List of mayors of Washington, D.C.
The list of mayors of Washington, D.C. is a reflection of the changing structure of its local government. From 1846 to 1871, three separate municipalities were located within the District of Columbia and each was governed separately: the City of Washington, Georgetown, and unincorporated territory known as Washington County. With the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871, the three municipalities within the District of Columbia were abolished in favor of a single District government, whose chief executive was a territorial Governor. This office was abolished in 1874, and replaced with a three-member Board of Commissioners appointed by the President. This system existed until 1967, when it was replaced by a single mayor-commissioner and city council appointed by the President. Finally, in 1974, the District of Columbia Home Rule Act allowed for District residents to elect their own mayor.
Currently, the Mayor of the District of Columbia is popularly elected to a four-year term with no term limits. Even though Washington, DC is not a state, the city government also has certain state-level responsibilities, making some of the mayor's duties analogous to those of United States governors. The current mayor of Washington, D.C. is Muriel Bowser, a Democrat, who has served in the role since January 2, 2015.
The lists on this page include all of the chief executives of the District of Columbia in their various forms.
Mayors of the City of Washington (1802–1871)
The persons listed below are the mayors of the now-defunct City of Washington, which was officially granted a formal government in 1802. The Mayor of Washington had authority over city services, appointments, and local tax assessments; however, the duties of the mayor mostly consisted of requesting appropriations from Congress to finance the city. From 1802 to 1812, the mayor was appointed by the President of the United States. Between 1812 and 1820, the city's mayors were then selected by a city council. From 1820 to 1871 the mayor was popularly elected. The present-day boundaries of the "Old City" were Rock Creek to the west, Florida Avenue to the north, and the Anacostia River to the east and south.
| Image | Mayor[1] | Term Began | Term Ended |
|---|---|---|---|
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Robert Brent | 1802 | 1812 |
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Daniel Rapine | 1812 | 1813 |
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James H. Blake | 1813 | 1817 |
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Benjamin G. Orr | 1817 | 1819 |
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Samuel N. Smallwood | 1819 | 1822 |
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Thomas Carbery | 1822 | June 1824 |
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Samuel N. Smallwood | June 1824 | September 30, 1824 |
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Roger C. Weightman | September 30, 1824 | 1827 |
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Joseph Gales | 1827 | 1830 |
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John P. Van Ness | 1830 | 1834 |
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William A. Bradley | 1834 | 1836 |
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Peter Force | 1836 | 1840 |
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William Winston Seaton | 1840 | 1850 |
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Walter Lenox | 1850 | 1852 |
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John W. Maury | 1852 | 1854 |
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John T. Towers | 1854 | 1856 |
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William B. Magruder | 1856 | 1858 |
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James G. Berret | 1858 | August 26, 1861 |
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Richard Wallach | August 26, 1861 | 1868 |
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Sayles J. Bowen | 1868 | June 7, 1870 |
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Matthew G. Emery[2] | June 7, 1870 | February 28, 1871 |
Mayors of Georgetown (1790–1871)
Georgetown was a town in Maryland until 1801, when it became a municipality within the District of Columbia. From 1802 until 1871, mayors of Georgetown were elected to one-year terms, with no term limits.[3] Like the City of Washington and Washington County, Georgetown's local government ceased to exist in 1871, when Congress merged the three entities into the single District government.[4]
| Mayor[1] | Term Began | Term Ended |
|---|---|---|
| Robert Peter | 1790 | 1791 |
| Thomas Beale | 1791 | 1792 |
| Uriah Forrest | 1792 | 1793 |
| John Threlkeld | 1793 | 1794 |
| Pedro Casenave | 1794 | 1795 |
| Thomas Turner | 1795 | 1796 |
| Daniel Reintzel | 1796 | 1797 |
| Lloyd Beall | 1797 | 1799 |
| Daniel Reintzel | 1799 | 1804 |
| Thomas Corcoran | 1805 | 1806 |
| Daniel Reintzel | 1806 | 1807 |
| Thomas Corcoran | 1808 | 1810 |
| David Wiley | 1811 | 1812 |
| Thomas Corcoran | 1812 | 1813 |
| John Peter | 1813 | 1818 |
| Henry Foxall | 1819 | 1820 |
| John Peter | 1821 | 1822 |
| John Cox | 1823 | 1845 |
| Henry Addison | 1845 | 1857 |
| Richard R. Crawford | 1857 | 1861 |
| Henry Addison | 1861 | 1867 |
| Charles D. Welch | 1867 | 1869 |
| Henry M. Sweeney | 1869 | 1871 |
Governors of the District of Columbia (1871–1874)
In 1871, Congress created a territorial government for the entire District of Columbia, which was headed by a governor appointed by the President of the United States to a four-year term. Due to alleged mismanagement and corruption, including allegations of contractors bribing members of the District legislature to receive contracts,[5] the territorial government was discontinued in 1874.
| # | Image | Governor[1] | Term Began | Term Ended |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  |
Henry D. Cooke | February 28, 1871 | September 13, 1873 |
| 2 |  |
Alexander R. Shepherd[6] | September 13, 1873 | June 20, 1874 |
Presidents of the Board of Commissioners (1874–1967)
From 1874 to 1967, the District was administered by a three-member Board of Commissioners with both legislative and executive authority, all appointed by the President. The board comprised one Democrat, one Republican, and one civil engineer with no specified party. The three Commissioners would then elect one of their number to serve as president of the board. While not quite analogous to the role of a mayor, the president of the board was the city's Chief Executive.
| Image | President[7] | Term Began | Term Ended | Political Party |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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William Dennison[8] | July 1, 1874 | July 1, 1878 | Republican |
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Seth Ledyard Phelps | July 1, 1878 | November 29, 1879 | Republican |
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Josiah Dent | November 29, 1879 | July 17, 1882 | Democratic |
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Joseph Rodman West | July 17, 1882 | March 29, 1883 | Republican |
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James Barker Edmonds | March 29, 1883 | January 1, 1886 | Democratic |
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William Benning Webb | January 1, 1886 | May 21, 1889 | None |
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John Watkinson Douglass | May 21, 1889 | March 1, 1893 | None |
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John Wesley Ross | March 1, 1893 | June 1, 1898 | Democratic |
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John Brewer Wright | June 1, 1898 | May 9, 1900 | None |
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Henry Brown Floyd MacFarland | May 9, 1900 | January 24, 1910 | None |
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Cuno Hugo Rudolph | January 24, 1910 | February 28, 1913 | None |
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Oliver Peck Newman | February 28, 1913 | October 9, 1917 | None |
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Louis Brownlow | October 9, 1917 | September 17, 1920 | Democratic |
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Colonel Charles Willauer Kutz (acting) | September 17, 1920 | September 25, 1920 | None |
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John Thilman Hendrick | September 25, 1920 | March 4, 1921 | None |
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Cuno Hugo Rudolph | March 15, 1921 | December 4, 1926 | None |
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Proctor L. Dougherty | December 4, 1926 | April 10, 1930 | None |
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Dr. Luther Halsey Reichelderfer | April 10, 1930 | November 16, 1933 | None |
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Melvin Colvin Hazen | November 16, 1933 | July 15, 1941 | None |
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John Russell Young | July 29, 1941 | June 2, 1952 | None |
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F. Joseph Donohue | June 2, 1952 | April 6, 1953 | None |
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Samuel Spencer | April 6, 1953 | April 6, 1956 | None |
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Robert E. McLoughlin | April 6, 1956 | July 27, 1961 | None |
| File:Walter Nathan Tobriner.jpg | Walter Nathan Tobriner | July 27, 1961 | November 7, 1967 | Democratic |
Mayor-Commissioner (1967–1975)
In 1967, President Lyndon Johnson presented to Congress a plan to reorganize the District's government.[10] The three-commissioner system was replaced by a government headed by a single mayor-commissioner, an assistant mayor-commissioner, and a nine-member city council, all appointed by the president.[10] The mayor-commissioner and his assistant served four-year terms,[11] while the councilmembers served three-year terms.[10] While the Council was officially nonpartisan, no more than six of Councilmembers could be of the same political party.[11] Councilmembers were expected to work part-time.[10] All councilmembers and either the mayor-commissioner or his assistant was required to have been a resident of the District of Columbia for the three years preceding appointment.[11] All must be District residents while serving their terms in office.[11]
Council members had the quasi-legislative powers of the former Board of Commissioners, approving the budget and setting real estate tax rates.[10] The mayor-commissioner could, without any Congressional approval, consolidate District agencies and transfer money between agencies, powers that the preceding Board of Commissioners had not possessed since 1952.[12] The mayor-commissioner could veto the actions of the Council, but the Council could override the veto with a three-fourths vote.[10]
Despite a push by many Republicans and conservative Democrats in the House of Representatives to reject Johnson's plan, the House of Representatives accepted the new form of government for the District by a vote of 244 to 160.[13] Johnson said that the new District government would be more effective and efficient.[10]
Walter E. Washington was appointed the first mayor-commissioner, and Thomas W. Fletcher was appointed the first assistant mayor-commissioner.[14] The first Council appointments were Chairman John W. Hechinger, Vice Chairman Walter E. Fauntroy, Stanley J. Anderson, Margaret A. Haywood, John A. Nevius, William S. Thompson, J.C. Turner, Polly Shackleton, and Joseph P. Yeldell.[14]
| # | Mayor-Commissioner [1] | Term start | Term end | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ! style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" | 1 |  |
Walter Washington | November 7, 1967 | January 2, 1975 | Democratic |
Mayors of the District of Columbia (1975–present)
Since 1975, the District has been administered by a popularly elected mayor and city council.
- Parties
Democratic (8)
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See also
References
- ^ a b c d Larner, John B. (1920). "List of Principal Municipal Authorities of the Cities of Washington, Georgetown, and the District of Columbia". Records of the Columbia Historical Society. 23: 180–7.
- ^ "Washington Election Yesterday". Baltimore American and Commercial Advertiser. via Google News. June 7, 1870.
- ^ Ecker, Grace Dunlop (1933). A Portrait of Old Georgetown. Garrett & Massie. p. 8.
- ^ "New Government in Columbia". The New York Times. January 21, 1871.
- ^ "Bribes Paid by Contractors". The New York Times. March 29, 1974.
- ^ "The District of Columbia Governorship". The New York Times. September 13, 1873.
- ^ Gilmore, Matthew (July 2001). "Who were the Commissioners of the District, 1874–1967?". H-DC. Humanities & Social Sciences Online. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ "The New District Governors". The New York Times. Associated Press. June 30, 1874.
- ^ "DCPL: MLK: Washingtoniana Division: FAQs: DC Commissioners". Retrieved 6 October 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g Carper, Elsie (June 2, 1967). "Johnson Orders New D.C. Rule: Hill Has 60 Days To Act on Plan, But Can't Alter It". The Washington Post. p. A1.
- ^ a b c d "How the District Will Be Run Under Single Head, Council". The Washington Post. August 10, 1967. p. A1.
- ^ Kaiser, Robert G. (June 2, 1967). "Reorganization Plan Redistributes Current Powers". The Washington Post. p. A7.
- ^ Carper, Elsie; Milius, Peter (August 10, 1967). "House Accepts New D.C. Rule". The Washington Post. p. A1.
- ^ a b Asher, Robert L. (November 2, 1967). "Senate Confirms Council: White House Oath Taking Likely for 9". The Washington Post. p. A1.
- ^ Elected as "Sharon Pratt Dixon," but remarried in December 1991.
External links
- Official website
- Archived 2001-03-31 at the Wayback Machine
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