List of state leaders in 1623

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1623.

Africa

• Benin Empire – Ohuan, Oba of Benin (1602–1656)
• Kingdom of Dahomey – Dakodonou (1620–1645)
• Dendi Kingdom – Askia Dawud I (1618–1639)
• Denkyira - Mumunumfi, King of Akan state of Denkyira (1588-1624)
• Ethiopian Empire – Susenyos I (1606–1632)
• Kingdom of Garo – Magela, Bosha dynasty King of Garo (1600–1630)
• Kingdom of Jolof – Birayma Penda (1605–1649)
• Kingdom of Kongo – Pedro II (1622–1624)
• Kingdom of Lunda – Cibind Yirung (c.1600–c.1630)
• Kingdom of Matamba – Mwongo Matamba (c.1600–1631)
• Merina Kingdom – Andrianjaka (1612–1630)
• Kingdom of Mutapa
  1. Gatsi Rusere (1589–1623)
  2. Nyambu Kapararidze (1623–1629)
• Kingdom of Ndongo – Ngola Nzinga Mbandi (1617–1624)
• Kingdom of Rwanda - Mibamwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura (1609–1642)
• Sultanate of Sennar – Rabat I (1616–1644)

Asia

• Aceh Sultanate – Iskandar Muda (1607–1636)
• Ahmadnagar Sultanate –
  • Burhan Shah III, Sultan (1610–1631)
  • Malik Ambar, Prime Minister (1607–1626)
• Ahom kingdom- Susenghphaa (1603-1641)
• Altan Khanate –
  1. Ubasi Khong Tayiji (1609–1623)
  2. Badma Erdeni Khong Tayiji (1623–1652)
• Amber – Jai Singh I, Maharaja of Amber (1622–1667)
• Ayutthaya Kingdom – Songtham (1611–1628)
• Banten Sultanate – Pangeran Ratu (1596–1651)
• Bhutan – Ngawang Namgyal, Shabdrung of Bhutan (1616–1651)
• Bijapur Sultanate – Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580–1627)
• Sultanate of Brunei – Abdul Jalilul Akbar (1598–1659)
• Khanate of Bukhara – Imam Quli Khan (1611–1642)
• Burma (Taungoo dynasty) – Anaukpetlun (1606–1628)
• Cambodia – Chey Chattha II (1618–1628)
• China (Ming dynasty) - Tianqi Emperor (1620–1627)
• Kingdom of Cochin – Ravi Varma, Maharaja of Cochin (1615–1624)
• Golconda Sultanate – Muhammad Qutb Shah (1611–1625)
• Empire of Japan
  • Monarch – Go-Mizunoo (1611–1629)
  • Tokugawa -
    1. Tokugawa Hidetada (1605–1623)
    2. Tokugawa Iemitsu (1623–1651)
  • Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Hō (1621–1640)
• Johor Sultanate –
  1. Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah (1615–1623)
  2. Abdul Jalil Shah III (1623–1677)
• Kingdom of Kandy – Senarat (1604–1635)
• Kazakh Khanate – Esim Khan (1598–1628)
• Kedah Sultanate – Sulaiman Shah II (1602–1625)
• Korea (Joseon dynasty) -
  1. Gwanghaegun (1608–1623)
  2. Injo (1623–1649)
• Sultanate of Maguindanao – Muhammad Kudarat (1619–1671)
• Later Jin (Manchu Empire) - Nurhaci (1616–1626)
• Mataram Sultanate – Agung, (c.1613–1645)
• Mongolia (Northern Yuan dynasty) - Ligdan Khan, Great Khan of the Mongols (1603–1634)
• Mughal Empire – Jahangir (1605–1627)
• Pattani Kingdom – Ratu Biru, Sultana of Pattani (1616–1624)
• Sultanate of Sulu – Muwallil Wasit I (1610–1650)
• Đại Việt (Lê dynasty) - Lê Thần Tông (1619–1643)
• Vijayanagara Empire – Rama Deva Raya (1617–1632)
• Zunghar Khanate – Kharkhul, (c. 1620–1634)

Europe

• Andorra – Luís Díes Aux de Armendáriz, Co-Prince of Andorra (with King Louis XIII of France), (1621–1627)
• Kingdom of Denmark–Norway – Christian IV (1588–1648)
• Kingdom of England – James I (1603–1625) - also King of Scotland
• Kingdom of France – Louis XIII (1610–1643)
• Republic of Genoa –
  1. Giorgio Centurione, Doge of Genoa, (1621–1623)
  2. Federico De Franchi, Doge of Genoa, (1623–1625)
• Holy Roman Empire – Ferdinand II (1619–1637)
  • Electorate of Bavaria – Maximilian I (1597–1651)
  • Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen – John Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1596–1634)
  • Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck – John Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck (1607–1634)
  • Prince-Bishopric of Verden – Frederick II (later Frederick III of Denmark), Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden (1623–1629 and again 1635–1644)
• Kingdom of Imereti – George III (1605–1639)
• Kingdom of Kakheti – Teimuraz I (1605–1614, 1623–1633, 1636–1648)
• Kingdom of Kartli – Simon II (1619–1630)
  • Giorgi Saakadze, Regent and Grand Mouravi of Kartli (1619–1626)
• Principality of Moldavia –
  1. Ştefan II Tomşa (1621–1623)
  2. Radu Mihnea (1623–1626)
• Principality of Monaco – Honoré II (1604–1662)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  1. Mustafa I, Ottoman Sultan (1617–1618 and 1622–1623)
  2. Murad IV, Ottoman Sultan (1623–1640)
• Papal States –
  1. Pope Gregory XV (1621–1623)
  2. Pope Urban VIII (1623–1644)
• Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Sigismund III Vasa (1587–1632)
• Tsardom of Russia – Michael Romanov (1613–1645)
• Kingdom of Scotland – James VI (1567–1625) - also King of England
• Kingdom of Spain – Felipe IV (1621–1665)
• Kingdom of Sweden – Gustavus Adolphus (1611–1632)
• Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Ferdinando II (1621–1670)
  • Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria and Christina of Lorraine, Co-Regents of Tuscany (1621–1628)
• United Provinces
  • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
  • Stadtholder - Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Utrecht and Zeeland (1585–1625)
    • Holland – Grand Pensionary - Anthonie Duyck (1621–1629)
• Republic of Venice –
  1. Antonio Priuli, Doge of Venice (1618–1623)
  2. Francesco Contarini, Doge of Venice (1623–1624)
• Principality of Wallachia –
  1. Radu Mihnea (1620–1623)
  2. Alexandru Coconul (1623–1627)

Middle East and North Africa

• Sultanate of Morocco (Saadi dynasty) – Zidan Abu Maali (1603–1627)
• Oman – Abdulla bin Muhammad, Imam of Oman (1560–1624)
• Safavid Empire – Abbas I, Shah of Iran (1587–1629)
• Yemen – Al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad, Imam of Yemen (1620–1644)

Oceania

• Hawaii – Keakealanikane, Alii Nui of Hawaii (1605–1635)