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Since the reliable record keeping of tropical cyclone data within the North Atlantic Ocean began in 1851,[1] there have been 1,560 systems of at least tropical storm intensity and 905 of at least hurricane intensity. Though a majority of these tropical depressions have fallen within climatological averages, prevailing atmospheric conditions occasionally lead to anomalous tropical systems which at times reach extremes in statistical record-keeping including in duration and intensity.[2] The scope of this list is limited to tropical cyclone records solely within the Atlantic Ocean and is subdivided by their reason for notability.

Tropical cyclogenesis

Earliest/latest formations for each category

See also: Atlantic hurricane season
Monochrome radar image of a hurricane. Rain, which the radar detects, is shown as white regions. Concentric circles denote distances from the radar site, located slightly offset from the center of the image.
Hurricane Alice was both the latest and earliest recorded hurricane to exist in any given calendar year.

Climatologically speaking, approximately 97 percent of tropical cyclones that form in the North Atlantic develop between the dates of June 1 and November 30 – dates which delimit the modern-day Atlantic hurricane season. Though the beginning of the annual hurricane season has historically remained the same, the official end of the hurricane season has shifted from its initial date of October 31. Regardless, on average once every few years a tropical cyclone develops outside the limits of the season;[3] as of June 2018 there have been 89 tropical cyclones in the off-season, with the most recent being Subtropical Storm Alberto in 2018.[1] The first tropical cyclone of the 1938 Atlantic hurricane season, which formed on January 3, became the earliest forming tropical storm and hurricane after reanalysis concluded on the storm in December 2012.[4] Hurricane Able in 1951 was initially thought to be the earliest forming major hurricane – a tropical cyclone with winds exceeding 115 mph (185 km/h)[nb 1] – however following post-storm analysis it was determined that Able only reached Category 1 strength which made Hurricane Alma of 1966 the new record holder; as it became a major hurricane on June 8.[1] Though it developed within the bounds of the Atlantic hurricane season,[3][1] Hurricane Audrey in 1957 was the earliest developing Category 4 hurricane on record after it reached the intensity on June 27.[6] However, reanalysis from 1956 to 1960 by NOAA downgraded Audrey to a Category 3, making Hurricane Dennis of 2005 the earliest Category 4 on record on July 8, 2005.[7] The earliest-forming Category 5 hurricane, Emily, reached the highest intensity on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale on July 17, 2005.[8]

Though the official end of the Atlantic hurricane season occurs on November 30, the dates of October 31 and November 15 have also historically marked the official end date for the hurricane season.[3] December, the only month of the year after the hurricane season, has featured the cyclogenesis of fourteen tropical cyclones.[1] Tropical Storm Zeta in 2005 was the latest tropical cyclone to attain tropical storm intensity as it did so on December 30. However, the second Hurricane Alice in 1954 was the latest forming tropical cyclone to attain hurricane intensity. Both Alice and Zeta were the only two storms to exist in two calendar years – the former from 1954 to 1955 and the latter from 2005 to 2006.[9] No storms have been recorded to exceed Category 1 hurricane intensity in December.[1] In 1999, Hurricane Lenny reached Category 4 intensity on November 17 as it took an unprecedented west to east track across the Caribbean; its intensity made it the latest developing Category 4 hurricane, though this was well within the bounds of the hurricane season.[10] Hurricane Hattie (October 27-November 1, 1961) was initially thought to have been the latest forming Category 5 hurricane ever documented,[11] though reanalysis indicated that a devastating hurricane in 1932 reached such an intensity at a later date.[1][4] Consequently, this made the hurricane the latest developing tropical cyclone to reach all four Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale classifications past Category 1 intensity.[1]

Earliest and latest forming Atlantic tropical cyclones by Saffir–Simpson classification
Earliest Formation Latest Formation
Category Year Storm Date Reached Notes Year Storm Date Reached Notes
Tropical storm 1938 Unnamed January 3 [1][nb 2] 2005–06 Tropical Storm Zeta December 30 [1]
Category 1 1938 Unnamed January 4 [1] 1954–55 Hurricane Alice December 30 [1]
Category 2 1908 Unnamed March 7 [1] 2016 Hurricane Otto November 24 [12][nb 3]
Category 3 1966 Hurricane Alma June 8 [1] 2016 Hurricane Otto November 24 [12]
Category 4 2005 Hurricane Dennis July 8 1999 Hurricane Lenny November 17 [1]
Category 5 2005 Hurricane Emily July 17 [8][13] 1932 1932 Cuba hurricane November 5 [1]

Earliest formation records by storm number

  Indicates a tie for the earliest/next earliest formation date
Earliest formation of north Atlantic tropical cyclones by storm number
Storm # Earliest Next earliest
Name Date of formation Name Date of formation
1 Unnamed January 3, 1938 Unnamed January 4, 1951
2 Unnamed May 17, 1887 Unnamed May 26, 1908
Beryl 00May 26, 2012
3 Colin June 5, 2016 Unnamed June 12, 1887
4 Danielle June 20, 2016 Debby June 23, 2012
5 Emily July 11, 2005 Danny July 16, 1997
6 Franklin July 21, 2005 Unnamed August 2, 1959
7 Gert July 24, 2005 Unnamed August 7, 1936
8 Harvey August 3, 2005 Unnamed August 15, 1936
9 Irene August 7, 2005 Unnamed August 20, 1936
10 Jose August 22, 2005 Jerry August 23, 1995
Joyce 00August 23, 2012
11 Katrina August 24, 2005 Unnamed August 28, 1936
Karen 00August 28, 1995
12 Luis August 29, 1995 Leslie August 30, 2012
13 Maria September 2, 2005 Michael September 4, 2012
Lee 00September 2, 2011
14 Nate September 5, 2005 Maria September 7, 2011
15 Ophelia September 7, 2005 (06z) Unnamed September 19, 1936
16 Philippe September 17, 2005 Ophelia September 21, 2011
17 Rita September 18, 2005 Philippe September 24, 2011
18 Stan October 2, 2005 Sebastien October 21, 1995
19 Unnamed October 4, 2005 Tony October 24, 2012
20 Tammy October 5, 2005 Unnamed November 15, 1933
21 Vince October 9, 2005 —
22 Wilma October 17, 2005 —
23 Alpha October 22, 2005 —
24 Beta October 27, 2005 —
25 Gamma November 18, 2005 —
26 Delta November 23, 2005 —
27 Epsilon November 29, 2005 —
28 Zeta December 30, 2005 —
Based on data from: U.S. NOAA Coastal Service Center - Historical Hurricane Tracks Tool
  • Note: Storms that originally form as a tropical depression will not be posted unless they reach tropical storm status (for example, Hurricane Michael in 2012 formed on September 3 as a tropical depression, but was not named until it reached tropical storm status, on September 4, thus putting Hurricane Michael on the list with the date September 4).

Intensity

Most intense

By pressure

Most intense Atlantic hurricanes (
)
Rank Hurricane Season Pressure
hPa inHg
1 Wilma 2005 882 26.05
2 Gilbert 1988 888 26.23
3 "Labor Day" 1935 892 26.34
4 Rita 2005 895 26.43
5 Milton 2024 897 26.49
6 Allen 1980 899 26.55
7 Camille 1969 900 26.58
8 Katrina 2005 902 26.64
9 Mitch 1998 905 26.73
Dean 2007
Source: HURDAT[1]

Generally speaking, the intensity of a tropical cyclone is determined by either the storm's maximum sustained winds or lowest barometric pressure. The following table lists the most intense Atlantic hurricanes in terms of their lowest barometric pressure. In terms of wind speed, Allen from 1980 was the strongest Atlantic tropical cyclone on record, with maximum sustained winds of 190 mph (310 km/h). For many years, it was thought that Hurricane Camille also attained this intensity, but this conclusion was changed in 2014. The original measurements of Camille are suspect since wind speed instrumentation used at the time would likely be damaged by winds of such intensity.[14] Nonetheless, their central pressures are low enough to rank them among the strongest recorded Atlantic hurricanes.[1]

Owing to their intensity, the strongest Atlantic hurricanes have all attained Category 5 classification. Hurricane Opal, the strongest Category 4 hurricane recorded, intensified to reach a minimum pressure of 916 mbar (hPa; 27.05 inHg),[15] a pressure typical of Category 5 hurricanes.[16] Nonetheless, the pressure remains too high to list Opal as one of the ten strongest Atlantic tropical cyclones.[1] Presently, Hurricane Wilma is the strongest Atlantic hurricane ever recorded, after reaching an intensity of 882 mbar (hPa; 26.05 inHg) in October 2005;[14] this also made Wilma the strongest tropical cyclone worldwide outside of the West Pacific,[17][18][19][20][21] where seven tropical cyclones have been recorded to intensify to lower pressures.[22] However, this was later superseded by Hurricane Patricia in 2015 in the east Pacific, which had a pressure reading of 872 mbar. Preceding Wilma is Hurricane Gilbert, which had also held the record for most intense Atlantic hurricane for 17 years.[23] The 1935 Labor Day hurricane, with a pressure of 892 mbar (hPa; 26.34 inHg), is the third strongest Atlantic hurricane and the strongest documented tropical cyclone prior to 1950.[1] Since the measurements taken during Wilma and Gilbert were documented using dropsonde, this pressure remains the lowest measured over land.[24]

Hurricane Rita is the fourth strongest Atlantic hurricane in terms of barometric pressure and one of three tropical cyclones from 2005 on the list, with the others being Wilma and Katrina at first and seventh, respectively.[1] However, with a barometric pressure of 895 mbar (hPa; 26.43 inHg), Rita is the strongest tropical cyclone ever recorded in the Gulf of Mexico.[25]

Most intense landfalling Atlantic hurricanes
Intensity is measured solely by central pressure
Rank Hurricane Season Landfall pressure
1 "Labor Day"[nb 4] 1935 892 mbar (hPa)
2 Camille 1969 900 mbar (hPa)
Gilbert 1988
4 Dean 2007 905 mbar (hPa)
5 "Cuba" 1924 910 mbar (hPa)
Dorian 2019
7 Janet 1955 914 mbar (hPa)
Irma 2017
9 "Cuba" 1932 918 mbar (hPa)
10 Michael 2018 919 mbar (hPa)
Sources: HURDAT,[1] AOML/HRD,[4] NHC[27]

In between Rita and Katrina is Hurricane Allen. Allen's pressure was measured at 899 mbar. Hurricane Camille is the sixth strongest hurricane on record. Camille is the only storm to have been moved down the list due to post-storm analysis. Camille was originally recognized as the fifth strongest hurricane on record, but was dropped to the seventh strongest in 2014, with an estimated pressure at 905 mbars, tying it with Hurricanes Mitch, and Dean. Camille then was recategorized with a new pressure of 900 mbars. Currently, Mitch and Dean share intensities for the eighth strongest Atlantic hurricane at 905 mbar (hPa; 26.73 inHg).[24] Hurricane Maria is in tenth place for most intense Atlantic tropical cyclone, with a pressure as low as 908 mbar (hPa; 26.81 inHg).[28] In addition, the most intense Atlantic hurricane outside of the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico is Hurricane Irma of 2017, with a pressure of 914 mbar (hPa; 27.0 inHg).[29]

Many of the strongest recorded tropical cyclones weakened prior to their eventual landfall or demise. However, six of the storms remained intense enough at landfall to be considered some of the strongest landfalling hurricanes – six of the ten hurricanes on the list constitute six of the most intense Atlantic landfalls in recorded history. The 1935 Labor Day hurricane made landfall at peak intensity, the most intense Atlantic hurricane landfall.[30] Hurricane Camille made landfall in Waveland, Mississippi with a pressure of 900 mbar (hPa; 26.58 inHg), making it the second most intense Atlantic hurricane landfall.[31] Though it weakened slightly before its eventual landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula, Hurricane Gilbert maintained a pressure of 900 mbar (hPa; 26.58 inHg) at landfall, making its landfall the second strongest, tied with Camille. Similarly, Hurricane Dean made landfall on the peninsula, though it did so at peak intensity and with a higher barometric pressure; its landfall marked the fourth strongest in Atlantic hurricane history.[24] Hurricane Maria made landfall in Puerto Rico shortly after its peak intensity, with a pressure of 920 mbar (hPa; 27.17 inHg). In addition, despite being well past its peak intensity, Hurricane Katrina made landfall in Buras-Triumph, Louisiana with a pressure of 920 mbar (hPa; 27.17 inHg), thus making it the ninth-strongest landfall, tied with Maria.[32]

By highest sustained winds

Highest 1-minute sustained winds (175 mph or greater)
Rank Hurricane Season Winds
mph km/h
1 Allen 1980 190 305
2 "Labor Day" 1935 185 295
Gilbert 1988
Wilma 2005
5 Mitch 1998 180 285
Rita 2005
Irma 2017
8 "Cuba" 1932 175 280
Janet 1955
Carla 1961
Camille 1969
Anita 1977
David 1979
Andrew 1992
Katrina 2005
Dean 2007
Felix
Maria 2017

Most intense by month

Intensity is measured solely by central pressure.

Most intense Atlantic tropical cyclones by month
Month Storm Year Minimum pressure Maximum winds Category Notes
January Alice 1955 ~980 mbar (hPa; 28.94 inHg) 90 mph (150 km/h) Category 1 [nb 5]
February "Groundhog Day" 1952 990 mbar (hPa; 29.23 inHg) 70 mph (110 km/h) Tropical storm [nb 6]
March Unnamed 1908 <991 mbar (hPa; 29.27 inHg) 100 mph (155 km/h) Category 2 [nb 6]
April Arlene 2017 990 mbar (hPa; 29.23 inHg) 50 mph (85 km/h) Tropical storm
May Able 1951 973 mbar (hPa; 28.74 inHg) 90 mph (150 km/h) Category 1
June Audrey 1957 946 mbar (hPa; 27.94 inHg) 125 mph (205 km/h) Category 3 [nb 7]
Alex 2010 110 mph (175 km/h) Category 2
July Emily 2005 929 mbar (hPa; 27.44 inHg) 160 mph (260 km/h) Category 5
August Allen 1980 899 mbar (hPa; 26.55 inHg) 190 mph (305 km/h) Category 5
September Gilbert 1988 888 mbar (hPa; 26.23 inHg) 185 mph (295 km/h) Category 5
October Wilma 2005 882 mbar (hPa; 26.05 inHg) 185 mph (295 km/h) Category 5
November "Cuba" 1932 918 mbar (hPa; 27.11 inHg) 175 mph (290 km/h) Category 5
December Nicole 1998 979 mbar (hPa; 28.91 inHg) 85 mph (140 km/h) Category 1

Hurricane Severity Index

Most severe landfalling Atlantic hurricanes in the United States
Based on size and intensity for total points on the Hurricane Severity Index[33]
Rank Hurricane Year Intensity Size Total
1  4  Carla 1961 17 25 42
2  4  Betsy 1965 15 25 40
3  5  Camille 1969 22 14 36
 4  Opal 1995 11 25 36
 5  Katrina 2005 13 23 36
6  3  Audrey 1957 17 16 33
 5  Wilma 2005 12 21 33
8  5  Ivan 2004 12 20 32
9  4  Ike 2008 10 20 30
10  5  Andrew 1992 16 11 27

Fastest intensification

  • Fastest intensification from a tropical depression to a hurricane (1-minute sustained surface winds) – 12 hours
    Blanche 1969 – 35 mph (55 km/h) to 85 mph (140 km/h) – from 0600 UTC to 1800 UTC August 11[1]
    Harvey 1981 – 35 mph (55 km/h) to 80 mph (130 km/h) – from 1200 UTC September 12 to 0000 UTC September 13[1]
  • Fastest intensification from a tropical depression to a Category 5 hurricane (1-minute sustained surface winds) – 54 hours
    Wilma 2005 – 35 mph (55 km/h) to 170 mph (275 km/h) – from 0000 UTC October 17 to 0600 UTC October 19[1]
    Maria 2017 – 35 mph (55 km/h) to 160 mph (258 km/h) – from 1800 UTC September 16 to 0000 UTC September 19[34]
  • Fastest intensification from a tropical storm to a Category 5 hurricane (1-minute sustained surface winds) – 24 hours
    Wilma 2005 – 70 mph (110 km/h) to 170 mph (275 km/h) – from 0600 UTC October 18 to 0600 UTC October 19[1]
  • Maximum pressure drop in 12 hours – 83 mbar
    Wilma 2005 – 975 millibars (28.8 inHg) to 892 millibars (26.3 inHg) – from 1800 UTC October 18 to 0600 UTC October 19[1]
  • Maximum pressure drop in 24 hours – 97 mbar
    Wilma 2005 – 979 millibars (28.9 inHg) to 882 millibars (26.0 inHg) – from 1200 UTC October 18 to 1200 UTC October 19[1]

Seasonal records

Highest number of named storms

Number of named storm occurrences by month
Month
Storms Season
January 1 1938, 1951, 1978, 2016
February 1 1952†
March 1 1908†
April 1 1992, 2003, 2017
May 2 1887, 2012
June 3 1886, 1936, 1968
July 5 2005
August 8 2004, 2012
September 8 2002, 2010
October 8 1950
November 3 2005
December 2 1887, 2003
Based on data from: U.S. NOAA Coastal Service Center - Historical Hurricane Tracks Tool
† – Highest number for month by virtue of being only known season to see a storm form

Seasonal activity

From 1981 to 2010, there were on average 12.1 storms in the Atlantic Basin.[35] Each hurricane season may be impacted by an El Niño or La Niña which contributes to the amount of storms in any given year, and a hurricane with a peak intensity of Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is classified as major. Most Atlantic hurricane seasons between 1851, and 1930 included 7 or fewer recorded tropical storms or hurricanes, as well as many seasons between 1930 and 1965. The usage of satellite data was not available until the mid-1960s, which makes early storm counts less reliable.

The most active Atlantic hurricane season in recorded history took place in 2005, when a total of 28 storms were counted. The storm count includes 15 hurricanes, of which 7 strengthened to major hurricane status.

Most storms
Total
storms 		Year Tropical
storms 		Hurricanes Notes
Hurricanes Major
28 2005 28 15 7 4 Category 5s, 1 subtropical storm
20 1933 20 11 6 2 Category 5s
19 1887 19 11 2
1995 19 11 5
2010 19 12 5
2011 19 7 4 1 unnamed storm
2012 19 10 2
18 1969 18 12 5 1 subtropical storm, 1 Category 5
17 1936 17 7 1
2017 17 10 6 2 Category 5s
16 1949 16 7 2
1950 16 11 6
1954 16 7 3
2003 16 7 3 1 Category 5
2008 16 8 5
Fewest storms[nb 8]
Total
storms 		Year Tropical
storms 		Hurricanes Notes
Hurricanes Major
1 1914 1 0 0 before accurate satellite data in mid-1960's
3 1930 3 2 2 before accurate satellite data in mid-1960's
4 1983 4 3 1
6 1965 6 4 1
1977 6 5 1 1 Category 5
1982 6 2 1 1 subtropical storm
1986 6 4 0
7 1972 7 3 0 3 subtropical storms
1987 7 3 1
1992 7 4 1 1 subtropical storm, 1 Category 5
1994 7 3 0

Number of tropical storms and hurricanes per season

This bar chart shows the number of named storms and hurricanes per year from 1851-2017. Data is incomplete prior to the advent of satellite tracking in the mid-1960s.[36]

Tropical cyclone count adjusted for lack of observation prior to 1965.
Tropical cyclone count adjusted for lack of observation prior to 1965.

Effects

Costliest Atlantic hurricanes

Hurricane Katrina 2005
Hurricane Harvey 2017
Hurricanes Katrina (left) and Harvey (right) both caused $125 billion in damage, more than any other tropical cyclone worldwide.
Main article: List of costliest Atlantic hurricanes

Costliest Atlantic hurricanes
Rank Hurricane Season Damage[nb 9]
1 Katrina 2005 $125 billion
Harvey 2017
3 Maria 2017 $91.6 billion
4 Sandy 2012 $68.7 billion
5 Irma 2017 $64.8 billion
6 Florence 2018 >$45 billion
7 Ike 2008 $38 billion
8 Wilma 2005 $27.4 billion
9 Andrew 1992 $27.3 billion
10 Ivan 2004 $26.1 billion

Deadliest Atlantic hurricanes

Hurricane Mitch killed at least 11,374 people in Central America in October 1998.
Main article: List of deadliest Atlantic hurricanes
Deadliest Atlantic hurricanes
Rank Hurricane Season Fatalities
1 "Great Hurricane" 1780 22,000+
2 Mitch 1998 11,374+
3 "Galveston" 1900 8,000 – 12,000
4 Fifi 1974 8,000 – 10,000
5 Flora 1963 7,186 – 8,000
6 "Dominican Republic" 1930 2,000 – 8,000
7 "Pointe-à-Pitre" 1776 6,000+
8 "Newfoundland" 1775 4,000 – 4,163
9 "Okeechobee" 1928 4,075+
10 "Monterrey" 1909 4,000

Most tornadoes spawned

Hurricane Ivan spawned 120 tornadoes, more tornadoes than any other tropical cyclone on record.
See also: List of tropical cyclone-spawned tornadoes
Number of tornadoes spawned[37]
Rank Count Name Year
1 120 Hurricane Ivan 2004
2 115 Hurricane Beulah 1967
3 103[38] Hurricane Frances 2004
4 101 Hurricane Rita 2005
5 57 Hurricane Katrina 2005
6 54 Hurricane Harvey 2017
7 50 Tropical Storm Fay 2008
8 49 Hurricane Gustav 2008
9 47 Hurricane Georges 1998
10 44 Hurricane Cindy 2005

Miscellaneous records

Distance traveled

Greatest Travels
Sources: NOAA[39][40]
Rank Distance
(Miles) 		Name Date
1 6,850 Hurricane Faith 1966
2 6,000 Hurricane Carrie 1957
3 5,760 Hurricane Alberto 2000
4 5,210 Hurricane Cleo 1964
Hurricane Chloe 1967
6 4,990 Hurricane Flora 1963

Highest forward speed

Highest forward speed
Rank Speed Name Year Day Time ref(s)
1 69 mph (111 km/h) Tropical Storm Six 1961 September 15 1200 UTC [1][41]
2 68 mph (109 km/h) Hurricane Emily 1987 September 26 1200 UTC [1][41]
3 67 mph (108 km/h) Tropical Storm Eight 1970 August 18 1200 UTC [1]
4 66 mph (106 km/h) Hurricane Luis 1995 September 11 0600 UTC [1]
5 63 mph (101 km/h) Hurricane Lisa 1998 October 9 1800 UTC [1]
Hurricane Irene 1999 October 19 0000 UTC [1]
Tropical Storm Helene 2000 September 25 1200 UTC [1]
Notes
‡ These are the highest estimated forward speeds of any tropical system (including tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes) between 1851 and 2017. This list does not include extratropical systems, which routinely reach very high forward speeds.

Largest in diameter

Below are the largest hurricanes (by gale diameter) ever observed in the Atlantic basin.

Largest Atlantic hurricanes
By diameter of gale-force winds
Rank System Season Diameter
mi km
1 Sandy 2012 1,150 1,850
2 Martin 2022 1,040 1,670
3 Igor 2010 920 1,480
4 Olga 2001 865 1,390
5 Teddy 2020 850 1,370
Sources: [1][2][3][4] [5]

Longest duration

Greatest duration
Sources: NOAA HRD,[42] NHC[43]
Rank Duration
(days, hours) 		Name Date
1 27d, 18h "San Ciriaco" August 1899
2 27d, 6h Hurricane Ginger September 1971
3 24d, 18h Hurricane Inga September 1969
4 22d, 6h Hurricane Nadine September 2012
5 22d Hurricane Kyle September 2002
6 21d Hurricane Four September 1926
7 20d, 18h Hurricane Carrie September 1957
Hurricane Nine September 1893
9 20d, 6h Hurricane Inez September 1966
10 19d, 12h Hurricane Leslie September 2018
Notes
Fluctuated between tropical and post-tropical at some point in its existence, so the number of days is non-consecutive.

Longest duration as a Category 5 hurricane

Greatest duration as a Category 5
Sources: HURDAT2[44]
Rank Duration
(days, hours) 		Name Date
1 3d, 6h "Cuba" November 1932
2 3d Hurricane Allen August 1980
Hurricane Irma September 2017
4 2d, 12h Hurricane Ivan September 2004
5 1d, 18h Hurricane David August 1979
Hurricane Mitch October 1998
Hurricane Isabel September 2003
8 1d, 6h Hurricane Camille August 1969
Hurricane Maria September 2017
10 1d "Bahamas" September 1932
Hurricane Gilbert September 1988
Hurricane Rita September 2005
Hurricane Dean August 2007
Hurricane Felix September 2007
Notes
Was a Category 5 hurricane on more than one occasion, fluctuating between Category 5 strength and an inferior category, therefore the time period at Category 5 intensity is discontinuous.

Worldwide cyclone records set by Atlantic storms

See also

Notes

  1. ^ A major hurricane is a storm that ranks as Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.[5]
  2. ^ The first storm of 1938 was the earliest instance of a tropical cyclone reaching tropical storm intensity during the year. However, an unnamed tropical storm in 1951 was the earliest instance of a tropical cyclone to have peaked at tropical storm intensity; it did so on January 4.[1]
  3. ^ Hurricane Otto of 2016 was the latest instance of a tropical cyclone reaching Category 2 intensity during the year. However, a hurricane in 1879 was the latest instance of a tropical cyclone to have peaked at Category 2 intensity; it did so on November 20.[1]
  4. ^ Storms with quotations are officially unnamed. Tropical storms and hurricanes were not named before the year 1950.[26]
  5. ^ Alice formed in December 1954 but persisted into January 1955.
  6. ^ a b These are the strongest systems in their respective months by virtue of being the only known systems.
  7. ^ Hurricanes Audrey (1957) and Alex (2010) had the same minimum pressure, though Audrey was a Category 3 hurricane at peak strength while Alex peaked as a high-end Category 2.
  8. ^ Most Atlantic hurricane seasons between 1851, the first year of the Atlantic tropical cyclone record, and 1930, as well as many seasons between 1930 and 1965, included 7 or less recorded tropical storms or hurricanes, but are not included on this chart since they were before the inauguration of satellite data in the mid-1960s.
  9. ^ All damage figures are in United States dollars, and are not adjusted for inflation.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2024. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ National Hurricane Center. "Tropical Cyclone Climatology". Miami, Florida: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  3. ^ a b c Dorst, Neal (January 21, 2010). "G1) When is hurricane season?". Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). 4.6. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved 14 August 2013. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ a b c Landsea, Chris; et al. (June 2013). "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT" (TXT). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division. Retrieved 14 August 2013. Cite error: The named reference "Metadata" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  5. ^ Goldenburg, Stan (June 1, 2012). "A3) What is a super-typhoon? What is a major hurricane? What is an intense hurricane?". Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). 4.5. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved 3 September 2013. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Hurricanes: Science and Society. "1957 – Hurricane Audrey". Storms in the 1950s. University of Rhode Island. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  7. ^ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/20160720_pa_1956to1960Reanalysis.pdf
  8. ^ a b Franklin, James L.; Brown, Daniel P. (March 10, 2006). Hurricane Emily (PDF). National Hurricane Center Tropical Cyclone Report (Report). Miami, Florida: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2013. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Hurricane.com. "Atlantic Hurricane and Tropical Storm Records". Hurricane.com. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
  10. ^ Chambers, Gillan (December 1999). "Late Hurricanes: a Message for the Regio". Environment and development in coastal regions and in small islands. Coast and Beach Stability in the Lesser Antilles. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
  11. ^ Paolino, JJ; Myrie, Donovan (2011). "Category Five Notables". Stormfacts.net. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
  12. ^ a b http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL162016_Otto.pdf
  13. ^ Beven, John L.; Avila, Lixion A.; Blake, Eric S.; Brown, Daniel P.; Franklin, James L.; Knabb, Richard D.; Pasch, Richard J.; Rhome, Jamie R.; Stewart, Stacy R. (March 2008). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2005" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. Monthly Weather Review Atlantic Hurricane Season Summary. 136 (3). Miami, Florida: American Meteorological Society: 1109–1173. Bibcode:2008MWRv..136.1109B. doi:10.1175/2007MWR2074.1. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  14. ^ a b Landsea, Chris (April 21, 2010). "E1) Which is the most intense tropical cyclone on record?". Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). 4.6. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved 22 September 2013. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ Mayfield, Max (November 29, 1995). Hurricane Opal Preliminary Report (Preliminary Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on 3 May 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2013. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ Louisiana Geographic Information Center. "The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale". Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  17. ^ National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division; Central Pacific Hurricane Center (April 26, 2024). "The Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane database 1949–2023". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from the original on May 29, 2024. A guide on how to read the database is available here. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
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  28. ^ Brown, Daniel. "Hurricane Maria Intermediate Advisory Number 15A". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  29. ^ Alessandra Potenza. "Irma is now one of the strongest hurricanes ever recorded in the Atlantic". The Verge. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
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  32. ^ Knabb, Richard D.; Rhome, Jamie R. "Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Katrina." National Hurricane Center. December 20, 2005.
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  38. ^ John L. Beven II. Hurricane Frances. Retrieved on 2007-04-08.
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  40. ^ Moore, Paul L. (December 1, 1957). "The Hurricane Season of 1957" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 85 (12). Miami, Florida: American Meteorological Society: 401–408. Bibcode:1957MWRv...85..401M. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1957)085<0401:THSO>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved February 22, 2013.
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  44. ^ Daniel Brown; Chris Landsea (September 5, 2017). Hurricane Irma Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
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  48. ^ "What is the largest known outbreak of tropical cyclone tornadoes?". Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
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