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List of currencies in Europe

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The eurozone as of 2013
  Eurozone member states
  ERM II member states with an opt-out
  ERM II member states
  Other EU member states
  States using the euro as a result of a treaty
  States which have unilaterally adopted the euro

There are 29 currencies currently used in the 50 countries of Europe. All de facto present currencies in Europe, and an incomplete list of the preceding currency, are listed here.

In Europe, the most commonly used currency is the euro (used by 25 countries); any country entering the European Union (EU) is expected to join the eurozone[1] when they meet the five convergence criteria.[2] Denmark is the only EU member state which has been granted an exemption from using the euro.[1] Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Sweden have not adopted the Euro either, although unlike Denmark, they have not formally opted out; instead, they fail to meet the ERM II (Exchange Rate Mechanism) which results in the non-use of the Euro.[3][4] For countries which hope to join the eurozone, there are five guidelines that need to be followed, grouped in the Maastricht criteria.[1]

The United Kingdom's currency, sterling, is rated fourth on Investopedia's list of the top 8 most tradable currencies, and that it is a "little bit more volatile than the euro".[5] It was ranked just ahead of the Swiss franc, ranked fifth, which is used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, saying that the set up of the Swiss banking "emphasizes the economic and financial stability policies dictated by the governing board of the SNB". Both are in the top 8 major currencies on Bloomberg.[6] Several countries use currencies which translate as "crown": the Czech koruna, the Norwegian krone, the Danish krone, the Icelandic króna, and the Swedish krona.[7]

At present, the euro is legal tender in 20 out of 27 European Union member states,[8] in addition to 5 countries not part of the EU (Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City, Andorra and Montenegro).[9] Kosovo also uses the euro,[9] but is only partially recognised as an independent state.

European currencies

List of all European currencies
Country Present currency Currency sign ISO 4217 code Fractional unit Previous currency
 Albania lek[10] — ALL qintar none
 Andorra euro[11] € EUR euro cent none official[11][12]
 Armenia dram ֏ AMD luma Soviet rouble
 Austria euro[13] € EUR euro cent schilling[14]
 Azerbaijan manat[15] ₼ AZN gapik Soviet rouble[16]
 Belarus rouble[17][18] Rbl BYN kopeck old Belarusian rouble[19]
 Belgium euro[20] € EUR euro cent franc[21]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark[22] KM BAM fening dinar[23]
 Bulgaria lev[24] лв BGN stotinka old lev
 Croatia euro[25] € EUR euro cent kuna[26]
 Cyprus euro[27] € EUR euro cent pound[28]
 Czech Republic koruna[29] Kč CZK heller Czechoslovak koruna[30]
 Denmark krone[31] DKr DKK øre rigsdaler[32]
 Estonia euro[33][34] € EUR euro cent kroon[35][36]
 Finland euro[37] € EUR euro cent mark[38]
 France euro[39] € EUR euro cent franc[40]
 Georgia lari[41] ₾ GEL tetri kuponi[42]
 Germany euro[43] € EUR euro cent deutschmark
 Greece euro[44] € EUR euro cent drachma[45]
 Hungary forint[46] Ft HUF fillér pengo[47]
 Iceland króna[48] Kr ISK aurar old króna[48]
 Ireland euro[49] € EUR euro cent punt[50]
 Italy euro[51] € EUR euro cent lira[52]
 Latvia euro € EUR euro cent lats[53]
 Liechtenstein franc[54][55] SFr CHF rappen krone[56]
 Lithuania euro[57][58] € EUR euro cent litas
 Luxembourg euro[59] € EUR euro cent franc[60]
 Malta euro[61] € EUR euro cent lira[62]
 Moldova leu[63] — MDL bani cupon[64]
 Monaco euro[65] € EUR euro cent franc
 Montenegro euro[65] € EUR euro cent deutschmark[66]
 Netherlands euro[67] € EUR euro cent guilder[68]
 North Macedonia denar[69] DEN MKD deni old denar[70]
 Norway krone[71] NKr NOK øre speciedaler[72]
 Poland zloty[73] zl PLN grosz old zloty
 Portugal euro[74] € EUR euro cent escudo[75]
 Romania leu[76] − RON bani old leu[77]
 Russia rouble[78] ₽ RUB kopeck old Russian rouble
 San Marino euro[79] € EUR euro cent lira[79]
 Serbia dinar[80] DIN RSD para Yugoslav dinar[80]
 Slovakia euro[81] € EUR euro cent koruna[81]
 Slovenia euro[82] € EUR euro cent tolar[82]
 Spain euro[83] € EUR euro cent peseta[83]
 Sweden krona[84] SKr SEK öre riksdaler[84]
  Switzerland franc[85] SFr CHF rappen, also called
centime, centesimo, and rap 		none[85]
 Turkey lira[86] ₺ TRY kuruş old lira[86]
 Ukraine hryvnia[87] ₴ UAH kopeck (копійка) karbovanets[87]
 United Kingdom sterling[88] £ GBP penny (pl. pence) pre-decimal sterling[89]
 Vatican City euro[90] € EUR euro cent lira[91]

Currencies of partially recognized states in Europe

List of all unrecognized European currencies
Unrecognized country De jure country Present currency Currency sign ISO 4217 code Fractional unit Previous currency
 Abkhazia  Georgia apsar

Russian rouble (both official)

—
₽ 		—
RUB 		kopeck old Russian rouble
 Kosovo  Serbia euro

Serbian dinar (unofficial, only in Serb majority areas)

€

DIN

EUR

RSD

cent

Para

Yugoslav dinar
 North Cyprus  Cyprus Turkish lira
euro (unofficial)
sterling (unofficial) 		₺

€
£

TRY

EUR
GBP

kuruş

cent
penny

Cypriot pound
 South Ossetia  Georgia Russian rouble ₽ RUB kopeck old Russian rouble
 Transnistria  Moldova Transnistrian rouble руб — kopeck old Transnistrian rouble

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Stastna, Kazi (9 December 2011). "Euro: the common currency explained". CBC News. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  2. ^ "Who can join and when?". European Commission. 4 September 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  3. ^ "ERM II". Minestary of Finance. 11 November 2011. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  4. ^ "Sweden and the euro". European Commission. 8 August 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  5. ^ "Top 8 Most Tradable Currencies". Investopedia. 30 June 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  6. ^ "Currencies: Major World Currencies". Bloomberg. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  7. ^ Mapes, Terri. "Currencies in Europe". About.com. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
  8. ^ "The euro". Europa. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  9. ^ a b "Introduction". European Central Bank. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  10. ^ "ALL – Albanian Lek". Xe. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  11. ^ a b "By monetary agreement between France (acting for the EC) and Monaco". Retrieved 30 May 2010.
  12. ^ "The euro outside the euro area". European Commission: economic and financial affairs. 5 September 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  13. ^ "Local Currency in Austria". CurrencyName.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  14. ^ "Austrian Schilling". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  15. ^ "AZN – Azerbaijani New Manat". Xe. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
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  17. ^ "Banknotes and Coins of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus". National Bank of the Republic of Belarus. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  18. ^ "BYR – Belarusian Ruble". Xe. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
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  24. ^ "BGN – Bulgarian Lev". Xe. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
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  33. ^ "Estonia (since 1 January 2011)". European Central Bank. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
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  37. ^ "Finland and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
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  39. ^ "France and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  40. ^ "French Franc". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  41. ^ "Banknotes". National Bank of Georgia. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  42. ^ "Georgian Lari". Financial Dictionary. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  43. ^ "DM coins". Bundesbank. Archived from the original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  44. ^ "Greece and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
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  46. ^ "Hungarian Forint". Famous Wonders. 28 April 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  47. ^ "1925. évi XXXV. törvénycikk (Hungarian)". 1000ev.hu. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  48. ^ a b "Iceland Krona". Oanda. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  49. ^ "Ireland and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  50. ^ Kelly, John (Spring 2003). "The Irish Pound: From Origins to EMU" (PDF). Irish Central Bank. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  51. ^ "Italy and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  52. ^ Del Boca, Alessandra; Fratianni, Michele U.; Spinelli, Franco; Trecroci, Carmine (16 June 2009). "The Phillips Curve and the Italian Lira, 1861–1998". Social Science Research Network. SSRN 1156845. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  53. ^ "Introduction". Latvijas Banka. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  54. ^ "Europe > Liechtenstein > Currency". Nation Master. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  55. ^ "Liechtenstein Exchange Rate". Greenwichmeantime. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  56. ^ "Liechtenstein Krone Y# 2". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  57. ^ "Lithuanian Litas". Famous Wonders. 22 May 2011. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  58. ^ "EUR– euro". Xe. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  59. ^ "Luxembourg and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
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  61. ^ "Malta's euro coins". Central Bank of Malta. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  62. ^ "The Coinage of Malta". Central Bank of Malta. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  63. ^ "Moldovan Leu". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  64. ^ "Moldovan Cupon". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  65. ^ a b "Introduction". European Central Bank. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  66. ^ Anderson, Paul (3 January 2002). "Montenegro's euro challenge". BBC. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  67. ^ "Netherlands". Eurozone. Archived from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  68. ^ "Netherlands Gilder". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  69. ^ "Ќе се слават 20 години од македонскиот денар (Macedonian)". HobaMakeДohhja. 20 February 2011. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  70. ^ "Macedonian Denar". Oanda. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
  71. ^ "NOK – Norwegian Krone". Xe. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  72. ^ "Norwegian Kroner". Oanda. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
  73. ^ "Convert United States Dollar to Polish Zloty". Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  74. ^ "Portugal and the Euro". EU Business. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  75. ^ "Portuguese Escudo". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  76. ^ ]"Redenomination of domestic currency". Banca Naţională a României. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  77. ^ "Romanian New Leu". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  78. ^ "Russian Rouble". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  79. ^ a b "Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino". The Euro Information Website. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  80. ^ a b "Serbian Dinar". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  81. ^ a b "Slovak Koruna". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  82. ^ a b "Slovenian Tolar". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  83. ^ a b "Spanish peseta". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  84. ^ a b "Swedish Krona". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  85. ^ a b "Swiss Franc". Oanda. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  86. ^ a b "Turkish Lira". Oanda. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  87. ^ a b "Ukraine Hryvnia". Oanda. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
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  89. ^ Dawnay, Kit (8 October 2001). "A history of sterling". The Telegraph. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
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  91. ^ "The New Philatelic and Numismatic Museum – Official celebrative Envelope". Vatican City State. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
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