List of journalists killed in the United States
Numerous journalists have been murdered or killed in the United States while reporting, covering a military conflict, or because of their status as a journalist. At least 39 of these have been directly targeted as a result of their journalistic investigations.[1] The most recent journalists killed in the United States were four reporters for The Capital in Annapolis, Maryland, who were killed on June 28, 2018 in a mass shooting at the newspaper's office.
The most dangerous sector of the US media after 1980 has been the race and ethnic press.[2][3] According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, ten journalists serving the Vietnamese, Haitian and Chinese immigrant communities were killed in political assassinations between 1980 and 1993.[4][5][6] Chauncey Bailey, who was the editor at a large circulation African American newspaper, was murdered in 2007 for his investigative reporting.[7]
Since the September 11 attacks, terrorism-related deaths involving journalists is another trend.[8][9]
In some cases, journalists have been attacked but survived, such as Victor Riesel.[10]
List
Date | Name | Employer | Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
November 7, 1837 | Elijah Parish Lovejoy | Alton Observer | Alton, Illinois | This abolition editor was killed by a mob supporting slavery in the Union.[11][12] |
June 6, 1843 | James Hagan | Vicksburg Sentinel | Vicksburg, Mississippi | Hagan was killed in a duel by Daniel Weisiger Adams-the son of a man he had criticized in his newspaper.[13][14][15][16] |
February 29, 1844 | James A. Ryan | Vicksburg Sentinel | Vicksburg, Mississippi | The Vicksburg Sentinel was a Democratic paper and Ryan was killed by his rival Whig counterpart in a duel on their second fight.[14] |
September 15, 1848 | John Jenkins | Vicksburg Sentinel | Vicksburg, Mississippi | Killed in a fight with an attorney after the two had a previous altercation.[13] |
June 22, 1854 | Joseph Mansfield | San Joaquin Republican | Stockton, California | Mansfield was killed in a fight with a rival editor, both of whom were Democrats.[17] |
May 20, 1856 | James King of William | Daily Evening Bulletin | San Francisco, California | [18][19] |
April 6, 1862 | Irving W. Carson | New-York Tribune | Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee | First journalist to be killed during the U.S. Civil War. Killed by a cannonball fire while covering the Battle of Shiloh and General Ulysses S. Grant.[20] |
June 23, 1863 | Lynde Walter Buckingham | New York Herald | Aldie, Virginia | Killed as a result of an ambush during the U.S. Civil War. He was buried at the Mount Zion Old School Baptist Church-VDHR 53-339 in Aldie.[21] |
October 6, 1863 | James O'Neal | Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper | Baxter Springs, Kansas | O'Neal was an artist-correspondent murdered by Quantrill's guerrillas at the Baxter Springs Massacre.[22] |
May 6, 1864 | Samuel Fiske (aka Dunn Browne) | Springfield Republican | Fredericksburg, Virginia | Capt. Fiske wrote under the name Dunn Browne and served in the army and was mortally wounded at the Battle of the Wilderness.[23] |
September 14, 1866 | Ridgeway Glover | Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper | Fort Phil Kearny, Wyoming | While covering the American Indian Wars, Glover was killed and mutilated during the construction of Fort Kearny in 1866.[24] |
November 5, 1871 | Frederick Wadsworth Loring | Appleton's Journal | Wickenburg, Arizona | Was killed while on assignment out west in what is known as the Wickenburg Massacre, an attack on a stagecoach by Native Americans.[25] |
June 25, 1876 | Mark Kellogg | Associated Press | Little Bighorn Battlefield, Montana | The first Associated Press journalist to die while reporting.[26] |
March 27, 1877 | J. Clarke Swayze | Topeka Daily Blade | Topeka, Kansas | Swayze was killed after publishing a critical article about his murderer.[27] |
April 23, 1880 | Charles de Young | The Daily Dramatic Chronicle | San Francisco, California | With his brother M. H. de Young, he founded the newspaper that would become the San Francisco Chronicle. The mayor's son killed him in revenge for a feud de Young had with his father.[28] |
November 17, 1881 | A. B. Thornton | Boonville News | Boonville, Missouri | The town marshal killed Thornton because of criticism from the newspaper and won acquittal based on the perception that the criticism was too intense.[29] |
March 27, 1884 | Charles L. Kusz | The Gringo and Greaser | Manzano, New Mexico | Shot through his window by unknown gunman on horses. His newspaper was reform oriented and created enemies as it sought changes.[30] |
May 5, 1887 | Roderick D. Gambrell | The Shield and Sword | Jackson, Mississippi | Shot by Colonel Jones S. Hamilton for publishing allegations of corrupt business practices Hamilton was engaged in with the state of Mississippi. Hamilton was shot by Gambrell, but survived and was later acquitted of his murder by a jury.[31][32][33] |
May 1, 1888 | John H. Martin | New Mississippian | Jackson, Mississippi | Shot in a street encounter with ex-Confederate General Wirt Adams, who was also shot and killed by Martin. Martin published numerous attacks on Adams's character in part due to his association with Colonel Hamilton, killer of the aforementioned Roderick D. Gambrell.[33][34] Wirt Adams was the brother of Daniel Weisiger Adams who 45 years before had killed a Vicksberg newspaper editor in a duel |
February 1, 1891 | Ignacio Martínez | El Mundo | Laredo, Texas | Owned a newspaper that wrote critical articles on the regime of Mexican President Porfirio Díaz. His murderers fled to Mexico and were never arrested.[35] |
February 23, 1891 | Albert C. Osborne | Sunday World | Columbus, Ohio | Killed in a shootout with William J. Elliott, a rival editor of the Sunday Capital, and Elliott's brother, Patrick. A bystander was also killed and a number of others wounded. Elliott was convicted of second-degree murder and sentenced to life imprisonment at Ohio Penitentiary.[36][37][38] |
April 1, 1898 | William Cowper Brann | Iconoclast | Waco, Texas | Wrote critical articles about Baptists. Shot in the back during a duel.[39] |
January 15, 1903 | Narciso Gener Gonzales | The State | Columbia, South Carolina | He was killed by James H. Tillman, the Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina, who was acquitted of murder by a jury.[40] |
November 9, 1908 | Edward W. Carmack | Nashville American | Nashville, Tennessee | Former congressman and senator. He was killed by a former army officer who disapproved of his name appearing in an article and threatened the editor.[41] |
December 25, 1915 | Huang Yuanyong | Shao Nian Zhong Guo Weekly | San Francisco, California | The Chinese national was murdered while visiting the United States. The case remained unsolved but Kuomintang (KMT) supporters were suspected of carrying out the assassination at the Shanghai Low restaurant.[42] |
July 16, 1927 | Don Mellett | Canton Daily News | Canton, Ohio | Shot to death in his garage as a result of a conspiracy with a crime boss and the police chief of Canton.[1] |
June 9, 1930 | Jake Lingle | Chicago Tribune | Chicago, Illinois | Killed in gangland-style by associates of Al Capone. In addition to his job as a reporter, Lingle was on the payroll of Capone's criminal organization.[43] |
July 23, 1930 | Jerry Buckley | WMBC-AM | Detroit, Michigan | Gunned down on election night.[44] |
September 6, 1934 | Howard Guilford | The Saturday Press | Minneapolis, Minnesota | Editor of a newspaper that exposed corruption and organized crime. He and partner Jay Near won the US Supreme Court decision in Near v. Minnesota.[45][46] |
December 9, 1935 | Walter Liggett | Midwest American | Minneapolis, Minnesota | He wrote about political corruption and organized crime.[47][48] |
January 11, 1943 | Carlo Tresca | Il Martello (The Hammer) | New York City, New York | Radical socialist newspaper editor and labor activist; believed to have been killed by Mafia hitman.[49] |
January 22, 1945 | Arthur Kasherman | Public Press (alternative) | Minneapolis, Minnesota | His death figured into Hubert Humphrey's mayoral victory.[50] |
July 29, 1949 | W.H. "Bill" Mason | KBKI (AM) | Alice, Texas | Known as a crusading radio journalist in a county ruled with an iron hand by local law enforcement, Mason was shot dead by Sheriff deputy Sam Smithwick, who Mason had publicly accused of running a strip club. The senate candidate who lost to Lyndon B. Johnson believed that Smithwick had information about how the election had been rigged but Smithwick was hanged before their meeting. Mason's tombstone reads: "He had the nerve to tell the truth for a lot of little people."[1][51][52][53] |
September 30, 1962 | Paul Guihard | Agence France-Presse | Oxford, Mississippi | Guihard was a British-French citizen who was killed during the civil rights era at the University of Mississippi. He was assigned to photograph the events surrounding James Meredith's attendance when he turned his focus on riots and in the confusion was shot. His murder remains an unsolved case.[54] |
August 29, 1970 | Rubén Salazar | Los Angeles Times | Los Angeles, California | Salazar was killed by deputies of the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department while covering the Chicano Moratorium protest in East Los Angeles. The park where the protest took place was later renamed Salazar Park in his honor.[55][56] |
June 2, 1976 | Don Bolles | Arizona Republic | Phoenix, Arizona | Murdered by a car bomb. Initially assumed to have been a mafia hit, [57][58][59] three local men were later convicted of his death. The motive was determined to have been feared exposure of involvement in a land fraud scheme.[60][61][62] |
March 9, 1977 | Maurice Williams | WHUR-FM | Washington, D.C. | He was murdered during the 1977 Hanafi Siege.[63] |
June 28, 1978 | John A. Kelly | WHDH-TV | Boston, Massachusetts | Killed during the Blackfriars Massacre.[64] |
July 21, 1981 | Duong Trong Lam | Cai Dinh Lang (The Village Temple) | San Francisco, California | Killed by gunfire from a member of one of two anti-communist groups that claimed responsibility for his assassination.[5][6][65][66][67][68] |
August 24, 1982 | Nguyen Dam Phong | Tu Do (Freedom) | Houston, Texas | Was assassinated at his home by an anti-communist group.[5][6][65][66][69] |
June 19, 1984 | Alan Berg | KOA (AM) | Denver, Colorado | A liberal radio show host who was murdered by a white nationalist group.[70] |
October 15, 1984 | Henry Liu (a.k.a. Chiang Nan) | Freelancer and author | Daly City, California | A critic of the Kuomintang who was assassinated on the orders of the Kuomintang.[71] |
August 9, 1987 | Tap Van Pham (a.k.a. Hoai Diep Tu) | Mai | Garden Grove, California | He was assassinated by arson while sleeping in his office by an anti-communist group that took responsibility.[5][6][65][66] |
November 22, 1989 | Nhan Trong Do | Van Nghe Tien Phong | Fairfax County, Virginia | A layout designer who worked with Triet Le, he was the first employer of the Vietnamese-language magazine to be assassinated.[5][6][65][66][72] |
September 22, 1990 | Triet Le | Van Nghe Tien Phong | Bailey's Crossroads, Virginia | A columnist of controversial content for the same Vietnamese magazine that employed Nhan Trong Do. Assassinated.[5][6][65][66][72][73] |
February 18, 1991 | Jean-Claude Olivier | WLQY-AM (1320) | Little Haiti, Miami, Florida | A colleague of D'Or, he was known for his controversial commentary and was assassinated on his way to his car.[74][75] |
March 15, 1991 | Fritz D'Or | WLQY-AM (1320) | Little Haiti, Miami, Florida | A colleague of Olivier's at WLQY, he was assassinated as he left a club.[74][76] |
March 11, 1992 | Manuel de Dios Unanue | El Diario La Prensa | Queens, New York City, New York | Murdered by Colombian drug traffickers for writing about drug trade.[77][78] |
October 24, 1993 | Dona St. Plite | WKAT | Little Haiti, Miami, Florida | St. Plite was attending a benefit for former colleague Fritz Dor when he was also assassinated for supporting Jean-Bertrand Aristide.[74][79] |
October 18, 2000 | James Edwin Richards | Citizen journalist, editor and publisher | Venice, Los Angeles, California | Richards was murdered at his Oakwood neighborhood home in the neighborhood where he had established himself as a citizen crime reporter.[80][81] |
September 11, 2001 | Bill Biggart | Freelance photographer | Lower Manhattan, New York City, New York | Killed while photographing the rescue effort outside the World Trade Center before the tower collapsed.[82] |
October 5, 2001 | Robert Stevens | Sun | Boca Raton, Florida | Murdered as one of the media targets of the 2001 anthrax attacks less than a month after 9/11.[83] |
August 2, 2007 | Chauncey Bailey | The Oakland Post | Oakland, California | After investigating corruption in his community, Bailey was murdered on his way to work by the target of his reporting.[1][7] |
August 26, 2015 | Alison Parker | WDBJ 7 | Moneta, Virginia | Parker, a reporter, and Ward, a photojournalist, were shot on live television by one-time colleague Vester Flanagan while interviewing a subject about tourism.[84] |
Adam Ward | ||||
June 28, 2018 | Gerald Fischman | The Capital | Annapolis, Maryland | The five employees of The Capital were murdered during the Capital Gazette shooting in the newspaper's office. The suspect in the shooting, Jarrod Ramos, had held a grudge against the newspaper since it published a story about his guilty plea in a criminal harassment case in 2011.[85] Hiassen was an editor and columnist, Fischman was an editorial columnist, Winters was a journalist and McNamara was a sports reporter for the Capital and the editor for the affiliated weekly Bowie Blade-News. Also killed in the shooting was Rebecca Smith, a sales associate for Capital Gazette Communications.[86][87][88][89][90] |
Rob Hiaasen | ||||
John McNamara | ||||
Wendi Winters |
Other journalists and media workers killed on 9/11
The only professional, working journalist to die while covering the September 11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City was photojournalist Bill Biggart, who was killed by falling debris as he was taking photographs.[91][92] However, the International Federation of Journalists, which also counts media workers, said that six other media workers and a journalist who were not working at the time died in the attacks. Among those media workers listed as killed were six broadcast TV engineers, who worked inside a tower, and another professional photojournalist, who was a passenger on the first plane that was flown into the WTC.[93]
- Rod Coppola, TV engineer for WNET-TV, WTC (North Tower)[94]
- Donald DiFranco, TV engineer for WABC-TV, WTC (North Tower)[94]
- Steve Jacobson, TV engineer for WPIX-TV, WTC (North Tower)[94]
- Bob Pattison, TV engineer for WCBS-TV, WTC (North Tower)[93][94]
- Thomas Pecorelli, professional freelance photojournalist, American Airlines Flight 11 passenger[93]
- Isias Rivera, TV engineer for WCBS-TV, WTC (North Tower)[93][94]
- William Steckman, TV engineer for WNBC-TV, WTC (North Tower)[94]
Gallery
See also
References
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{{cite news}}
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The Republic confirmed Robison's death this week when it obtained a death certificate from the San Bernardino County clerk's office, showing he died in 2013 at age 90.
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