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Mötley Crüe

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Mötley Crüe
Mötley Crüe in 2008, from left to right: Nikki Sixx, Tommy Lee, Mick Mars, Vince Neil
Background information
OriginLos Angeles, California, United States
Genres
Years active1981–2015
Labels
Past members
Websitemotley.com

Mötley Crüe was an American heavy metal band formed in Los Angeles, California on January 17, 1981.[2][3][4] The group was founded by bass guitarist Nikki Sixx and drummer Tommy Lee, lead singer Vince Neil and lead guitarist Mick Mars. Mötley Crüe has sold more than 100 million records worldwide[5] including 25 million in the US.[6]

The members of the band have often been noted for their hedonistic lifestyles and the persona they maintained. Following its hard rock and heavy metal origins, with the third album Theatre of Pain (1985) the band joined the first wave of glam metal[7][8] also along with group friendly rivals Ratt.[9] Their final studio album, Saints of Los Angeles, was released on June 24, 2008. Their final show took place on New Year's Eve, December 31, 2015, and was filmed for a theatrical and Blu-ray release in 2016.[10][11]

History

Mötley Crüe was formed on January 17, 1981 when bassist Nikki Sixx left the band London and began rehearsing with drummer Tommy Lee and vocalist/guitarist Greg Leon.[12] Lee had worked previously with Leon in a band called Suite 19[13] and the trio practiced together for some time with Leon eventually deciding not to continue. Sixx and Lee then began a search for new members and soon met guitarist Bob Deal, better known as Mick Mars, after answering an advertisement that Mars placed inside The Recycler that read: "Loud, rude and aggressive guitar player available". Mars auditioned for Sixx and Lee and was subsequently hired. Although a lead vocalist named O'Dean was auditioned,[14][15] Lee had known Vince Neil from their high school days at Charter Oak High School in Covina, California and the two had performed in different bands on the garage band circuit. Upon seeing Neil perform with the band Rockandi at the Starwood in West Hollywood, Mars suggested they have him join the band by stating, "I don't care if he can sing. I don't care if he can do anything. The way he had that crowd going...THAT'S the guy we need." At first Neil refused the offer, but as the other members of Rockandi became involved in outside projects, Neil grew anxious to try something else. When Lee made one final appeal to audition, Neil accepted and was hired April 1, 1981. The newly formed band did not yet have a name. Sixx had said that he told the other bandmates that he was "thinking about calling the band Christmas." The other members were not very receptive to the idea. Then while trying to find a suitable name, Mars remembered an incident which occurred when he was playing with a band called White Horse, when one of the other band members called the group "a motley looking crew." He had remembered the phrase and later copied it down as Mottley Cru. After modifying the spelling slightly, "Mötley Crüe" was eventually selected as the band's name, with the stylistic decision suggested by Neil to add the two sets of metal umlauts supposedly inspired by the German beer Löwenbräu, which the members were drinking at the time. Other than the periods of February 1992 to 1997 and 1999 to September 2004, the line-up of Neil, Sixx, Lee, and Mars has remained the same.

"Listening to Queen inspired Mötley Crüe to work with Roy Thomas Baker on Too Fast for Love. He would come in, 'Hello Darlings ..' and listen for maybe thirty minutes or so and leave. And we're like, 'What?! Where's he going?'. But he produced Queen, so, man, we had to have him produce us, too"

 —Tommy Lee[16]

The band soon met their first manager, Allan Coffman, the thirty-eight-year-old brother-in-law of a friend of Mars's driver.[17] The band's first release was the single "Stick to Your Guns/Toast of the Town", which was released on their own record label, Leathür Records, which had a pressing and distribution deal with Greenworld Distribution in Torrance, California. In November 1981, their debut album Too Fast for Love was self-produced and released on Leathür, selling 20,000 copies. Coffman's assistant Eric Greif set up a tour of Canada,[18] while Coffman and Greif used Mötley Crüe's success in the Los Angeles club scene to negotiate with several record labels, eventually signing a recording contract with Elektra Records in early 1982. The debut album was then re-mixed by producer Roy Thomas Baker and re-released on August 20, 1982, two months after its Canadian Warner Music Group release using the original Leathür mixes, to coincide with the tour.

During the "Crüesing Through Canada Tour '82," there were several widely publicized incidents. First, the band was arrested and then released at Edmonton International Airport for wearing their spiked stage wardrobe (considered "dangerous weapons") through Customs and for Neil arriving with a small carry-on filled with porn magazines (considered "indecent material"); both were staged PR stunts. Customs eventually had the confiscated items destroyed. Second, while playing Scandals Disco in Edmonton, a spurious "bomb threat" against the band made the front page of the Edmonton Journal[19] on June 9, 1982; assistant band manager Greif and Lee were interviewed by police as a result. This too ended up being a staged PR stunt perpetrated by Greif. Lastly, Lee threw a television set from the upper story window of the Sheraton Caravan Hotel. Canadian rock magazine Music Express noted that the band were "banned for life" from the city. Despite the tour ending prematurely in financial disaster, it was the basis for the band's first international press.[20] In 1983, the band changed management from Coffman to Doug Thaler and Doc McGhee. McGhee is best known for managing Bon Jovi and later KISS, starting with their reunion tour in 1996. Greif subsequently sued all parties in a Los Angeles Superior Court action that dragged on for several years, and coincidentally later re-surfaced as manager of Sixx's former band, London. Coffman himself was sued by several investors to whom he had sold "stock in the band", including Michigan-based Bill Larson. Coffman eventually declared bankruptcy, as he had mortgaged his home at least three times to cover band expenses.

Rise to international fame (1984–1991)

The band became rapidly successful in the United States after playing at the US Festival, and also with the aid of the new medium of MTV. They then gained the attention of heavy metal star Ozzy Osbourne and found themselves as the opening act for Osbourne on his 1984 world tour. The band members were well known for their backstage antics, outrageous clothing, extreme high-heeled boots, heavily applied make-up, and seemingly endless abuse of alcohol and drugs as well. As for their recordings, their mixture of heavy metal and hard rock stylings with influences by AC/DC and Aerosmith and guitar picking style of Judas Priest produced several best-selling albums during the 1980s, including Shout at the Devil (1983), Theatre of Pain (1985), and Girls, Girls, Girls (1987), which showcased their love of motorcycles, whiskey and strip clubs, and which told tales of substance abuse, sexual escapades, and general decadence.

The band members have also had their share of scrapes with the law and life. In 1984, Neil was driving home from a liquor store in his De Tomaso Pantera when he was in a head-on collision; his passenger, Hanoi Rocks drummer Nicholas "Razzle" Dingley, was killed. Neil, charged with a DUI and vehicular manslaughter, was sentenced to 30 days in jail (though he only served 18 days) and received a $2,000,000 fine. The short jail term was pleaded for by his lawyers enabling Neil to be able to tour and pay the fine. The album Theatre of Pain (1985) was dedicated in Dingley's honor, and it started a new glam metal phase in the band's style.[21] The band would also later release two box sets titled "Music to Crash Your Car To".

On December 23, 1987, Sixx suffered a heroin overdose. He was declared legally dead on the way to the hospital, but the paramedic, who was a Crüe fan, revived Sixx with two shots of Adrenaline. His two minutes in death were the inspiration for the song "Kickstart My Heart", which peaked at No. 16 on the Mainstream U.S. chart, and which was featured on the 1989 U.S. number one (their first) album Dr. Feelgood. From 1986 to 1987, Sixx kept a daily diary of his heroin addiction and eventually entered rehab in January 1988. In 2006, Sixx published his diaries as a best selling novel: The Heroin Diaries: A Year in the Life of a Shattered Rock Star, and in 2007 Sixx's side project band Sixx:A.M. released The Heroin Diaries Soundtrack as a musical parallel to the novel.

In 1988 McGhee was convicted for smuggling 40,000 pounds of marijuana, and as punishment he had to organize an anti-drug campaign.[22] In addition, another controversy that hit the band in 1988 was a lawsuit by Matthew Trippe. Trippe claimed that Nikki Sixx was hospitalised in 1983 after a car crash involving drugs and that he had been hired as Nikki's doppelgänger. The suit was regarding the loss of royalties from his time in Mötley Crüe and the case was not closed until 1993 when Trippe dropped his charges and disappeared from public view.[22]

Their decadent lifestyles almost shattered the band until managers Thaler and McGhee pulled an intervention and refused to allow the band to tour in Europe, fearing that "some [of them] would come back in bodybags". Shortly after, all the band members except for Mars underwent drug rehabilitation; Mars cleaned up on his own.

After finding sobriety in 1989, Mötley Crüe reached its peak popularity with the release of their fifth album, the Bob Rock produced Dr. Feelgood, on September 1, 1989. On October 14 of that year, it became a No. 1 album and stayed on the charts for 114 [23] weeks after its release. The band members each stated in interviews that, due in no small part to their collective push for sobriety, Dr. Feelgood was their most solid album musically to that point,[citation needed] and indeed, it was their best selling album to date. The title track and "Kickstart My Heart" were both nominated for Grammys in the Best Hard Rock Category.[24] The band did find some success at the American Music Awards, as Dr. Feelgood was nominated twice for Favorite Hard Rock/Metal Award, losing once to Guns N' Roses' Appetite for Destruction, but winning the following year, beating out Aerosmith's Pump and Poison's Flesh & Blood. Mötley Crüe was also nominated twice for Favorite Hard Rock/Metal Artist.[25]

In 1989, McGhee was fired after the band alleged he had broken several promises that he made in relation to the Moscow Music Peace Festival, including giving his other band, Bon Jovi, advantages in terms of slot placement. Doug Thaler then assumed the role of sole band manager.

On October 1, 1991, the band's first compilation album, Decade of Decadence 81-91, was released. It peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard 200 album chart. It was reportedly designed as "just something for the fans" while the band worked on the next "all new" album.

Years of turmoil (1992–2003)

After Decade of Decadence was released, Neil left the band in February 1992, at a time when other bands in the 1980s glam metal scene (Ratt, Stryper, White Lion, Winger, Europe, and Britny Fox) also broke up because of the rise in popularity of grunge. A controversy exists to this day over whether Neil was fired or quit. Nikki Sixx has long maintained that Neil quit the band. However, Neil disputes this and insists that he was fired. Neil was replaced by John Corabi (formerly of Angora and The Scream). Although Mötley Crüe's self-titled March 1994 release made the Billboard top ten (#7), the album was a commercial failure. Due to the failure of the album, John Corabi suggested that the band work with Neil again as he believed he would always be seen as the voice of the band, which eventually resulted in his own firing in 1996. [citation needed]

The band reunited with Neil in 1997,[26] after their current manager, Allen Kovac, and Neil's manager, Bert Stein, set up a meeting between Neil, Lee, and Sixx. Agreeing to "leave their egos at the door," the band released Generation Swine. Although it debuted at No. 4, and in spite of a live performance at the American Music Awards, the album was a commercial failure, due in part to the band's label's lack of support.[citation needed] The band soon left Elektra and created their own label, Mötley Records.

In 1998, Mötley Crüe's contractual ties with Elektra Records had expired, putting the band in total control of their future. This included the ownership of the masters of all of their albums. In announcing the end of their relationship with Elektra Records, the band became one of the few groups in history to own and control their publishing and catalogue of recorded masters. They are only one of a handful of artists in history to own the masters to their material and reportedly did so by being the biggest pain they could be to their record label until Elektra got fed up and handed over the rights in order to get the band off their label. In 1999, the band re-released all their albums, dubbed as "Crücial Crüe". The limited-edition digital re-masters included demos, live, instrumental, and previously unreleased tracks. Mötley Crüe released their compilation album Greatest Hits in late 1998, which had two new songs Bitter Pill and Enslaved and served as an updated version of their first compilation, Decade of Decadence.

In 1999, Lee quit the band to pursue a solo career due to increasing tensions with frontman Neil. Lee was replaced by former Ozzy Osbourne drummer and longtime friend of the band Randy Castillo. The band released New Tattoo in July 2000, followed by a tour to support the album. Before the tour could commence, Castillo became ill with what was later to be found as cancer and was unable to tour. The band brought in former Hole drummer Samantha Maloney to fill in for Castillo as he concentrated on his health. Castillo lost his fight with cancer on March 26, 2002. Soon after, the band went on hiatus.

While the band was on hiatus, Nikki Sixx played in side projects, 58 and Brides of Destruction. Vince Neil was featured on the first season of VH1's reality show The Surreal Life, and had his own special titled "Remaking Vince Neil" which focused on his solo career. Mick Mars, who suffers from a rare hereditary form of arthritis called ankylosing spondylitis,[27] went into seclusion in 2001 dealing with health issues. Tommy Lee went on to form Methods of Mayhem and also performed as a solo artist during this time.

A 2001 autobiography entitled The Dirt packaged the band as "the world's most notorious rock band." The book made the top ten on The New York Times Best Seller list and spent ten weeks there.

Reunion and renewed success (2004–2007)

Nikki Sixx and Mick Mars performing onstage with Mötley Crüe, on June 14, 2005 in Glasgow, Scotland

A promoter in England, Mags Revell, began clamoring for a Mötley Crüe reunion, ostensibly presenting himself as the voice of anxious fans waiting for more from the band. After meeting with management several times, in September 2004, Nikki Sixx announced that he and Neil had returned to the studio and had begun recording new material. In December 2004, the four original members announced a reunion/final tour which began February 14, 2005, in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The resulting compilation album, Red, White & Crüe, was released in February 2005. It features the band members' favorite original songs plus three new tracks, "If I Die Tomorrow", "Sick Love Song" (co-written by Sixx and James Michael), and a cover of The Rolling Stones' classic "Street Fighting Man". A small controversy was caused when it was suggested that neither Lee nor Mars played on the new tracks (duties were supposedly handled by Vandals drummer Josh Freese). However, a VH1 documentary of the band's reunion later showed that Lee did indeed play on some of the tracks. The Japanese release of Red, White & Crüe includes an extra new track titled "I'm a Liar (and That's the Truth)". Red, White & Crüe charted at No. 6 and has since gone platinum.

In 2005, Mötley Crüe was involved in an animation-comedy spoof Disaster!,[28] which was written by Paul Benson and Matt Sullivan and which was used as the introduction film to concerts on their Carnival of Sins tour.

In 2006, Mötley Crüe went on the Route of All Evil Tour, co-headlining with Aerosmith and taking performers from Lucent Dossier Experience on the road with them. This was another well-attended tour following the Carnival of Sins tour of 2005. In June 2007, Mötley Crüe set out on a small European tour. A lawsuit was filed by Neil, Mars and Sixx against Carl Stubner, Lee's manager. The three sued him for contracting for Lee to appear on two unsuccessful reality shows the band claim hurt its image.[citation needed] It was later reported on Motley.com that the lawsuit had been settled.

Saints of Los Angeles (2008–2010)

On June 11, 2008, the band and manager Burt Stein filed suit against each other. Stein was Vince Neil's personal manager and also, according to the band and rival manager Allen Kovac, served as the band's manager at one time. The band and Kovac sued in Los Angeles County Superior Court, claiming Stein was not entitled to a cut of Mötley Crüe's earnings. Stein sued the same day in Nashville's federal court, saying he was entitled to 1.875 percent of what the band makes.[29] Other litigation between the parties also ensued in Nevada. In July 2009, lawyers for both sides announced that the disputes had been "amicably resolved" through a "global settlement".[30]

Mötley Crüe's ninth studio album, titled Saints of Los Angeles, was released in Japan on June 17, 2008 and in America on June 24, 2008. The album was originally titled The Dirt, as it was loosely based on the band's autobiography of the same name, but the title was later changed. In the US, the album was released by Eleven Seven Music. Eleven Seven also took over US distribution of their back catalog.

In mid-2008, Mötley Crüe headlined the popular 'Crüe Fest' music festival, which included opening acts Buckcherry, Papa Roach, Trapt, and Nikki Sixx's successful side project, Sixx:A.M.

Mötley Crüe had announced that the movie The Dirt, based on the book written by Mötley Crüe and Neil Strauss, could be released in 2009. However, as of September 2009, the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) lists 2011 as the probable release date. This is still subject to change, particularly because the "status" of the movie was listed as "unknown" in April 2009 (the date of IMDb's last update to "The Dirt").[31] It was reported on November 1, 2013 that director Jeff Tremaine will be directing the movie.[32]

Mötley Crüe play in Erie, PA March 7, 2009

iTunes picked "Saints of Los Angeles" in their "Best of 2008" in the Rock category as the number one song; the song was also nominated for a Grammy Award in the "Best Hard Rock Performance" category. The song was released in the music game series Rock Band as downloadable content the day the single was released. Additionally, the entire Dr. Feelgood album was released as downloadable content in Rock Band, excluding "T.n.T. (Terror 'n Tinseltown)".

The band played at the Download Festival at Donington Park (June 12–14, 2009), playing on the second stage on Friday night.

The band made a guest appearance in the season finale of "Bones" on May 14, 2009 entitled "The End in the Beginning", performing the classic song "Dr. Feelgood".

Mötley Crüe headlined Crüe Fest 2 festival, which ran from July to September 2009. Supporting them were Godsmack, Theory of a Deadman, Drowning Pool, and Charm City Devils. Mötley Crüe performing a set featuring material from Saints of Los Angeles, the band also celebrated the 20th anniversary of Dr. Feelgood by performing the album in its entirety on each night of the tour and re-releasing the album as a special 20th anniversary deluxe edition.[33]

Mötley Crüe headlined Ozzfest in 2010, along with Ozzy Osbourne and Rob Halford.

The Final Tour and retirement (2011–2015)

Mötley Crüe co-headlined a mid-year tour with Poison and special guests New York Dolls in 2011 for the band's 30th Anniversary and Poison's 25th anniversary.[34] On August 30, 2011, Mötley Crüe, along with co-headliners Def Leppard and special guests Steel Panther, announced a UK Tour commencing in December 2011.[35] In March 2012, Mötley Crüe announced a tour co-headlining with KISS. The tour kicked off July 20 in Bristow, Virginia and ran through September 23.[36]

In early 2012, the band announced they were recording a new song that would be called "Sex".[37] This track was officially released July 16, 2012, on their website.[38]

In February 2013, Mötley Crüe announced their biggest ever Canadian tour, with more US dates expected to be announced soon after The Tour with KISS ran through Australia in March 2013. During the Australian leg of The Tour with KISS, a rumor was made that the members of Mötley Crüe had discussed the band's retirement and had also agreed upon when it would be, supposedly being sooner than most had anticipated.

On January 28, 2014 at the conference inside Beacher's Madhouse Theater in Hollywood, Mötley Crüe announced the full details of their retirement, including a tour initially spanning 70 North American dates with Alice Cooper playing as a special guest. The tour commenced in Grand Rapids, Michigan on July 2, 2014. The band members had signed a "cessation of touring agreement" which prevented them from touring under the Mötley Crüe name beyond the end of 2015. The tour also served to promote the country-music album Nashville Outlaws: A Tribute to Mötley Crüe, which was released in mid-2014, and their movie The Dirt, based on the book The Dirt, due for release in 2015 by Focus Features and directed by Jeff Tremaine.[39][40][41]

In a later interview, Nikki Sixx talked about the possibility of releasing new music, saying that "We have music written, [but] it's not put together yet". He also speculated that the band would release it in a song-by-song format as opposed to a full-length album format, elaborating with "It's hard, to be honest with you, to spend six [or] nine months to write eleven songs—all those lyrics... everything... the vocals, the guitars, the bass, the sonics, the mixing, the mastering, the artwork. ... You put it out and nothing [happens], because now people cherry-pick songs. So we go, 'Why don't we write songs and find vehicles to get one, two or four songs to ten million people rather than eleven songs to a hundred thousand people."[42]

During the tour, they played a new song "All Bad Things" over the speakers throughout the venue before they take the stage. On November 22, 2014 in Spokane, Washington, at the Spokane Arena, the band played the final concert of the first North American leg of The Final Tour.

On January 15, 2015, it was announced that the band's career would end with international concerts in Japan, Australia, Brazil and Europe before heading out for a second leg of North American concerts throughout 2015, ending with a concert at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas on December 27, followed by three concerts at Staples Center on December 28, 30 and 31, 2015. In May 2015, The Crue and Alice Cooper himself announced a set of 12 concert dates for Europe at a conference in London.[43]

On September 19, 2015, the band played the Rock in Rio festival on the main stage.[44]

The band performed for the last time at Staples Center in Los Angeles on December 31, 2015. The band reported that their New Year's Eve show was going to be released in 2016. The movie was titled Motley Crue: THE END. The movie was released to selected theaters for one night only.[45]

Legacy and influence

Mötley Crüe has been featured on a number of VH1 countdown shows, "Dr. Feelgood" was ranked the No. 7 Greatest Air Guitar Song, "Live Wire" was ranked the No. 17 Greatest Metal Song of All Time, and "Home Sweet Home" was ranked the No. 12 Greatest Power Ballad of All Time.[46] Mötley Crüe was featured several times on VH1's 100 Most Metal Moments, the highest spot being No. 3. VH1 included the Tommy Lee sex tapes, The Dirt, and Ozzy Osbourne's and Nikki Sixx's pee incident. Mötley Crüe has been one of the bands featured on VH1's Behind the Music. The band was ranked No. 29 on VH1's list of the greatest hard rock bands.

Mötley Crüe was ranked tenth on MTV's list "Top 10 Heavy Metal Bands of All-Time" and ninth on "VH1's All Time Top Ten Metal Bands".[47] Mötley Crüe has influenced many bands and artists such as Poison, Skid Row and Cinderella among others.[1]

The video game Crüe Ball features some of Mötley Crüe's songs including their biggest hit "Dr. Feelgood".

Band members

Timeline

Awards and nominations

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Mötley Crüe

Discography

Main article: Mötley Crüe discography
Studio albums

Concert tours

References

  1. ^ Leahey, Andrew. "Mötley Crüe Biography". AllMusic. All Media Guide (Rovi). Retrieved April 16, 2014.
  2. ^ Handelman, David (August 13, 1987). "All in the Name of Rock and Roll: On the Road with Mötley Crüe". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 7, 2013.
  3. ^ D. Kennedy, Gerrick (January 28, 2014). "Motley Crue calls it quits, announces 'final' tour". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved April 16, 2014.
  4. ^ "Motley Crue Rocks New Jersey's PNC Bank Arts Center on Final Tour: Live Review - Billboard". Billboard. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
  5. ^ "Motley Crue to Commemorate Vinyl Reissue With Limited Edition Leather Box Set, Journals of the Damned". Reuters.
  6. ^ Harrison, Thomas (2011). Music of the 1980s. ABC-CLIO. pp. 40–1. ISBN 9780313366000.
  7. ^ "Pop-Metal". AllMusic. Retrieved May 13, 2014.
  8. ^ http://everyrecordtellsastory.com/2012/09/24/ratt-v-crue-whos-best/.html
  9. ^ "Mötley Crüe's Final Tour". Motley.com. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  10. ^ "Nikki Sixx Officially Announces The End of Motley Crue". Ultimate Guitar.
  11. ^ "Chronological Crüe". Members.ozemail.com.au. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
  12. ^ "Greg Leon interview". Sleaze Roxx. March 25, 2007. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
  13. ^ Mötley Crüe; Strauss, Neil (2007). The Dirt: Confessions du groupe de Rock le plus sulfureux au monde (in French). Translated by Yves Balandret. Camion Blanc. pp. 84–85. ISBN 2-910196-53-4. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Rizzi, Cesare (2000). Enciclopedia della musica rock. 3. 1981–1989, Volume 3 (in Italian). Giunti Editore Firenze Italy. p. 380. ISBN 88-09-01796-X.
  15. ^ Phil Sutcliffe, Peter Hince, Reinhold Mack. "Queen: The Ultimate Illustrated History of the Crown Kings of Rock". p.27. Voyageur Press, 2009
  16. ^ "Chronological Crue". Members.ozemail.com.au. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
  17. ^ 1982, Chronological Crue . Retrieved October 2, 2009.
  18. ^ "Edmonton Journal Library". Canada.com. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
  19. ^ "Eric Greif Interview". Sleaze Roxx. April 28, 2007. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
  20. ^ Harrison 2011, p. 40.
  21. ^ a b "Matthew Trippe - May 1988 - Klassic Kerrang Interviews". Klassickerranginterviews.weebly.com. December 10, 1993. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
  22. ^ http://www.biography.com/people/nikki-sixx-20854163
  23. ^ "Grammy Awards: Best Hard Rock Performance". Rock on the Net. Retrieved June 9, 2010.
  24. ^ "American Music Awards: Favorite Heavy Metal / Hard Rock Artist". Rock on the Net. Retrieved June 9, 2010.
  25. ^ Konow, David (2009). Bang Your Head: The Rise and Fall of Heavy Metal. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 346. ISBN 9780307565600.
  26. ^ Lee, Tommy; Strauss, Neil; Vince Neil; Mick Mars; Nikki Sixx (2002) [2001]. The Dirt: Confessions of the World's Most Notorious Rock Band (reprint, illustrated ed.). HarperCollins. p. 186; 448. ISBN 0-06-098915-7. OCLC 212381899. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
  27. ^ Weinberg, Scott (March 9, 2005). "Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
  28. ^ Wood, E. Thomas (June 13, 2008). "Crue sued: Manager fires back in Motley feud". NashvillePost.com Retrieved on June 13, 2008.
  29. ^ Wood, E. Thomas (July 27, 2009). "Nashville at law: Rival managers bury the heavy metal hatchet". NashvillePost.com Retrieved on July 27, 2009.
  30. ^ The Dirt at IMDb
  31. ^ "'Bad Grandpa' director takes on story of Motley Crue next". Fox News. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  32. ^ "news.news". Motley.com. March 16, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2010.
  33. ^ "Mötley Crüe and Poison to Co-Headline Tour". 2011.
  34. ^ "Announcing Mötley UK Tour with Def Leppard and Steel Panther". August 30, 2011.
  35. ^ "Kiss And Mötley Crüe Announce The Tour".
  36. ^ Quellette, Mary (February 26, 2012). "Motley Crue Working on New Song". Loudwire.net.
  37. ^ "Mötley Crüe website". Motley.com. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  38. ^ "Motley Crue Movie 'The Dirt' in the Works". STACK.
  39. ^ Mötley Crüe Announce Retirement, Final Tour with Alice Cooper Rockcellarmagazine.com (January 28, 2014). Retrieved on 2014-04-11.
  40. ^ Michaels, Sean (January 29, 2014). "Motley Crüe sign pact which assures no more reunions". The Guardian.
  41. ^ "NIKKI SIXX Says MÖTLEY CRÜE Will Release New Music 'One, Two Or Four Songs' At A Time". Blabbermouth.net.
  42. ^ "Motley Crue Reveal Official Retirement Shows". Loudwire. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
  43. ^ "Line-up". Rock in Rio.
  44. ^ "Last Show". Mötley Crüe.
  45. ^ "Vh1's The Greatest: 25 greatest power ballads". Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  46. ^ "MTVNews.com: The Greatest Metal Bands Of All Time". Mtv.com. March 9, 2006. Retrieved June 9, 2010.
  47. ^ "Mötley Crüe With Sevendust's Morgan Rose: First Video Footage Posted Online". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. August 16, 2009. Retrieved April 16, 2014.
  48. ^ "3-Wind with Nikki Sixx, 10/8/01". Metal Sludge. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  49. ^ Pearl Aday follows in father's footsteps | Music | nwitimes.com
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