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Lieutenant general (Australia)

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For other countries which use this rank, see Lieutenant general.
Lieutenant general
The LTGEN insignia of Crown of St Edward above a crossed sword and baton, with the word 'Australia' at the bottom.
CountryAustralia
Service branch Australian Army
AbbreviationLTGEN
RankThree-star
NATO rank codeOF-8
Non-NATO rankO-9
Formation1917
Next higher rankGeneral
Next lower rankMajor general
Equivalent ranks

Lieutenant general (abbreviated LTGEN and pronounced 'Lef-tenant General') is the second-highest active rank of the Australian Army and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of lieutenant general. It is also considered a three-star rank.

The rank of lieutenant general is held by the Chief of Army. The rank is also held when an army officer is the Vice Chief of the Defence Force, the Chief of Joint Operations, or the Chief of Capability Development.

Lieutenant general is a higher rank than major general, but lower than general. Lieutenant general is the equivalent of vice admiral in the Royal Australian Navy and air marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force.

The insignia for a lieutenant general is the Crown of St Edward above a crossed sword and baton.[1][a]

Current Australian lieutenant generals

As of May 2015 there is currently only one lieutenant general in the Australian Defence Force:[b]

Australian Army lieutenant generals

Although not an Australian, Field Marshal William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood, was a popular general with the Australians. He commanded the Australian Imperial Force during the First World War, and when he was promoted to the rank of field marshal in the British Army in 1925, he was awarded the honorary rank of field marshal in the Australian Army.

The first Australian lieutenant general was Sir Harry Chauvel in 1917.

CGS/CA – Chief of the General Staff and Chief of Army

From 1 January 1909 to 18 Feb 1997, the most senior Australian Army position was named Chief of the General Staff. The first Australian to occupy this position was Colonel William Throsby Bridges. The first Australian lieutenant general to occupy this position was Brudenell White, from 1 June 1920. From August 1940, this position, and its successor (Chief of Army), have been held by Australian lieutenant generals.

Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee (1958–1965)

In March 1958, the role of Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee was created, but with no command authority. This was initially occupied by Lieutenant General Sir Henry Wells (March 1958 – March 1959), and was rotated through the three services, hence (briefly) providing a three-star position available to army officers. In 1965 this became a four-star position. It was replaced in February 1976 by a new position, Chief of Defence Force Staff (CDFS), with command authority over the ADF, and in October 1984 the position was renamed Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) to more clearly reflect the role and its authority.

Vice Chief of the Defence Force (since 1986)

In June 1986, the three-star position Vice Chief of the Defence Force (VCDF) was created. As with CDF, this position rotates between the forces. Lieutenant General (later General) John Baker was the first army officer to occupy the position (October 1992 – April 1995).

Chief of Capability Development Group (since 2003)

A third three-star position, Chief of Capability Development Group (CCDG), which also rotates between the forces, was created in 2003.

Chief of Joint Operations (since 2007)

In September 2007, a fourth three-star position, Chief of Joint Operations (CJOPS), was created.

Commander Operation Sovereign Borders (since 2013)

In September 2013, a fifth three-star position, Commander Operation Sovereign Borders (COSB), was created.

Equivalents

There are two other three-star positions in the Australian Defence Force, Chief of Navy (CN) and Chief of Air Force (CAF). There are also a number of other three-star-equivalent positions in the Australian Defence Organisation, but these are all held by civilians.

List

The following people have held the rank of lieutenant general in the Australian Army:

Name Post-
nominals		 Highest
rank		 MAJGEN LTGEN CGS /
CA /
Cmmdr,
Aust. Corps[c]		 CCOSC[d]/
VCDF[e]/
CCDG[b]/
CJOPS[f]/
etc.		 GEN
[d][g][h]		 FM
William Birdwood[2] GCB, GCSI, GCMG, GCVO, CIE, DSO FM 1911–1914 1914–1917 1917–1918[c] 1917–1925[c] 1925–1930
Harry Chauvel[3] GCMG, KCB GEN 1915-1915 1917–1929 1923–1930 1929–1930
John Monash[4] GCMG, KCB, VD GEN 1916–1918 1918–1919 1918[c] 1919–1929
Brudenell White[5] KCB, KCMG, KCVO, DSO GEN 1917–1918 1918–1923 1920–1923
1940		 1940
Talbot Hobbs[6] KCB, KCMG, VD LTGEN 1917–1918 1918–1927 1918–1919[c]
James Gordon Legge[7] CB, CMG LTGEN 1915–1924 1924 1914–1915
1917–1920
James Whiteside McCay[8] KCMG, KBE, CB, VD LTGEN 1915–1926 1926
Thomas Blamey[9] GBE, KCB, CMG, DSO, ED FM 1931-1925 1939–1941 1942–1945 1941–1950 1950–1951
John Lavarack[10] KCMG, KCVO, KBE, CB, DSO LTGEN 1935–1938
1938–1941		 1938
1941–1946		 1935–1939
Ernest Squires[11] CB, DSO, MC LTGEN 1935–1938 1938–1940 1939–1940
Vernon Sturdee[10] KBE, CB, DSO LTGEN 1939–1940 1940–1950 1940–1942
1946–1950
John Whitham[12] CMG, DSO LTGEN 1937–1940 1940–1946
Edward Smart[10] DSO, MC LTGEN 1939–1940 1940–1946
Iven Mackay[10] KBE, CMG, DSO & Two Bars, VD LTGEN 1937–1941 1941–1946
Leslie Morshead[10] KCB, KBE, CMG, DSO, ED LTGEN 1940–1942 1942–1946
Gordon Bennett CB, CMG, DSO, VD LTGEN 1930–1942 1942–1944
Edmund Herring[13] KCMG, KBE, DSO, MC, KStJ, ED, KC LTGEN 1941–1942 1942–1951
Carl Jess[14] CB, CMG, CBE, DSO LTGEN 1935–1942 1942–1946
John Northcott[10] KCMG, KCVO, CB, KStJ LTGEN 1939–1942 1942–1946 1940
1942–1945
Sydney Rowell[15] KBE, CB LTGEN 1941–1942 1942–1954 1950–1954
Henry Wynter[16] CB, CMG, DSO LTGEN 1939–1940 1940–1945
Frank Berryman[10] KCVO, CB, CBE, DSO LTGEN 1942–1944 1944–1954
Stanley Savige[10] KBE, CB, DSO, MC, ED LTGEN 1942–1944 1944–1946
Horace Robertson[10] KBE, DSO LTGEN 1942–1946 1946–1954
Allan Boase[17] CBE LTGEN 1942–1949 1949–1951
Cyril Clowes[18] CBE, DSO, MC LTGEN 1942–1949 1949
William Bridgeford[19] KBE, CB, MC LTGEN 1942–1951 1951–1953
Henry Wells[20] KBE, CB, DSO LTGEN 1946–1951 1951–1958 1954–1958 1958–1959[d]
Victor Secombe[21] CB, CBE LTGEN 1949–1951 1951–1954
Rudolph Bierwirth CBE LTGEN 1952–1953 1953–1956
Eric Woodward[22] KCMG, KCVO, CB, CBE, DSO LTGEN 1951–1953 1953–1957
Robert Harold Nimmo[23] CBE LTGEN 1946–1954 1954
Ragnar Garrett[24] KBE, CB LTGEN 1951–1954 1954–1960 1958–1960
Reg Pollard[25] KCVO, KBE, CB, DSO LTGEN 1954–1959 1959–1963 1960–1963
Hector Edgar[26] 195?– 19??–
John Wilton[27] KBE, CB, DSO GEN 1957–1963 1963–1966 1963–1966 1966–1970[d]
Thomas Joseph Daly[28] KBE, CB, DSO LTGEN 1959– 1966–1971 1966–1971
Mervyn Brogan KBE, CB LTGEN 19xx–1971 1971–1973 1971–1973
Frank Hassett[29] AC, KBE, CB, DSO, LVO GEN 1963–1973 1973–1975 1973–1975 1975–1977[d][g]
Arthur MacDonald[30] KBE, CB GEN 19xx–1975 1975–1977 1975–1977 1977–1979[g]
Donald Dunstan[31] AC, KBE, CB LTGEN 19xx-1977 1977–1982 1977–1982
Phillip Bennett AC, KBE, DSO GEN 19xx-1982 1982–1984 1982–1984 1984–1987[g][h]
Peter Gration[32] AC, OBE GEN 19xx-1984 1984–1987 1984–1987 1987–1993[h]
Lawrence O'Donnell AC LTGEN 19xx-1987 1987–1990 1987–1990
John Coates[33] AC, MBE LTGEN 19xx-1990 1990–1992 1990–1992
John Grey[34] AC LTGEN 19xx-1992 1992–1995 1992–1995
John Baker[35] AC, DSM GEN 1987–1992 1992–1995 1992–1995[e] 1995–1998[h]
John Sanderson[36] AC LTGEN 1989–1992 1992–1998 1995–1997
1997–1998		 1993–1995[f]
Frank Hickling[37] AO, CSC LTGEN 19xx-1998 1998–2000 1998–2000
Peter Cosgrove[38] AK, MC GEN 1999–2000 2000–2002 2000–2002 2002–2005[h]
Desmond Mueller[39] AO LTGEN 1994–2000 2000–2002 2000–2002[e]
Peter Leahy[40] AC LTGEN 19xx-2002 2002–2008 2002–2008
David Hurley[41] AC, DSC GEN 2001–2003 2003–2011 2003–2007[i]
2007–2008[f]
2008–2011[e]		 2011–2014[h]
Ken Gillespie[42] AC, DSC, CSM LTGEN 2004–2005 2005–2011 2008–2011 2005–2008[e]
Mark Evans[43] AO, DSC LTGEN 2002–2008 2008–2011 2008–2011[f]
Ash Power AO, CSC LTGEN 2005–2011 2011–2014 2011–2014[f]
David Morrison[44] AO LTGEN 2005–2011 2011–2015 2011–2015
Angus Campbell[45] DSC, AM LTGEN 2010–2013 2013–present 2015–present
John Caligari[46] AO, DSC LTGEN 2009 2014–2015 2014–2015[c]

See also

References and notes

Notes

  1. ^ Australian Army officer rank insignia are identical to British Army officer rank insignia, with the difference that Australian insignia have the word "Australia" below them.
  2. ^ The third and fourth three-star positions possibly available to an Australian lieutenant general are the CCDG and the Vice Chief of the Defence Force (VCDF).
  3. ^ Commander of the Australian Corps
  4. ^ Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee (CCOSC), now known as the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF).
  5. ^ Vice Chief of the Defence Force (VCDF)
  6. ^ Chief of Joint Operations (CJOPS)
  7. ^ Chief of Defence Force Staff (CDFS), now known as the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF)
  8. ^ Chief of the Defence Force (CDF)
  9. ^ Chief of Capability Development Group (CCDG)

References

  1. ^ "Chapter 4: Badges and Emblems" (PDF). Army Dress Manual. Canberra: Australian Army. 6 June 2014. p. 48.
  2. ^ James, Robert Rhodes (2009) [2004]. "Birdwood, William Riddell". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31898. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  3. ^ Hill, Alec (1978), Chauvel of the Light Horse: A Biography of General Sir Harry Chauvel, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Press, ISBN 0-522-84146-5, OCLC 5003626
  4. ^ Serle, Geoffrey (1986). "Monash, Sir John (1865–1931)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  5. ^ Grey, Jeffrey (1990). White, Sir Cyril Brudenell Bingham (1876–1940)]. Vol. Vol. 12. Melbourne University Press. pp. 460–463. Retrieved 16 March 2010. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); |work= ignored (help)
  6. ^ Hill, A. J. (1983). Hobbs, Sir Joseph John Talbot (1864–1938). Vol. Vol. 9. Melbourne University Press. pp. 315–317. Retrieved 30 July 2009. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); |work= ignored (help)
  7. ^ Coulthard-Clark, C. D. (1986). Legge, James Gordon (1863–1947)'. Vol. Vol. 10. Melbourne University Press. pp. 63–65. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); |work= ignored (help)
  8. ^ Serle, Geoffrey (1986). "McCay, Sir James Whiteside (1864–1930)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 1 December 2009.
  9. ^ Horner, David (1978). Crisis of Command: Australian Generalship and the Japanese Threat, 1941–1943. Canberra: Australian National University Press. ISBN 0-7081-1345-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i "The Army List of Officers of the Australian Military Forces". Melbourne: Australian Army. 1950. OCLC 220688670. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. ^ Lodge, A. B. (1990). Squires, Ernest Ker (1882–1940). Vol. Vol. 12. Melbourne University Press. pp. 41–42. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); |work= ignored (help)
  12. ^ Burness, Peter (1990). Whitham, John Lawrence (1881–1952). Vol. Vol. 12. Melbourne University Press. pp. 476–477. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); |work= ignored (help)
  13. ^ Browne, Geoff. Herring, Sir Edmund Francis (Ned) (1892–1982). Vol. Vol. 17. Melbourne University Press. pp. 520–523. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); |work= ignored (help)
  14. ^ Coulthard-Clark, C. D. (1983). Jess, Sir Carl Herman (1884–1948)'. Vol. Vol. 9. Melbourne University Press. p. 485–487. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); |work= ignored (help)
  15. ^ Hill, A. J. "Rowell, Sir Sydney Fairbairn (1894–1975)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
  16. ^ Perry, Warren (2002). Wynter, Henry Douglas (1886–1945). Vol. Vol. 16. Melbourne University Press. pp. 599–600. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); |work= ignored (help)
  17. ^ Dicker, George (1993). Boase, Allan Joseph (1894–1964). Vol. Vol. 13. Melbourne University Press. pp. 208–209. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); |work= ignored (help)
  18. ^ Denholm, David (1993). Clowes, Cyril Albert (1892–1968). Vol. Vol. 13. Melbourne University Press. pp. 446–447. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); |work= ignored (help)
  19. ^ Grey, Jeffrey (1993). Bridgeford, Sir William (1894–1971). Vol. Vol. 13. Melbourne University Press. pp. 255–257. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); |work= ignored (help)
  20. ^ Andrews, E. M. (2002). Wells, Sir Henry (1898–1973). Vol. Vol. 16. Melbourne University Press. p. 521. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); |work= ignored (help)
  21. ^ Greville, P. J (2002). Secombe, Victor Clarence (1897–1962). Vol. Vol. 16. Melbourne University Press. Retrieved 15 June 2013. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); |work= ignored (help)
  22. ^ "Woodward, Sir Eric Winslow (1899–1967)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Australian National University. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
  23. ^ James, Neil; Londey, Peter (2005). Nimmo, Robert Harold (1893–1966)]. Vol. Supplementary volume. Melbourne University Press. pp. 303–304. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  24. ^ Grey, Jeffrey (1996). Garrett, Sir Alwyn Ragnar (1900–1977)'. Vol. Vol. 14. Melbourne University Press. p. 252. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); |work= ignored (help)
  25. ^ Clark, Chris. "Pollard, Sir Reginald George (1903–1978)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
  26. ^ "Edgar, Hector Geoffrey". World War II Nominal Roll. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
  27. ^ Horner, David. "Wilton, Sir John Gordon Noel (1910–1981)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  28. ^ Farquharson, John (9 January 2004). "Daly, Sir Thomas Joseph (Tom) (1913–2004)". Obituaries Australia. Australian National University. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
  29. ^ "Who's who in Australian Military History: General Francis George (Frank) Hassett, AC, KBE, CB, DSO". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 29 August 2008.
  30. ^ "Previous Chiefs". Chief of the Defence Force. Australia: Department of Defence. Archived from the original on 30 January 2009. Retrieved 28 February 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  31. ^ "In Memoriam: Lieutenant General Sir Donald Beaumont Dunstan, AC, KBE, CB (1923–2011)". Australian Army Journal. VIII (3): 187–189. 2011. ISSN 1448-2843.
  32. ^ "Peter Courtney Gration". Who's Who in Australia Online. Crown Content. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  33. ^ "Lieutenant General Henry John Coates". Who's Who in Australia Online. ConnectWeb. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
  34. ^ "Lieutenant General John Cedric Grey". Who's Who in Australia Online. Connect Web. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
  35. ^ "Short biography (and service record) of General John Stuart Baker AC, DSM". MECC 200/07 (Press release). Department of Defence, Australian Government. 10 July 2007.
  36. ^ "Lieutenant General John Murray Sanderson, AC". Australian War Museum.
  37. ^ Singh, Shivani (2010). Who's Who in Australia 2010. Melbourne, Australia: Crown Content. ISBN 1-74095-172-7.
  38. ^ "Biographies of Peter and Lynne Cosgrove". Governor-General of Australia. Australian Government. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
  39. ^ "LTGEN Desmond Mueller". Biography (Press release). Department of Defence. 2 May 2000.
  40. ^ "Lieutenant General Professor Peter Francis Leahy". Who's Who in Australia Online. ConnectWeb. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
  41. ^ "General David Hurley, AC, DSC". Biography. Department of Defence, Australian Government.
  42. ^ "Biography: LTGEN Ken Gillespie". Department of Defence, Australian Government. Retrieved 14 September 2008.
  43. ^ "Lt-Gen. (Rtd) Mark Evans". Who's Who in Australia Online. ConnectWeb. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  44. ^ "Chief of Army – Lieutenant General David Morrison, AO". Australian Army.
  45. ^ "Major General Angus Campbell promoted to Lieutenant General". Defence News. Department of Defence, Australian Government. 19 September 2013.
  46. ^ "Lieutenant General John Graham Caligari". Who's Who in Australia Online. ConnectWeb. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
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