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Kazakh Steppe

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The steppes of Eastern Kazakhstan in Altyn Emeil National Park

The Kazakh Steppe, also called the Great Dala, ecoregion, of the Palearctic temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome, is a vast region of open grassland in northern Kazakhstan and adjacent portions of Russia, extending to the east of the Pontic steppe and to the west of the Emin Valley steppe, with which it forms part of the Eurasian steppe.

Setting

The steppe extends more than 2,200 km from the area east of the Caspian Depression and north of the Aral Sea, all the way to the Altai Mountains. It is the largest dry steppe region on earth, covering approximately 804,500 square kilometers. The Kazakh Steppe lies at the southern end of the Ural Mountains, the traditional dividing line between Europe and Asia. Much of the steppe is considered to be semi-desert, grading into desert as one goes further south. The Turan Lowland lies in the southwestern part of the steppe, but elevation increases as one travels east or to the northern parts of the steppe, with a few exceptions.

The Pontic Steppe lies to the west and northwest. To the north and northeast of the Kazakh Steppe lies the Kazakh forest steppe, an ecoregion of pine groves interspersed with grasslands that forms a transition between the Kazakh steppe and the forests of Siberia. To the south lies the Kazakh semi-desert and the Kazakh upland ecoregions. The Kokchetav Massif in north-central Kazakhstan harbors an enclave of the Kazakh upland, distinct from the Kazakh steppe which surrounds it at lower elevations.

Climate

The region has a semi-arid, continental climate, with most of the area falling under the "BSk" classification under the Köppen climate classification system. The steppe receives from 200mm to 400mm of precipitation in an average year, with more falling in the northern areas of the steppe. Average temperatures in July range from 20C to 26C, and -12C to -18C in January. Very high winds sweep across the plains at times.

Climate data for Astana
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 4
(39) 		5
(41) 		22
(72) 		30
(86) 		36
(97) 		40
(104) 		42
(108) 		39
(102) 		36
(97) 		27
(81) 		19
(66) 		5
(41) 		42
(108)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −12
(10) 		−11
(12) 		−4
(25) 		9
(48) 		19
(66) 		25
(77) 		27
(81) 		24
(75) 		18
(64) 		8
(46) 		−2
(28) 		−9
(16) 		7
(45)
Daily mean °C (°F) −15
(5) 		−15
(5) 		−9
(16) 		5
(41) 		13
(55) 		19
(66) 		21
(70) 		18
(64) 		12
(54) 		4
(39) 		−6
(21) 		−12
(10) 		3
(37)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −21
(−6) 		−21
(−6) 		−15
(5) 		−2
(28) 		5
(41) 		11
(52) 		13
(55) 		11
(52) 		5
(41) 		−1
(30) 		−11
(12) 		−18
(0) 		−3
(27)
Record low °C (°F) −52
(−62) 		−49
(−56) 		−38
(−36) 		−28
(−18) 		−11
(12) 		−2
(28) 		2
(36) 		−2
(28) 		−8
(18) 		−26
(−15) 		−39
(−38) 		−44
(−47) 		−52
(−62)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 22
(0.9) 		14
(0.6) 		19
(0.7) 		21
(0.8) 		31
(1.2) 		40
(1.6) 		50
(2.0) 		37
(1.5) 		26
(1.0) 		27
(1.1) 		20
(0.8) 		22
(0.9) 		327
(12.9)
[citation needed]

Flora

Because of low rainfall, the steppe has few trees, and consists of mostly grasslands and large, sandy areas.

Fauna

Animals that can be found in the steppes of Kazakhstan include the Saiga Antelope, Siberian Roe Deer, wolves, foxes, badgers, Mongolian gerbils and steppe tortoises.

People

The western part of the Kazakh Steppe is very sparsely populated, with between two and three people per square kilometer. As one heads east across the plains, the population density increases to between four and seven people per square kilometer. Kazakh people make up the majority of the people living in the area. Russia leases approximately 7,360 square kilometers in the southern region of the steppe for the world's oldest space launch facility, Baikonur Cosmodrome.

The movie Tulpan was shot and set in the Kazakh Steppe.

See also

  • CIA, The World Factbook, 2004
  • World Wildlife Fund, ed. (2001). "Kazakh steppe". WildWorld Ecoregion Profile. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 2010-03-08.
  • "Kazakh steppe". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  • Saudi Aramco World, [1]
  • surfbirds.com, [2]
  • Map of the Kazakh Steppe, [3]
Palearctic temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregions
Alai–Western Tian Shan steppe Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Altai steppe and semi-desert Kazakhstan
Central Anatolian steppe Turkey
Daurian forest steppe China, Mongolia, Russia
Eastern Anatolian montane steppe Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Turkey
Emin Valley steppe China, Kazakhstan
Faroe Islands boreal grasslands Faroe Islands, Denmark
Gissaro–Alai open woodlands Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Kazakh forest steppe Kazakhstan, Russia
Kazakh steppe Kazakhstan, Russia
Kazakh Uplands Kazakhstan
Mongolian–Manchurian grassland China, Mongolia, Russia
Pontic steppe Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria
Sayan Intermontane steppe Russia
Selenge–Orkhon forest steppe Mongolia, Russia
South Siberian forest steppe Russia
Syrian xeric grasslands and shrublands Iraq, Jordan, Syria
Tian Shan foothill arid steppe China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan

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