Nadežda Petrović

Nadežda Petrović Надежда Петровић
Nadežda Petrović
Born	11/12 October 1873 Čačak, Principality of Serbia
Died	3 April 1915 (aged 41) Valjevo, Kingdom of Serbia
Nationality	Serbian
Education	Studied with Đorđe Krstić and Anton Ažbe
Known for	Painting
Movement	Fauvism
Awards	Medal for Bravery Order of the Red Cross

Nadežda Petrović (Serbian Cyrillic: Надежда Петровић; 11/12 October 1873 – 3 April 1915) was a Serbian painter from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Considered Serbia's most famous impressionist and fauvist, she was the most important Serbian female painter of the period. Born in the town of Čačak, Petrović moved to Belgrade in her youth and attended the women's school of higher education there. Graduating in 1891, she taught there for a period beginning in 1893 before moving to Munich to study with Slovenian artist Anton Ažbe. Between 1901 and 1912, she exhibited her work in many cities throughout Europe.

In the later years of her life, Petrović had little time to paint and produced only a few works. In 1912, she volunteered to become a nurse following the outbreak of the Balkan Wars. She continued nursing Serbian soldiers until 1913, when she contracted typhus and cholera. She earned a Medal for Bravery and an Order of the Red Cross for her efforts. With the outbreak of World War I she again volunteered to become a nurse with the Serbian Army, eventually dying of typhus on 3 April 1915.

Biography

Petrović's self-portrait.

Nadežda Petrović was born in Čačak, Principality of Serbia on 11 or 12 October 1873 to Dimitrije and Mileva Petrović. Her father taught art and literature and was fond of collecting artworks. He later worked as a tax collector and wrote about painting. Her mother Mileva was a school teacher and a relative of prominent Serbian politician Svetozar Miletić. Petrović's father later found work in finance and politics. He fell ill in the late 1870s, forcing the family to move to the town of Karanovac (modern Kraljevo) before their eventual relocation to Belgrade in 1884. Here, they lived in the home of Petrović's grandfather, Maksim. The home in which they lived was later destroyed by the Luftwaffe during World War II. Showing signs of being a talented artist, Petrović was later mentored by Đorđe Krstić and attended the women's school of higher education, from where she graduated in 1891. In 1893, she became an art teacher at the school and later taught at the women's university in Belgrade. Afterwards, she obtained a stipend from the Serbian Ministry of Education to study art in the private school of Anton Ažbe in Munich. Here, she met painters Rihard Jakopič, Ivan Grohar, Matija Jama, Milan Milovanović, Kosta Milićević, and Borivoje Stevanović. She also encountered modern art pioneers such as Wassily Kandinsky, Alexej von Jawlensky, Julius Exter, and Paul Klee, and was deeply moved by their work. While in Munich, she regularly sent letters to her parents in Serbia and always asked for them to send her newspapers and books detailing the latest happenings in the country. Her dedication to her artwork took a toll on her personal life, and in 1898 she called off her engagement to a civil servant after the man's mother sought an unacceptably high dowry. Petrović returned to Serbia in 1900 and regularly visited museums and galleries, attended concerts and theatre productions. She also dedicated much of her time to learning foreign languages. Her first individual exhibit took place in Belgrade that same year. She also helped organize the First Yugoslav Art Exhibit, and the First Yugoslav Art Colony. In 1902, Petrović began teaching at the women's school of higher education. The following year she became the first chairman of the Circle of Serbian Sisters, a humanitarian organization dedicated to helping ethnic Serbs in Ottoman-controlled Kosovo and Macedonia. In 1904 Petrović retreated to her family home Resnik, where she focused on her paintings. One of her most famous works, Resnik, was completed during her stay here. Over the next several years, she became involved in Serbian patriotic circles and protested the Austro-Hungarian annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1910, she travelled to Paris to visit her friend, the sculptor Ivan Meštrović. Staying in France until she heard the news of her father's death, she returned to Serbia in April 1911. Upon her return, she resumed teaching at the women's school of higher education.

Nadežda Petrović on a Serbian 200 dinar banknote.

A monument to Nadežda Petrović in Niš

In 1912, Petrović's mother died. With the outbreak of the Balkan Wars soon after, Petrović volunteered to become a nurse and was awarded a Medal for Bravery and an Order of the Red Cross for her efforts. She continued nursing Serbian soldiers until 1913, when she contracted typhus and cholera. In the later years of her life, she had little time to paint and produced only a few canvases, including her post-impressionist masterpiece The Valjevo Hospital (Template:Lang-sr). Professor Andrew Wachtel praised the painting for its "bold brushstrokes and bright colours" and its depiction of "a series of white tents against an expressionistic, almost Fauvist, landscape of green, orange, and red." Petrović found herself in Italy when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia in July 1914. She immediately returned to Belgrade to assist the Serbian Army. Having volunteered to work as a nurse in Valjevo, she died of typhoid fever on 3 April 1915 in the same hospital depicted in The Valjevo Hospital. Following her death, her likeness has been depicted on the Serbian 200 dinar banknote.

She had nine siblings, including Rastko Petrović the writer and diplomat, who died in the United States in 1949.

Selected works

• 
  Bavarian Wearing a Hat (1900)
• 
  Gračanica (1913)
• 
  La Moisson (1902)
• 
  Pogreb u Sicevu (1905)
• 
  In the Forest (c. 1900)
• 
  Beach in Brittany (c. 1900)
• 
  Ship Down the Sava (c. 1900)
• 
  Velikafa (1905)
• 
  Resnik (1904)
• 
  Old Prizren
• 
  The Turkish Bridge

References

• "Nekoliko (ne)poznatih stvari o Nadeždi Petrović" [Some Unknown Facts about Nadežda Petrović]. B92 (in Serbian). 30 June 2012. Archived from the original on 7 April 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
• Cuhaj, George S. (2010). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money – Modern Issues: 1961–Present. Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. ISBN 978-1-4402-1512-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Mitrović, Andrej (2007). Serbia's Great War, 1914–1918. London: Purdue University Press. ISBN 978-1-55753-477-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Uzelac, Sonja Briski (2003). "Visual Arts in the Avant-gardes Between the Two Wars". In Djurić, Dubravka; Šuvaković, Miško (eds.). Impossible Histories: Historical Avant-gardes, Neo-avant-gardes, and Post-avant-gardes in Yugoslavia, 1918–1991. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-04216-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• "Ceo život u slikama" [An Entire Life in Pictures]. Večernje novosti (in Serbian). 18 April 2013.
• Svirepi ubica tifus [Typhus, the Cruel Killer] (in Serbian). 19 April 2013. {{cite book}}: |newspaper= ignored (help)
• Wachtel, Andrew (2002). "Culture in the South Slavic Lands". In Roshwald, Aviel; Stites, Richard (eds.). European Culture in the Great War: The Arts, Entertainment and Propaganda 1914–1918. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-01324-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Further reading

• Značaj slikarstva Nadežde Petrović by Đorđe Popović, 1938.
• Nadežda Petrović kao preteča današnjeg našeg savremenog slikarstva by Pjer Križanić, Politika, 1938.
• Prilog monografiji Nadežde Petrović by Bojana Radojković, 1950.
• Značaj slikarstva Nadežde Petrović by Đorđe Popović, 1938.
• Prilog monografiji Nadežde Petrović by Bojana Radajković, pgs. 194–201, 1950.
• Nadežda Petrović, od desetletnici njene smrti by France Meseel, 1925.
• Propovodenici jugoslovesnke ideje među Srbijankama by Jelena Lazarević, 1931.
• Nadežda Petrović otvara prvu kancelariju kola srpskih sestara by Jelena Lazarević, 1931.
• Nadežda Petrović by Mile Pavlović, 1935.
• Nadežda Petrović by Branko Popović, pgs. 144–149, 1938.