List of state leaders in 1849

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1849.

Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy – Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834–1867)
• Kingdom of Buganda – Suna II (1836–1856)
• Bunyoro – Olimi V, Omukama of Bunyoro (1848–1852)
• Kingdom of Burundi – Ntare IV Rugamba (1796–1852)
• Kingdom of Dahomey – Ghezo (1818–1856)
• Liberia – Joseph Jenkins Roberts, President of Liberia (1848–1856)
• Kingdom of Rwanda – Mutara II Rwogera (1830–1853)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph – Ali bin Bello I (1842–1859)
  • Grand Vizier - Abd al-Qadir (1842–1859)
• Zulu – Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840–1872)

Asia

• Durrani Empire – Dost Mohammad Khan (1843–1863)
• Bangli - Dewa Gede Tangkeban III (1833-1875)
• China (Qing dynasty) - Daoguang Emperor (1821–1850)
• Empire of Japan
  • Monarch – Kōmei (1846–1867)
  • Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Ieyoshi (1837–1853)
  • Ryukyu Kingdom - Shō Tai (1848-11 March 1879)
• Joseon (Korea) –
  1. Heonjong (1834–1849)
  2. Cheoljong (1849–1864)
• Đại Nam (Nguyễn dynasty) - Tự Đức, Emperor (1847–1883)

Europe

• Principality of Abkhazia – Mikhail (1822–1864)
• Belgium
  • Monarch – Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831–1865)
  • Cabinet Chief - Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (1832–1834, 1847–1852, 1857–1868)
• Kingdom of Denmark
  • Monarch – Frederick VII (1848–1863)
  • Prime Minister - Adam Wilhelm Moltke (1848–1852)
• France –
  • President - Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (1848–1852)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Odilon Barrot (1848–1849)
    2. Comte d'Hautpoul (1849–1851)
• German Confederation
  • Austrian Empire – Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)
  • Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
    • Monarch -
      1. William II of the Netherlands (1840–1849)
      2. William III of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
    • Prime Minister - Jean-Jacques Willmar (1848–1853)
  • Kingdom of Prussia –
    • Monarch – Friedrich Wilhelm IV (1840–1861)
    • Minister President - Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg (1848–1850)
  • Kingdom of Bavaria – Maximilian II (1848–1864)
  • Kingdom of Saxony – Frederick Augustus (1836–1854)
  • Kingdom of Hanover – Ernest Augustus (1837–1851)
  • Kingdom of Württemberg – William (1816–1864)
• Kingdom of Greece –
  • Monarch – Otto (1832–1862)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Konstantinos Kanaris (1848–1849)
    2. Antonios Kriezis (1849–1854)
• Kingdom of Hungary –
  • Monarch – Franz Joseph I of Austria (1848–1916)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Lajos Kossuth 26 November 1848 – 11 August 1849
    2. Bertalan Szemere 11–13 August 1849
• Kingdom of the Netherlands –
  • Monarch -
    1. William II (1840–1849)
    2. William III (1849–1890)
  • Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers -
    1. Jacob de Kempenaer (1848–1849)
    2. Johan Rudolph Thorbecke (1849–1853, 1862–1866, 1871–1872)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  • Sultan - Abdülmecid I (1839–1861)
  • Grand Vizier – Mustafa Reşid Pasha (1848–1852)
• Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
  • Monarch – Maria II (1826–1828, 1834–1853)
  • President of the Council of Ministers -
    1. Duke of Saldanha (1847–1849)
    2. Count of Tomar (1849–1851)
• Russian Empire – Nicholas I (1825–1855)
• Kingdom of Spain – Isabella II (1833–1868)
• Kingdom of Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Oscar I (1844–1859)
• Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Leopold II (1824–1859)
• Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – Ferdinand II (1830–1859)
• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
  • Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister - Lord John Russell (1846–1852)

Middle East and North Africa

• Egypt Eyalet –
  1. Muhammad Ali Pasha, Governor of Egypt (1805–1849)
  2. Abbas I, Governor of Egypt (1849–1854)
• Kuwait – Sheikh Jabir ibn Abdullah Al Sabah (1814–1859)
• Sultanate of Morocco – Abd al-Rahman (1822–1859)
• Sultanate of Oman – Sa'id II ibn Sultan (1804–1856)
• Persia (Qajar dynasty) – Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (1848–1896)

North America

• Canada
  1. Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin, leaders, Executive Council, United Province of Canada
• Costa Rica –
  1. José María Castro Madriz, President of Costa Rica (1847–1849)
  2. Miguel Mora Porras, President of Costa Rica (1849)
  3. Juan Rafael Mora Porras, President of Costa Rica (1849–1859)
• Honduras – Juan Lindo, President of Honduras (1847–1852)
• Mexico: José Joaquín de Herrera, President of Mexico (1848–1851)
• United States:
  1. James K. Polk, President of the United States (1845–1849)
  2. Zachary Taylor, President of the United States (1849–1850)

Oceania

• Kingdom of Hawaii – Kamehameha III (1823–1854)
• Tonga – Tāufaʻāhau, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1845–1893)

South America

• Argentine Confederation – Juan Manuel de Rosas, Governor of Buenos Aires Province in charge of the Foreign Relations of the Argentine Confederation (1835–1851)
• Empire of Brazil –
  • Monarch – Pedro II (1831–1889)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Pedro de Araújo Lima, Marquis of Olinda (1848–1849)
    2. José da Costa Carvalho, Marquis of Monte Alegre (1849–1852)
• Chile – Manuel Bulnes, President of Chile (1841–1851)
• Uruguay – as a consequence of the Guerra Grande, two governments in parallel:
  • Gobierno de la Defensa (in Montevideo): Joaquín Suárez (1843–1852)
  • Gobierno del Cerrito (ruling the rest of the country): Manuel Oribe (1843–1851)