Maratha titles
The following list includes a brief about the titles of nobility or orders of chivalry used by the Marathas of India and by the Marathis/Konkanis in general.
Titles used by the Maratha Royals
- Chhatrapati: Chhatrapati is an Indian royal title most equivalent to a King. It means the 'Lord of the Parasol'[1] and is a title conferred upon the founder of Maratha Empire, Chhatrapati Shivaji. The title is also used by Shivaji's descendants.
- Maharaj: The English equivalent of Maharaj is great king. It is a title first conferred upon Chhatrapati Shivaji's father Shahaji Raje Bhosale by Adilshah.
- Maharani: The English equivalent of Maharani is great queen. It is a title first used by Tarabai, as regent of marathas empire .
- Raje: The English equivalent of Raje is Your Majesty. It is a title first conferred upon Chhatrapati Shivaji's grandfather Maloji Raje Bhosale
- Kshatriya Kulavantas: It means 'The Head of the Kshatriya caste' and was a title first given to Chhatrapati Shivaji at the time of his coronation[2]
- Sinhasanadheeshwar: It means 'the enthroned King' and was a title first given to Chhatrapati Shivaji at the time of his coronation[2]
- Peshwa: It is a word of Persian origin and means 'Foremost' or 'the first minister'[3] or 'Premier' (or Prime Minister). It was a title given to the prime ministers of the Maratha Empire
- Peshwin: The wife of a Peshwa[4]
- Daria Sarang: It means the Chief or Admiral of the Mahratta Navy[5]
- Sena Khas Khel: It means the Commander of the armies of the state. It is a designation created by the Peshwas of Pune and was conferred upon the Gaekwads of Vadodara[6]
- Shamsher Bahadur: It is a title conferred upon the Maharajas of Baroda (the Gaekwads) and means a distinguished swordsman[7]
- Maharajadhiraj Raj Rajeshwar Alija Bahadur: It is a title used by the Maharajas of Indore (the Holkars). For example, Maharajadhiraj Raj Rajeshwar Alija Bahadur H.H. Yashwant Rao Holkar[8]
- Raj Rajeshwar: It means 'king of kings' and is a title conferred upon the Holkar (Maratha) Maharajas.[9]
- Maharajadhiraj: It means 'Great King of Kings'.[10] For example, it was conferred upon H. H. Maharajadhiraj Rajeshwar Sawai Tukoji Rao Holkar Bahadur K.G.C.S.I.[11]
- Naib Wakil-i-Mutlaq: It means Deputy Regent of Mughal affairs. It was a title conferred upon Shrimant Maharaja Mahadaji Shinde (Scindia) by the Mughals, since he helped the Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II, ascend the throne of Delhi.[12]
- Amir-al-Umara: It means the Head of the Amirs and was a title conferred upon Shrimant Maharaja Mahadaji Shinde (Scindia) by the Mughals, since he helped the Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II, ascend the throne of Delhi.[12]
- Shrimant: It is a title used by Maratha royals and nobles. It was also used in recent times to formally address well achieved members of society or upperclass men in Marathi. For example, 'Shrimant' Bajirao Peshwa aka Baji Rao I or 'Shrimant' Dnyaneshwar Agashe.
- Sardar: It is a title used by the most senior Mahratta nobles,[13] for example Shrimant 'Sardar' Ranoji Rao Scindia Bahadur, Subedar of Malwa
- Mankari: Mānkari (Maankari) is a hereditary title used by Maratha nobles who held land grants, and cash allowances.[14] They were entitled to certain ceremonial honours and held an official position at the Darbar (court).[15][16][17][18]
- Sawai: 'Sawai' in Marathi means 'a notch above the rest'. For example, it was a title conferred upon His Highness Shrimant Sawai Madhavrao Peshwa aka Madhu Rao II Narayan
- Pant Pratinidhi: It means a vicegerent; title borne by a distinguished Maratha family.[9]
- Nawab: It is a title used by the Nawabs of Banda (a vassal of Maratha polity), such as The Nawab of Banda, Ali Bahadur, the grandson of Shreemant Bajirao I[19]
Titles given by the British
- Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (GCSI): It is a title created by the British Empire in India and was conferred upon Indian nobles. For example, it was bestowed upon His Highness Khanderao Gaekwad of Baroda[20] and Asaf Jah VI His Highness Mir Mahbub Ali Khan[21]
- His Highness: It is a title created by the British Empire in India and was conferred upon Indian nobles. For example, it was bestowed upon His Highness Sayajirao Gaekwad III of Baroda
- Knight Grand Commander (GCIE): It is a title created by the British and is a part of The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1878. For example, it was bestowed upon His Highness Colonel Sir Shahu Chhatrapati Maharaj G.C.I.E, G.C.S.I, G.C.V.O Maharaja of Kolhapur[22]
- Knight/Dame Grand Cross (GCVO): It is a title created by the British and is a part of The Royal Victorian Order. For example, it was bestowed upon His Highness Colonel Sir Shahu Chhatrapati Maharaj G.C.I.E, G.C.S.I, G.C.V.O Maharaja of Kolhapur[22]
- Kaiser-i-Hind (KIH): It was first instituted by Queen Victoria on 10 April 1900 and is literally translated to mean 'Emperor of India'.[23] For example, it was conferred upon His Highness Sayajirao Gaekwad III, the Maratha Maharaja of Baroda
- Knight Grand Cross (GCB): It is the most honourable Order of the Bath and is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. For example, it was conferred upon General His Highness Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant Sir Jayajirao Scindia Bahadur, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior, GCB, GCSI, CIE, KIH[24]
- Farzand-i-Khas-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia: It means the 'Favoured son of the English nation'. For example, it was conferred upon the Maratha Maharajas of Baroda[25]
Other titles
- Rao: It is an honorary title used by men as a suffix to their first name, example Malhar Rao Holkar, the prince of Indore, Bhim Rao palande, the Khot of Achloli village near Raigad fort.
- Sinh: It is a word derived from the Sanskrit word siḿha, meaning 'lion'.[26] It is used as a suffix to the first name, example Maharaja Pratapsinh Gaekwad[27] or H.H. Meherban Shrimant Raja Vijaysinhrao Madhavrao Patwardhan, Raja of Sangli[28]
- Shett/Sheth: Shett/Sheth is a name given to the Daivajnas of Konkani origin residing on the west coast of India. For example, the Saldanha-Shet family is one of the well known Konkani Catholic families from Mangalore.[29]
See also
- Indian honorifics, Filipino, Indonesian, Malay and Thai titles originated from these
- Indian feudalism
- Maratha
- Maratha Empire
- List of Maratha dynasties and states
- Salute state
- Princely state
- List of people involved in the Maratha Empire
References
- ^ Alain Daniélou (11 February 2003). A Brief History of India. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. pp. 257–. ISBN 978-1-59477-794-3.
- ^ a b "Chhatrapati Shivaji".
- ^ Temple, Sir Richard Carnac (1953-01-01). Sivaji and the rise of the mahrattas. Susil Gupta.
- ^ Yule, Henry; Burnell, A. C.; Teltscher, Kate (2013-06-13). Hobson-Jobson: The Definitive Glossary of British India. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199601134.
- ^ Sardesai, HS. Shivaji, the Great Maratha, Volume 3. Cosmo Publications. p. 649.
- ^ The Cambridge History of the British Empire. CUP Archive. 1933-01-01.
- ^ http://coinindia.com/galleries-baroda.html
- ^ Singh, Ravindra Pratap (1987-01-01). Geography and Politics in Central India: A Case Study of Erstwhile Indore State. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 9788170220251.
- ^ a b The Golden Book of India.
- ^ Social Science. FK Publications. 2006-01-01. ISBN 9788179730423.
- ^ Kapoor, Subodh (2002-01-01). The Indian Encyclopaedia: Biographical, Historical, Religious, Administrative, Ethnological, Commercial and Scientific. Cosmo Publications. ISBN 9788177552577.
- ^ a b A Comprehensive History of Medieval India.
- ^ Copeman, Jacob; Ikegame, Aya (2012-01-01). The Guru in South Asia: New Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Routledge. ISBN 9780415510196.
- ^ "The Central India State Gazetteer Series".
- ^ Madan, T.N. (1988). Way of Life: King, Householder, Renouncer : Essays in Honour of Louis Dumont. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 129. ISBN 9788120805279. Retrieved 2015-07-04.
- ^ "pt. II. Descriptive articles on the principal castes and tribes of the ... - Robert Vane Russell - Google Books".
- ^ "Caste, Conflict and Ideology".
- ^ "Poona in the eighteenth century".
- ^ Sarkar, Jadunath (1992-01-01). Fall of the Mughal Empire. Sangam. ISBN 9780861317493.
- ^ "No. 22523". The London Gazette. 25 June 1861. p. 2622.
- ^ https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/180816/picturing-the-beloved.html
- ^ a b Rajarshi Shahu Chhatrapati papers.
- ^ http://www.britishmilitarymedals.co.uk/kaiser-i-hind-medal/
- ^ "gwalior4". www.royalark.net. Retrieved 2016-05-07.
- ^ "baroda". www.royalark.net. Retrieved 2016-05-07.
- ^
- Saheb: It is an honorary title used by men as a suffix to their first name, example AnnaSaheb Magar, a politician in Maharashtra
- Bai: It is an honorary title used by women as a suffix to their first name, example Rani Laxmibai, the Queen of Jhansi
- Devi: It is an honorary title used by women as a suffix to their first name.
- ^ Sawhney, Clifford (2004-12-01). Strange But True Facts. Pustak Mahal. ISBN 9788122308396.
- ^ "SANGLI2". www.royalark.net. Retrieved 2016-05-07.
- ^ Farias, Kranti (1999), The Christian impact in South Kanara, Church History Association of India, p. 279