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Marian Hooper Adams

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Marian Hooper Adams
At Beverly farms in 1869
Born
Marian Hooper

(1843-09-13)September 13, 1843
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
DiedDecember 6, 1885(1885-12-06) (aged 42)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Cause of deathSuicide
Resting placeRock Creek Cemetery
Washington, D.C.
Other namesClover
SpouseHenry B. Adams (m. 1872)

Marian "Clover" Hooper Adams (September 13, 1843 – December 6, 1885) was an American socialite, active society hostess, and arbiter of Washington, DC, and an accomplished amateur photographer.

Clover, who has been cited as the inspiration for writer Henry James's Daisy Miller (1878) and The Portrait of a Lady (1881), was married to writer Henry Adams. After her suicide, he commissioned the famous Adams Memorial, which features an enigmatic androgynous bronze sculpture by Augustus Saint-Gaudens, to stand at the site of her, and his, grave.

After Clover's death, Adams destroyed all the letters that she had ever written to him and rarely, if ever, spoke of her in public. She was also omitted from his The Education of Henry Adams. However, in letters to her friend Anne Palmer Fell, he opened up about his 12 years of happiness with Clover and his difficulty in dealing with her loss.[1]

Early life

She was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the third and youngest child [2] of Robert William Hooper (1810 - April 15, 1885) and Ellen H. Sturgis (1812-November 3, 1848). Her siblings were Ellen Sturgis "Nella" Hooper (1838–1887), who married professor Ephraim Whitman Gurney (1829–1886);[3] and Edward William "Ned" Hooper (1839–1901). The Hooper family was wealthy and prominent. Clover's birthplace and childhood home in Boston, was at 114 Beacon Street, Beacon Hill.[4] When she was five years old, her mother, a Transcendentalist poet,[5] died and she became very close to her physician father. She was privately educated at a girls school in Cambridge, which was run by Elizabeth and Louis Agassiz.

Clover Hooper volunteered for the Sanitary Commission during the Civil War. She defied convention by insisting on watching the review of William Tecumseh Sherman and Ulysses S. Grant's armies in 1865. In 1866, she traveled abroad, where she is said to have met fellow Bostonian Henry Adams in London. Her father and she were living at their home in Beverly, Massachusetts, in July 1870.[6]

On June 27, 1872, Adams and she were married in Boston, and spent their honeymoon in Europe. Upon their return, he taught at Harvard and their home at 91 Marlborough Street, Boston,[4] became a gathering place for a lively circle of intellectuals. In 1877, they moved to Washington, DC, where their home on Lafayette Square, across from the White House, became a popular place for socializing.

Clover remained close to her father, writing him regularly. In June 1880, Dr. Hooper was living at his household on Beacon Street in Boston.[7] Her gossipy letters to her father, other family members, and friends, reveal her to be a gifted reporter and provide an insightful view of the Washington and politics of the day, while the ones she wrote from Europe are not ordinary travel letters, but shrewd reflections on character and society, revealing a critical and sprightly mind.[8][9]

From her reports written in letters, it was widely speculated that actually Clover Hooper Adams was the "anonymous" author of Democracy: An American Novel (1880), which was not credited to her husband until 43 years later.[10]

Photography

Portrait of Clover Adams

In 1883, Clover became active in photography and was one of the earliest portrait photographers. Familiarizing herself with the chemicals, she did all her own developing.

Her photographs, which reveal an extraordinary eye, consist of formal and informal portraits of politicians, family friends, various members of the Adams and Hooper families, family pets, and still lifes of interior and exterior locales, including photographs of Washington, Bladensburg, Maryland, Old Sweet Springs, and the Adams family homes in Quincy and Beverly Farms, Massachusetts.[11]

These images provide insights into 19th-century America and a woman's place in it.[12] Besides the images, Clover also left behind a great deal of information about her photography, including meticulous chronological notes she kept while working in her darkroom, listing photographs and commenting on exposures, lighting, etc., and the references in her letters.

Her work was widely admired, although her husband apparently would not allow her to become professional and discouraged any publication of her photographs.

Final years

Adams' monument in Rock Creek Cemetery

The Adams' letters reveal their household to be a normal and happy one. In the beginning, he confessed himself "absurdly in love," and she spoke again and again of Henry's "utter devotion."

Clover and her husband hired architect H.H. Richardson and were in the process of having a new home built on Lafayette Square, which was adjacent to the Richardson-designed house being built for John Hay, when her adored father died on April 13, 1885. After Dr. Hooper's death, she sank into bouts of overwhelming depression.

While awaiting the completion of the house, they rented one nearby on H Street. Clover documented the construction of the houses with her camera.

While alone in her bedroom on a Sunday in early December, 1885, she swallowed potassium cyanide, which she used in developing her photographs.

Clover Hooper Adams died at age 42 at her temporary home on H Street in Washington, DC, and was found by her husband lying on the rug before her bedroom fire. The evening newspaper reported that she had suddenly dropped dead from paralysis of the heart.[13]

Her husband commissioned sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens and architect Stanford White to create a memorial to mark her grave in Rock Creek Cemetery.[14] The haunting Adams Memorial is probably the most famous of all monuments in the cemetery and is generally considered to be Saint-Gaudens' most famous sculpture.

In a letter of December 5, 1886, to Clover's friend Anne Palmer Fell, Henry Adams wrote: "During the last eighteen months I have not had the good luck to attend my own funeral, but with that exception I have buried pretty nearly everything I lived for."[1]

In a letter to Henry Adams, John Hay wrote, "Is it any consolation to remember her as she was? That bright, intrepid spirit, that keen, fine intellect, that lofty scorn for all that was mean, that social charm which made your house such a one as Washington never knew before and made hundreds of people love her as much as they admired her." In a letter to a friend Henry James wrote, "poor Mrs. Adams found, the other day, the solution of the knottiness of existence."[15]

Legacy

The Massachusetts Historical Society in Boston houses the photograph collection of Clover Adams and other materials.[11]

Family tree

Adams family tree
}
John Adams
(1735–1826)		Abigail Adams (née Smith)
(1744–1818)
William Stephens Smith
(1755–1816)		Abigail Amelia Adams Smith
(1765–1813)		John Quincy Adams
(1767–1848)		Louisa Catherine Adams (née Johnson)
(1775–1852)		Charles Adams
(1770–1800)		Thomas Boylston Adams
(1772–1832)
George Washington Adams
(1801–1829)		John Adams II
(1803–1834)		Charles Francis Adams Sr.
(1807–1886)		Abigail Brown Adams (née Brooks)
(1808–1889)
Frances Cadwalader Crowninshield
(1839–1911)		John Quincy Adams II
(1833–1894)		Charles Francis Adams Jr.
(1835–1915)		Henry Brooks Adams
(1838–1918)		Marian Hooper Adams
(1843–1885)		Peter Chardon Brooks Adams
(1848–1927)
George Casper Adams
(1863–1900)		Charles Francis Adams III
(1866–1954)		Frances Adams (née Lovering)
(1869–1956)		John Adams
(1875–1964)
Henry Sturgis Morgan
(1900–1982)		Catherine Lovering Adams Morgan
(1902–1988)		Charles Francis Adams IV
(1910–1999)		Thomas Boylston Adams
(1910–1997)

Books

References

  1. ^ a b "Marian Hooper Adams: Selected Letters", Massachusetts Historical Society. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  2. ^ 1850 Suffolk Co., MA, U.S. Federal Census, Boston Ward 9, September 13, sht. 242, p. 294 B, line 32
  3. ^ 1870 Middlesex Co., MA, U.S. Federal Census, Cambridge Ward 1, July 5, sht. 29, p. 252 A, line 40
  4. ^ a b Cox, Mary Lee (1999). "A Walking Tour in Boston's Back Bay - #5". Cox-Marylee.tripod.com. Retrieved 2007-11-07.
  5. ^ "American Transcendentalism Web - Selected Poems of Ellen Sturgis Hooper". VCU.edu. Retrieved 2007-11-07.
  6. ^ 1870 Essex Co., MA, U.S. Federal Census, Beverly, July 14, sht. 159, p. 224 A, line 4
  7. ^ 1880 Suffolk Co., MA, U.S. Federal Census, Boston, 114 Beacon St., Enumeration Dist. 658, June 10, sht. 34, p. 31 B, line 40
  8. ^ Los Angeles Times, December 6, 1936, "Revealing Letters of Henry Adams's Wife. Woman of Mystery Shown as Gay, Observant Reporter of Notable Events in a Care-free World," p. C67
  9. ^ New York Times, December 13, 1936, "The Lively Correspondence of Mrs. Henry Adams; The Husband Airily Sketched Here Is Not Much Like the Misanthrope of the Education," p. BR3
  10. ^ Conroy, Sarah Booth (1996-02-05). "The Earlier D.C. "Anonymous"". WashingtonPost.com. Retrieved 2007-11-07.
  11. ^ a b "Massachusetts Historical Society - Guide to the Photograph Collection of Marian Hooper Adams". MassHist.org. Retrieved 2007-11-07.
  12. ^ Dykstra, Natalie (2005-02-10). "Hope College Press Releases - NEH Awards Fellowships to Two Professors". Hope.edu. Retrieved 2007-11-07.
  13. ^ New York Times, December 7, 1885, "Mrs. Henry Adams's Sudden Death," p. 1
  14. ^ "The Adams Memorial". NGA.gov. Retrieved 2007-11-07.
  15. ^ James, Henry (1980) [1886]. Henry James Letters: 1883-1895. Boston: Harvard University Press. p. 111. ISBN 0-674-38782-1.
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