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Miniature Schnauzer

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Miniature Schnauzer
Classic pose of a Miniature Schnauzer. This dog has a natural (stripped) salt and pepper coat, natural ears and docked tail.
Other namesZwergschnauzer (Dwarf Schnauzer)
OriginGermany
Traits
Height Males 14 in (35.6 cm)[1][2]
Females 13 in (33.0 cm)[1][2]
Weight Males 11 to 18 lb
(5.0 to 8.2 kg)[1]
Females 10 to 15 lb
(4.5 to 6.8 kg)[1]
Coat Harsh and wiry when hand stripped, soft and curly when unclipped
Color Black, salt-and-pepper, black-and-silver, white
Litter size 3 to 8 pups
Kennel club standards
Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard
Dog (domestic dog)

The Miniature Schnauzer is a breed of small dog of the Schnauzer type that originated in Germany in the mid-to-late 19th century. Miniature Schnauzers developed from crosses between the Standard Schnauzer and one or more smaller breeds such as the Poodle and Affenpinscher, as farmers bred a small dog that was an efficient ratting dog. They are described as "spunky"[1] but aloof dogs, with good guarding tendencies without some guard dogs' predisposition to bite. Miniature Schnauzers are recognized in three colors internationally: solid black, black and silver, and a color known as 'salt and pepper'. There is a controversial fourth color variant in Miniature Schnauzers, pure white, which is not recognized universally.

The breed remains one of the most popular worldwide, primarily for its temperament and relatively small size. As of 2013 it is the 17th most popular breed in the U.S.

History

The earliest records surrounding development of the Standard Schnauzer in Germany come from the late 19th century. They were originally bred to be medium-sized farm dogs in Germany, equally suited to ratting, herding, and guarding property.[1] As time passed, farmers bred the Standard Schnauzer into a smaller, more compact size for ratting by combining it with the Affenpinscher and Miniature Poodle.[1][3] The first recorded Miniature Schnauzer appeared in 1888, and the first exhibition was held in 1899.[3][4]

The AKC accepted registration of the new breed in 1926, two years after Miniature Schnauzers were introduced to the United States.[5][4] They were originally known as Wirehaired Pinschers.[6] International Kennel Club classifications vary; in the United Kingdom and Australia they fall within the Utility Group, while in Canada they are in the Working Group. In the AKC the Miniature Schnauzer is classed with the terriers.[4] It was recognized by the United Kennel Club in 1948 and also classed as a terrier.[7] The start of the modern Miniature Schnauzer is generally considered to begin with Ch. Dorem Display, the first Miniature Schnauzer to win Best in Show at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show.[8] He was born 5 April 1945 and lived to be nearly fourteen.[8] Almost every living Miniature Schnauzer in America can trace its lineage back to Dorem Display.[8]

Miniature Schnauzers were the 11th most popular breed in the U.S in 2008, falling to 17th most popular in 2013.[9]

Description

Solid black adult Miniature Schnauzer

Appearance

Miniature Schnauzers have a very square-shaped build, measuring 13 to 14 inches (33 to 36 cm) tall and weighing 10 to 15 pounds (4.5 to 6.8 kg) for females and 11 to 18 pounds (5.0 to 8.2 kg) for males.[1] They have a double coat, with wiry exterior fur and a soft undercoat. In show trim, the coat is kept short on the body, but the fur on the ears, legs, belly, and face is retained.[10] Recognized coat colors are black, salt and pepper, black and silver, and pure white.[11]

Miniature Schnauzers are often described as non-moulting dogs, and while this is not entirely true, their shedding is minimal and generally unnoticeable. They are characterized by a rectangular head with bushy beard, mustache and eyebrows; teeth that meet in a "scissor bite"; oval and dark colored eyes; and v-shaped, natural forward-folding ears (when cropped, the ears point straight upward and come to a sharp point). Their tails are naturally thin and short, and may be docked (where permitted). They will also have very straight, rigid front legs, and feet that are short and round (so-called "cat feet") with thick, black pads.[5][12]

Docking of tails and cropping of ears has become a controversial practice, especially for non-working dogs, and is now illegal or restricted in a number of countries worldwide.[13]

North American white Schnauzer controversy

A white Miniature Schnauzer

The white Schnauzer is one of four color varieties of the Miniature Schnauzer currently recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale. However, they are not accepted for conformation showing by the American Kennel Club and Canadian Kennel Club.[14] The controversy rests on the disputed origins of the white variation: whether it was contained within the genes of the originally recognized breed, or whether it was the result of subsequent modifications. Since the other two Schnauzer types have never been available in a white variation, and the original German standard never included white as an acceptable color, the AMSC chooses not to recognize white.[15]

Temperament

The American Kennel Club breed standard describes temperament as "alert and spirited, yet obedient to command... friendly, intelligent and willing to please... never overaggressive or timid."[5] Usually easy to train, they tend to be excellent watchdogs with a good territorial instinct, but more inclined toward barking than biting. They are often aloof with strangers until the owners of the home welcome the guest, upon which they are typically very friendly to them.[16]

They are highly playful dogs, and, if not given the outlet required for their energy, they can become bored and invent their own "fun". Miniature Schnauzers can compete in dog agility trials, obedience, showmanship, flyball, and tracking. Schnauzers have a high prey drive, which means they may attack other small pets such as birds, snakes, and rodents. Many will also attack cats, but this may be curbed with training, or if the dog is raised with cats.[5]

Health and grooming

Adult black-and-silver with natural ears; the long eyebrows and full beard are trademark grooming characteristics

A UK Kennel Club survey puts the median lifespan of Miniature Schnauzers at a little over 12 years. About 20% lived to >15 years.[17] While generally a healthy breed, Miniature Schnauzers may suffer health problems associated with high fat levels. Such problems include hyperlipidemia, which may increase the possibility of pancreatitis, though either may form independently. Other issues which may affect this breed are diabetes, bladder stones and eye problems. Feeding the dog low- or non-fatty and unsweetened foods may help avoid these problems.[18][19][20] Miniature Schnauzers are also prone to comedone syndrome, a condition that produces pus filled bumps, usually on their backs, which can be treated with a variety of methods.[21] Miniature Schnauzers should have their ears dried after swimming due to a risk of infection, especially those with uncropped ears; ear examinations should be part of the regular annual check up.[22] Miniature Schnauzers are also prone to von Willebrand disease (vWD). vWD in dogs is an inherited bleeding disorder that occurs due to qualitative or quantitative deficiency of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a multimeric protein that is required for platelet adhesion.[23]

Schnauzers have a specific groom cut that is standard among the Schnauzer breed. Schnauzers require regular grooming, either by stripping (mostly seen in show dogs), or by clipping (a short-cut usually reserved for family pets). Stripping removes the loose, dead coat; it may be done by hand, called finger stripping, or plucking, or with a stripping knife; either way, it is a laborious process. Many Miniature Schnauzers who are family pets have regular grooming appointments to have their hair clipped; clipping, using a mechanical clippers (or shaver), produces a soft, silky, skin-close trim. Whether stripped or clipped, the coat is close at the body, and falls into a fringe-like foundation on its undercarriage, called furnishings, which can be left to grow, but must be combed regularly. All Schnauzers, whether they are Miniatures, Standards, or Giants, often sport a beard, created by allowing the hair around their noses to grow out. Left unclipped or unstripped, the body hair will grow two to four inches, and will often tangle into mats and curls.[10]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Miniature Schnauzer". Hillspet.com. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  2. ^ a b c "Schnauzer (Miniature)". New Zealand Kennel Club. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  3. ^ a b "Miniature Schnauzer History". AKC.org. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
  4. ^ a b c Rugh, Karla S. (2009). Miniature Schnauzers. Barron's Educational Series. pp. 5–9. ISBN 978-0-7641-4245-1.
  5. ^ a b c d "Miniature Schnauzer Breed Standard". AKC.org. Retrieved 25 June 2008.
  6. ^ Furstinger, Nancy (September 2010). Miniature Schnauzers. ABDO. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-59928-032-5.
  7. ^ "Miniature Schnauzer". UKCdogs.com. United Kennel Club. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
  8. ^ a b c "Dorem Display". SchnauzerWeb.com. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
  9. ^ "AKC Dog Registration Statistics". AKC.org. 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  10. ^ a b "Pet grooming tips for the Miniature Schnauzer". The American Miniature Schnauzer Club. 17 August 2007. Archived from the original on 23 July 2013.
  11. ^ "Miniature Schnauzer: Acceptable Colours for Registrations". The Kennel Club. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  12. ^ "Dogs That Do Not Shed". GoPetsAmerica.com. Retrieved 18 September 2008.
  13. ^ Pagan, Camille; Flowers, Amy. "Ear Cropping and Tail Docking". WebMD. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  14. ^ "Miniature Schnauzer". VetStreet.com. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
  15. ^ "Why not a White Miniature Schnauzer?". AMSC.us. The American Miniature Schnauzer Club. Archived from the original on 23 July 2013.
  16. ^ Kiedrowski, Dan (1997). The New Miniature Schnauzer (2nd ed.). New York City: Howell Book House. p. 12. ISBN 0-87605-241-3. OCLC 36170497.
  17. ^ "Summary Results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for Miniature Schnauzers" (PDF). The Kennel Club. 2004. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  18. ^ "Miniature Schnauzer Breed Info – Health Issues". MiniatureSchnauzer.ca. Retrieved 25 June 2008.
  19. ^ "Pet Care Library". Healthypet.com. Archived from the original on 26 December 2008.
  20. ^ "Canine hyperlipidemia". Weir.net. 13 February 2003. Archived from the original on 11 October 2008.
  21. ^ "Schnauzer Comedone Syndrome". VetInfo.com. Retrieved 1 June 2009.
  22. ^ "Miniature Schnauzers – Grooming". TerrificPets.com. Retrieved 25 June 2008.
  23. ^ "von Willebrand's Disease". Disease Information. American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
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