

  • ^ Note a: Other sources cite her as being a fan of Arsenal.[195]
  • ^ Note b: Other sources cite him as once being a fan of Arsenal.[237]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "West Ham: We'll provide lasting legacy for the whole country". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  2. ^ "Top 10 Most Visited English Soccer Club Websites By U.S. Visitors". epltalk.com. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  3. ^ Leonard, Tim (21 June 2008). "West Ham fans brawl with Columbus Crew as football hooliganism hits the US". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
  4. ^ "National Fan Survey" (PDF). Premier League. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2010. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  5. ^ "English Clubs in the Past". european-football-statistics.co.uk. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
  6. ^ "Barclays Premier League Stats: Team Attendance – 2010–11". ESPN. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
  7. ^ "New York City Hammers". smithfieldnyc. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  8. ^ "Inici". barcelonahammersassociation.com. Archived from the original on 30 December 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
  9. ^ "Tenerife Hammers". tenerifehammers.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
  10. ^ "The Official West Ham United Fan Club Serbia". hammers-serbia.com. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
  11. ^ "The Official Australian Hammers Supporters site". ozhammers.com. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
  12. ^ "Fans welcome Denmark visit". West Ham United F.C. Archived from the original on 4 July 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
  13. ^ "The story of Bubbles". Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  14. ^ "Katy Perry records her own version of West Ham anthem 'I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles'". Daily Mirror. 7 December 2009. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  15. ^ Dart, Tom (8 May 2003). "West Ham in final act". Times. London. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  16. ^ Brand, Russell (3 March 2007). "It is time to face facts – we are all doomed". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  17. ^ a b "West Ham Songs". Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  18. ^ "Oi big boy!". Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  19. ^ "Paolo di Canio 'mulls West Ham move' as Grant gets vote of confidence". Metro. 16 November 2010. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  20. ^ "Bobby Moore". bobbymooreonli ne.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 June 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  21. ^ "Julian Dicks fancies the West Ham job". Daily Mirror. 16 May 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  22. ^ "West Ham 1 – 1 Man City". BBC Sport. 9 May 2010. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  23. ^ Slater, Graham (4 October 2004). "Fans refuse to forg ive 'Judas' Ince". The Daily Telegraph.
  24. ^ "JT: Hammers abuse of Lampard went too far". 26 April 2009.
  25. ^ Winter, Henry (5 March 2007). "West Ham stunned by Stalteri strike". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 6 March 2007. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
  26. ^ "Hammers brush Fulham aside". The Sydney Morning Herald. 19 January 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  27. ^ "Stop hammering my skipper". London Evening Standard. 21 December 2006.
  28. ^ Wright, Duncan (22 April 2001). "Football: RIO'S GRAND; Hammers fans cheer Leeds goal hero Ferdinand". Sunday Mirror. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
  29. ^ Smith, Alan (5 May 2008). "Carlos Tevez has West Ham fans applauding". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
  30. ^ Brown, Oliver (28 August 2009). "West Ham v Millwall: a history of how the rivalry started". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  31. ^ "Football Rivalries census" (PDF). Football Fans Census. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2007.
  32. ^ Dunning. p. 68. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  33. ^ "Find Your Nearest". HopewiserBBC Sport. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
  34. ^ Irvine, Chris (25 August 2009). "Violence erupts at West Ham v Millwall match". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
  35. ^ Green, Chris (27 August 2009). "A rivalry that dates back to the heyday of British shipbuilding". The Independent. London. Retrieved 31 July 2010.
  36. ^ Calvin. p. 1. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  37. ^ Calvin. p. 10. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  38. ^ "Appeal re stabbing at football match". Metropolitan Police. 28 October 2009. Archived from the original on 14 January 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  39. ^ "Violence erupts at London derby". BBC News. 25 August 2009. Retrieved 25 August 2009.
  40. ^ "West Ham fined £115,000 over violence against Millwall". BBC News. BBC. 15 January 2010. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
  41. ^ "West Ham and Millwall should never play again, says Harry Redknapp". The Daily Telegraph. London. 27 August 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
  42. ^ "Arrests over football violence". BBC News. 30 October 2003. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
  43. ^ "FA TO PROBE CUP TIE VIOLENCE". Sporting Life. Retrieved 28 June 2011.[permanent dead link]
  44. ^ a b "West Ham United Football Club". BBC. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  45. ^ Lewis, Darren. "West Ham v Millwall violence was worst I have ever seen, but it is wrong to say the bad old days are back". mirrorfootball.co.uk. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  46. ^ "West Ham United FC Boleyn Ground". footballgroundguide.com. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  47. ^ Northcutt, John (2007). The Claret and Blue book of West Ham United. Cromwell Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-905411-02-3.
  48. ^ a b Pennant, Cass (2002). Want Some Aggro?. London: John Blake Publishing Ltd. p. 14. ISBN 1-904034-57-8.
  49. ^ "Fact Sheet 6: Racism and Football". University of Leicester. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  50. ^ "West Ham facing ground closure after Millwall riots". mirrorfootball.co.uk. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  51. ^ Jones, Neil (5 March 2009). "Football Violence & Top 10 Worst Football Riots". Soccerlens.com. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  52. ^ Ingle, Sean (28 September 2006). "West Ham fans arrested after violence in Palermo". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  53. ^ "West Ham fans in Italian court". London Evening Standard. September 2006. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  54. ^ Nowochin, Mel (25 February 2011). "Casuals". theargus.co.uk. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  55. ^ Haley, A.J. (2001). "British Soccer Superhooligans, Emergence and Establishment: 1982–2000". The Sport Journal. 4. United States Sports Academy. Archived from the original on 15 June 2007. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  56. ^ Brodkin, Jon (11 January 2003). "Fans unite to protest against new recruit and racism". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  57. ^ a b Pierson, Mark (27 January 1997). "Football: West Ham fear FA censure over pitch invasion". Independent. London. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
  58. ^ May, John (3 December 2002). "Who IS Terence Brown?". BBC Sport. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  59. ^ Kirk, Blows; Hogg, Tong (2000). The Essential History of West Ham United. Swindon: Headline Book publishing. pp. 197, 198. ISBN 0-7472-7036-8.
  60. ^ Kirkby, Darren. "Peter Storrie". When Saturday Comes. Archived from the original on 24 May 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
  61. ^ Steinberg, Jacob (10 March 2018). "West Ham chaos as pitch invaders and crowd trouble mars Burnley's win". The Guardian.
  62. ^ "West Ham protest: Thousands of fans join 'GSB out' march against board". London Evening Standard. 29 February 2020.
  63. ^ "Bowen strikes late as West Ham United win the UEFA Europa Conference League!". West Ham United F.C. 7 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  64. ^ Stone, Simon (7 June 2023). "Fiorentina 1-2 West Ham United: Jarrod Bowen goal decides Europa Conference League final". BBC Sport. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  65. ^ "West Ham 'animals' in final - Fiorentina president". BBC Sport. 8 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  66. ^ "West Ham charged by Uefa for incidents in final". BBC Sport. 9 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  67. ^ "West Ham fans banned for one European away game". BBC Sport. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  68. ^ "UEFA punish Fiorentina and West Ham after Conference League final fan trouble". Football Italia. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  69. ^ Dubas-Fisher, David; Keith, Felix (28 September 2023). "West Ham top football-related arrests table as total figure hits nine-year high". mirror. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
  70. ^ Keogh, Francis (26 August 2005). "Hammer blow". BBC Sport. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
  71. ^ a b "Green Street Hooligans (2005)Trivia". IMDb. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  72. ^ "The Film". CASS – The Official Site. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
  73. ^ "BBC Radio 4 - Book of the Week, Daemon Voices - Seven authors you might not know are avid football fans".
  74. ^ "West Ham United playing starring role in hit show Ted Lasso | West Ham United F.C."
  75. ^ GMT (6 March 2013). "Olympic Stadium: Barry Hearn calls for judicial review". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
  76. ^ "West Ham: 85% of fans support Olympic Stadium move in club poll". BBC Sport. 14 May 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
  77. ^ "West Ham United 1-0 Aston Villa FT". West Ham United F.C. 18 August 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  78. ^ "Get with the Programme!". West Ham United F.C. 9 September 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  79. ^ "Foundation coach wins BEDSA". West Ham United F.C. 20 March 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  80. ^ a b c "MP Mike is a happy Hammer". West Ham United F.C. 28 June 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  81. ^ "We all follow the West Ham!". West Ham United F.C. 21 February 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  82. ^ "Michael Apted". la84foundation. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
  83. ^ "Dave Bautista promises fun and action in Final Score film". West Ham United F.C. 6 September 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  84. ^ "YouTuber to millions". West Ham United F.C. 28 September 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  85. ^ "As It Happened: Burnley 0-0 West Ham United". West Ham United F.C. 12 December 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  86. ^ "IN DEEP PACK" (PDF). BBC One. 20 January 2003. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  87. ^ "Soccer AM - Jamie Borthwick". Sky Sports. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  88. ^ "Bonzo: Bow Will Buzz". West Ham United F.C. 6 February 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  89. ^ "March 'shows support for stadium'". BBC News. 28 September 2004. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
  90. ^ "Brand of football excites Russell". West Ham United F.C. 14 October 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  91. ^ "The Six Factor - Darts referee Russ Bray on Bobby Moore, the Hammer he played alongside at school and breaking a world record!". West Ham United F.C. 15 May 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  92. ^ Brooking, Trevor (1981). Trevor Brooking. Pelham Books. ISBN 0-7207-1374-9.
  93. ^ Brundle, Martin [@MBrundleF1] (6 December 2012). "@DazCFC_F1 my football team is West Ham. Of course" (Tweet). Retrieved 20 April 2021 – via Twitter.
  94. ^ "Get with the programme". West Ham United F.C. 6 May 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  95. ^ Cahill, Des [@sportsdes] (26 January 2016). "I'm a West Ham fan... #GloryHunter" (Tweet). Retrieved 28 August 2021 – via Twitter.
  96. ^ Campbell, Dennis (2 September 2001). "Todd Carty on West Ham United". Observer. London.
  97. ^ "Hugill and Hammer Chapman win West Ham European Tour Golf Challenge!". West Ham United F.C. 7 July 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  98. ^ "Amy on the Hammers". West Ham United F.C. 14 December 2011. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  99. ^ "Rylan Clark the 'face of football internationally' as joke gets out of hand". 6 May 2022.
  100. ^ "Lee Clayton column - Haller, Fornals, VAR and kicking-off in style". West Ham United F.C. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  101. ^ Evans, Dave (9 May 2011). "West Ham relegation battle: 'It's the hope that kills you'!". Newham Recorder. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
  102. ^ "Cockney Rejects behind the Hammers". West Ham United F.C. 16 May 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  103. ^ "West Ham United 1-1 Southampton FT". West Ham United F.C. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  104. ^ "9 reasons we love Carlton Cole". West Ham United F.C. 12 October 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  105. ^ a b "Iron McGinley eyes Ryder Cup glory". West Ham United F.C. 25 September 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  106. ^ a b c "West Ham's Most Famous Fans: Katy Perry, Barack Obama, Matt Damon and More". Bleacher Report. 15 April 2011. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  107. ^ "Hammers set for title fights". West Ham United F.C. 10 April 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  108. ^ "The Six Factor: Broadcaster Nat Coombs shares his memories of West Ham United". West Ham United F.C. 8 May 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  109. ^ "James Corden enjoys London Stadium visit". West Ham United F.C. 18 December 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  110. ^ "Tony Cottee - My West Ham Scrapbook". West Ham United F.C. 11 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  111. ^ "Hammers-supporting Cowleys take aim at Gunners". West Ham United F.C. 9 March 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  112. ^ "Tannoys, turntables and team selections - The story of West Ham United's unlikeliest stadium announcer". West Ham United F.C. 5 February 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  113. ^ "Croft takes chequered flag". West Ham United F.C. 16 May 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  114. ^ "West Ham's 10 most famous fans – after the Queen of course". 7 December 2013.
  115. ^ "Bobby Moore Fund: Remembering Bobby". West Ham United F.C. 7 November 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  116. ^ Clark, Pete (1 March 2001). "A whole new Match of the Day". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
  117. ^ "Spurs' Jermain Defoe: West Ham fans call me a Judas but I still love that club". Daily Mirror. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  118. ^ "Maidonian City". Archived from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  119. ^ White, Clive (19 September 1998). "Football: The Sweeper". The Independent. London. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  120. ^ @DizzeeRascal (16 February 2012). "I grew up supporting West Ham cos im an East Boy! #E3INDABUILDING Say Nuttin" (Tweet). Retrieved 20 March 2021 – via Twitter.
  121. ^ "Dyer - All you need is Slav". West Ham United F.C. 27 October 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  122. ^ "Robert Green: The former West Ham goalkeeper on completing 'the greatest of Great Escapes'". West Ham United F.C. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  123. ^ "Playwright Eldridge enthralled by Hammers drama". West Ham United F.C. 4 July 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  124. ^ "Matchday information for our Europa League home opener against Rapid Vienna". West Ham United F.C. 29 September 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  125. ^ Scott, Will (17 March 2003). "David Essex: interviewed March 2003". Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  126. ^ "The MH Psychology Test: Sebastian Faulks". Men's Health. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
  127. ^ "EastEnders star will never forget the Boleyn". West Ham United F.C. 18 June 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  128. ^ Ferdinand, Anton [@anton_ferdinand] (23 January 2021). "Proud to be a @WestHam fan today seeing 5 academy products on the pitch at the same time is brilliant David moyes carrying on the trend at our club #WestHam #academyoffootball" (Tweet). Retrieved 10 April 2021 – via Twitter.
  129. ^ Burt, Jason (4 January 2010). "Tony Fernandes poised to launch takeover bid for West Ham". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
  130. ^ "West-minster Ham United". West Ham United F.C. 9 June 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  131. ^ "We all follow the West Ham!". West Ham United F.C. 25 April 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  132. ^ "'Ammering on the door". BBC Sport. 9 May 2001. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
  133. ^ Frost, Nick [@nickjfrost] (14 May 2017). "I love West Ham with all my heart. I've supported West Ham for more than 35 years" (Tweet). Retrieved 1 May 2021 – via Twitter.
  134. ^ "The Big Interview – Mike Gapes MP". West Ham United F.C. 28 February 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  135. ^ Elgueta, Adriana (4 March 2021). "World Book Day: Notorious football fan 'Mr West Ham' sets record straight". Romford Recorder.
  136. ^ "David Gold leads tributes to 'fearless hero' Lawrie Leslie". West Ham United F.C. 6 June 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  137. ^ "Biography - Jacqueline Gold". www.jacquelinegold.com.
  138. ^ "Golovkin - I want to put on an amazing show". West Ham United F.C. 26 January 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  139. ^ "Boleyn Memories - Graham Gooch". West Ham United F.C. 24 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  140. ^ "Len Goodman's Premier League predictions". BBC Sport. 17 December 2010. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  141. ^ Davies, Gareth (15 June 2018). "Dirty Den actor Leslie Grantham dies: EastEnders star passes away aged 71". The Daily Telegraph.
  142. ^ "The Six Factor - Award-winning TV screenwriter and producer Tony Grounds". West Ham United F.C. 3 February 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  143. ^ "Ricky's Comedy Shuffle". West Ham United F.C. 25 May 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  144. ^ May, Pete (2 April 2011). "Sally Gunnell: My family values". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
  145. ^ "Behind The Scenes: 2022/23 Away Kit Launch". West Ham United F.C. 7 July 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  146. ^ "Where are they now? Coronation Street eco-warrior Spider Nugent". The Daily Express. 27 December 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  147. ^ "West Ham United x Iron Maiden shirt on sale now". West Ham United F.C. 29 November 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  148. ^ "The Six Factor - Singer, songwriter and actor Chesney Hawkes". West Ham United F.C. 3 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  149. ^ Osbourne, Simon (29 May 2010). "Tony Hayward: Right in the thick of it". Independent. London. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
  150. ^ "Hammers welcome Jonjo". West Ham United F.C. 24 February 2011. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  151. ^ "Biography for Alfred Hitchcock". IMDb. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
  152. ^ "West Ham 1-2 Aldershot". BBC Sport. 24 August 2011. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  153. ^ "Hammer Horschel progresses in The Open". West Ham United F.C. 16 July 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  154. ^ "Hammers hope for Hunter happiness". West Ham United F.C. 23 August 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  155. ^ Jama, Maya [@MayaJama] (5 March 2020). "for those that don't know I used to be a football presenter on @Copa90 when I was like 18 and one of the series I hosted was "football virgin" still on YouTube now ended up choosing Bristol Rovers as my home team cause of the fam and later loved West Ham" (Tweet). Retrieved 6 January 2021 – via Twitter.
  156. ^ Corbett, Anne (16 June 2020). "Fred Jarvis obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  157. ^ "Sonny Jay - The West Ham fan through to the Dancing on Ice final!". West Ham United F.C. 12 March 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  158. ^ "Chris Jericho: West Ham United love, Iron Maiden & Cockney rhyming slang". West Ham United F.C. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  159. ^ "Hammer Louisa has The X Factor!". West Ham United F.C. 13 December 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  160. ^ "England rugby union boss Eddie Jones reveals love for West Ham United". West Ham United F.C. 23 February 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  161. ^ "Ray up for End of Season awards". West Ham United F.C. 26 February 2010. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  162. ^ Pete May (2006). West Ham United programme vs Bolton Wanderers. 15 March 2006 p. 19.
  163. ^ a b "Noble support for Hammers-mad boxer McNess". West Ham United F.C. 3 July 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  164. ^ Solhekol, Kaveh (26 November 2008). "The 50 worst famous football fans". The Times.
  165. ^ "Superstars supporting their favorite Premier League teams: Photos". WWE. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  166. ^ "West Ham opens doors to refugees for skills and training session". West Ham United F.C. 20 April 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  167. ^ "Paul Konchesky: Eye on Loans". West Ham United F.C. 2 March 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  168. ^ "West Ham artworks go on display at National Football Museum". West Ham United F.C. 22 January 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  169. ^ "Hammers fan Kyle urges fans to kick the habit this Stoptober". West Ham United F.C. 16 October 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  170. ^ "We All Follow The West Ham". West Ham United F.C. 4 October 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  171. ^ "We all follow the West Ham!". West Ham United F.C. 23 May 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  172. ^ Marden, Gina (13 March 2008). "Hard lessons from Carlton Leach's life of crime". Basildon Canvey Southend Echo. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  173. ^ "Lennox lauds Hammers' fight". West Ham United F.C. 16 February 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  174. ^ "The Definition of a Hero - Bobby Moore". West Ham United F.C. 12 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  175. ^ "Pixie Lott to perform at London Stadium". West Ham United F.C. 22 April 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  176. ^ Wangerin, David. "East End Heroes, Stateside Kings". When Saturday Comes.
  177. ^ "Dame Vera Lynn - 1917-2020". West Ham United F.C. 18 June 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  178. ^ "Dorothy Manley obituary". The Times. 10 November 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  179. ^ "Dishing out a Hammering: UFC star Jimi Manuwa trains with West Ham striker Carlton Cole". Daily Mirror. 22 October 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  180. ^ "David Martin: West Ham fans' support means the world to me". West Ham United F.C. 16 December 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  181. ^ "F1 star visits the Hammers". West Ham United F.C. 22 May 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  182. ^ "West Ham-supporting bandleader Alex celebrates Bubbles' 100th birthday". West Ham United F.C. 11 April 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  183. ^ "Host Meyers talks up Hammers". West Ham United F.C. 21 November 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  184. ^ "Has Jennifer Lopez just told the world she is a West Ham fan after Instagram post?". Hammers News. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  185. ^ "Mark Noble tees up with Ryder Cup star Francesco Molinari". West Ham United F.C. 10 October 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  186. ^ "How and why I joined West Ham United – John Moncur". West Ham United F.C. 11 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  187. ^ "We All Follow The West Ham!". West Ham United F.C. 30 August 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  188. ^ Munro, Jim [@JimMunro] (1 February 2020). "It hurts too much being a West Ham fan. And there's no cure... #westham #coyi" (Tweet). Retrieved 28 August 2021 – via Twitter.
  189. ^ "Glen Murphy: SupportLine Patron". www.supportline.org.uk. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
  190. ^ Taylor, Kathy. "Billy Murray". newhamstory.com. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
  191. ^ "We all follow the West Ham!". West Ham United F.C. 21 March 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  192. ^ Silver, James (22 October 2011). "Dawn's 'Star' turn: a spoof too far?". The Independent. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  193. ^ "Jeremy in the spotlight". West Ham United F.C. 16 June 2009. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  194. ^ "Mark Noble: Being able to captain these players has been fantastic". West Ham United F.C. 11 February 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  195. ^ a b Hodges, Vicki (28 January 2008). "Up the Irons – Barack Obama is West Ham fan". The Daily Telegraph. London.
  196. ^ "Hammer Ohuruogu enjoys Stadium return". West Ham United F.C. 22 July 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  197. ^ "West Ham United 1-2 Everton FT". West Ham United F.C. 22 December 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  198. ^ "Knockout day for O'Sullivan". West Ham United F.C. 2 August 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  199. ^ Lucas, Damien (22 September 2016). "LEGENDARY WEST HAM FAN CASS PENNANT NOT HAPPY WITH WAY OLYMPIC STADIUM MOVE IS PANNING OUT". hitc.com. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  200. ^ "Geoff Boycott and Katy Perry: together at last!". Eurosport. 22 May 2014.
  201. ^ "Jamie Porter: The West Ham fan bowling for cricketing glory". West Ham United F.C. 17 August 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  202. ^ "The Queen's a West Ham fan". Daily Mirror. 5 September 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  203. ^ "East End knees-up – When West Ham's FA Cup winners hit the pop charts!". West Ham United F.C. 2 August 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  204. ^ "Seth Rollins reveals why he's always game for supporting West Ham United". West Ham United F.C. 23 March 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  205. ^ "The Six Factor: Peaky Blinders and Noughts and Crosses star Jack Rowan shares his love for West Ham United". West Ham United F.C. 1 May 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  206. ^ "We all follow the West Ham!". West Ham United F.C. 26 April 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  207. ^ "How West Ham fan Bobby Seagull is using football to make maths cool". West Ham United F.C. 16 May 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
  208. ^ "Five things to look out for when West Ham face Newcastle!". West Ham United F.C. 1 December 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  209. ^ "Shephard - It was an extraordinary experience". West Ham United F.C. 23 May 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  210. ^ "How and why I joined West Ham United – Teddy Sheringham". West Ham United F.C. 13 June 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  211. ^ @steelbanglez (11 March 2012). "I support west ham united ... Its my local ! Simple" (Tweet). Retrieved 9 January 2021 – via Twitter.
  212. ^ "West Ham stars play Heads & Volleys". West Ham United F.C. 9 August 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  213. ^ "A message to supporters from West Ham Joint-Chairman David Sullivan". West Ham United F.C. 10 February 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  214. ^ Keogh, Frank (24 June 2011). "Derby 2011: Queen's dream dashed by French resistance". BBC Sport. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  215. ^ "Profile: Sir Kevin Tebbit". The Guardian. 20 August 2003. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  216. ^ "There's only one Carlos Tevez". West Ham United F.C. 12 November 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  217. ^ "Austrian stars Arnautovic and Thiem team up on court". West Ham United F.C. 1 August 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  218. ^ "STEPHEN TIMMS MP Working hard for East Ham". stephentimms.org.uk. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
  219. ^ "Soccerette Noughties!". Sky Sports. 23 December 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  220. ^ "We All Follow The West Ham". West Ham United F.C. 27 September 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  221. ^ "Triple H is a Hammer!". West Ham United F.C. 16 December 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  222. ^ "West Ham confirm interest in Olympic Stadium". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  223. ^ "Franco the brave". West Ham United F.C. 27 November 2009. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  224. ^ "Watch With: Tommy Walsh reacts to West Ham's 3-0 win over Southampton". West Ham United F.C. 2 April 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  225. ^ Way, Tony [@tonypaulway] (16 May 2020). "Sod that! I don't need to support another West Ham. One is more than enough" (Tweet). Retrieved 15 March 2021 – via Twitter.
  226. ^ "We all follow the West Ham!". West Ham United F.C. 20 December 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  227. ^ Welsh, Irvine [@IrvineWelsh] (27 June 2020). "Everything is relative. Been following West Ham as my English club since I first moved to London late 70's. Had some great times, met some great people. Wouldn't have changed a thing" (Tweet). Retrieved 28 August 2021 – via Twitter.
  228. ^ "Remembering Dylan Tombides". West Ham United F.C. 17 April 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  229. ^ "West Ham United Women v Manchester City - All You Need To Know". West Ham United F.C. 14 April 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  230. ^ "West Ham United sign Jack Wilshere". West Ham United F.C. 9 July 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  231. ^ "Cornered - Ray Winstone". West Ham United F.C. 15 March 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  232. ^ "Biography for Elijah Wood". Retrieved 3 July 2011.
  233. ^ "The Big Interview - Jackson Wray". West Ham United F.C. 3 January 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  234. ^ "We all follow the West Ham". West Ham United F.C. 18 October 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  235. ^ "Former Hammer Joe Cole to feature in Chigwell charity match". West Ham United F.C. 7 July 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  236. ^ "On This Day: Bobby Zamora marks home debut with West Ham winner". West Ham United F.C. 28 February 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  237. ^ Hodges, Vicki (20 May 2006). "Last weekend: Ronnie O'Sullivan in London". The Guardian. London.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Ham_United_F.C._supporters&oldid=1191449147"