Paisley (design): Difference between revisions
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from ancient times of [[Zoroastrianism]] as an expression of essence of that religion and it became subsequently a decor element which is widely used in [[Culture of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani]] culture and architecture.<ref>[http://azerbaijan.tourism.az/?/ru/topmenu_content/1815/ Ковроткачество] {{ru icon}}</ref> |
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[[Image:Paisley pattern.jpg|thumb|right|Paisley wallpaper]] |
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And we like ribs. and balls. |
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'''Paisley''' or '''Paisley pattern''' is a droplet-shaped vegetable motif of [[Persian carpet|Persian]] and [[India]]n origin. The pattern is sometimes called "Persian pickles" by American traditionalists, especially quiltmakers,<REF NAME="DALLAS">''The Persian Pickle Club,'' Sandra Dallas. St. Martin's Press, (1995). ISBN 0-312-13586-6</ref> or "Welsh pears" in Welsh textiles as far back as 1888.<REF NAME="GH">''Quilting and Patchwork,'' Good Housekeeping (1983). ISBN 0-85223-276-4</ref> |
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==Origins== |
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Resembling a twisted teardrop, the [[kidney]]-shaped paisley is Iranian and Indian in origin, but its western name derives from the town of [[Paisley]], in central [[Scotland]].<ref>Oxford English Dictionary</ref> |
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In [[tamil language|Tamil]] the design is known as ''Mankolam'' and has long been used in [[India]]. It resembles a [[mango]] and has sometimes been associated with [[Hinduism]].<ref>http://hinduism.about.com/od/artculture/a/sacred_symbols_3.htm</ref><ref>[http://ebooks.gutenberg.us/HimalayanAcademy/SacredHinduLiterature/dws/lexicon/m.html Hinduism Online Lexicon: M]</ref> |
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In Persian the design is known as ''Boteh Jegheh'' and it has been used in Iran since the [[Sassanid Empire|Sassanid Dynasty]]. |
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Some design scholars call the distinctive shape ''[[Boteh]]'' and believe it is the convergence of a stylized floral spray and a [[Cupressus_sempervirens|cypress]] tree: a [[Zoroastrian]] symbol of [[life]] and [[eternity]].<ref name=ZT>[http://www.zanzibartrading.com/indian_shawls.htm Indian Hand Woven Jacquard Jamavar Shawls] Zanzibar Trading</ref> A floral motif called ''[[Buteh (motif)|Buteh]]'',<ref>Sophie Campbell. "[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/main.jhtml?xml=/travel/2007/12/01/et-heritage-101.xml&DCMP=ILC-traffdrv07053100 Paisley: a designer heritage.]" ''Telegraph.co.uk'', 12 January 2007.</ref> which originated in the [[Sassanid Dynasty]] (200–650 AD) and later in the [[Safavid Dynasty]] of [[Persia]] (from 1501 to 1736), was a major textile pattern in Iran during the [[Qajar Dynasty]] and [[Pahlavi Dynasty]]. In these periods, the pattern was used to decorate royal regalia, crowns, and court garments, as well as textiles used by the general population. According to Azerbaijani historians, the design comes from ancient times of [[Zoroastrianism]] as an expression of essence of that religion and it became subsequently a decor element which is widely used in [[Culture of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani]] culture and architecture.<ref>[http://azerbaijan.tourism.az/?/ru/topmenu_content/1815/ Ковроткачество] {{ru icon}}</ref> |
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The pattern is still popular in Iran and [[South Asia|South]] and [[Central Asia]]n countries. It is woven using gold or silver threads on silk or other high quality textiles for gifts, for weddings and special occasions. In Iran and [[Uzbekistan]] its use goes beyond clothing – paintings, jewelry, frescoes, curtains, tablecloths, quilts, carpets, garden landscaping, and pottery also sport the buta design. In Uzbekistan the most frequently found item featuring the design is the traditional [[Wikipedia:doppi|doppi]] headdress.{{Fact|date=November 2008}} |
The pattern is still popular in Iran and [[South Asia|South]] and [[Central Asia]]n countries. It is woven using gold or silver threads on silk or other high quality textiles for gifts, for weddings and special occasions. In Iran and [[Uzbekistan]] its use goes beyond clothing – paintings, jewelry, frescoes, curtains, tablecloths, quilts, carpets, garden landscaping, and pottery also sport the buta design. In Uzbekistan the most frequently found item featuring the design is the traditional [[Wikipedia:doppi|doppi]] headdress.{{Fact|date=November 2008}} |
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Revision as of 14:26, 12 March 2012
from ancient times of Zoroastrianism as an expression of essence of that religion and it became subsequently a decor element which is widely used in Azerbaijani culture and architecture.[1] And we like ribs. and balls. The pattern is still popular in Iran and South and Central Asian countries. It is woven using gold or silver threads on silk or other high quality textiles for gifts, for weddings and special occasions. In Iran and Uzbekistan its use goes beyond clothing – paintings, jewelry, frescoes, curtains, tablecloths, quilts, carpets, garden landscaping, and pottery also sport the buta design. In Uzbekistan the most frequently found item featuring the design is the traditional doppi headdress.[citation needed]
The modern French words for paisley are boteh and palme, the latter being a reference to the palm tree, which, along with the pine and the cypress, is one of the traditional botanical motifs thought to have influenced the shape of the paisley element as it is now known.[2][3] [failed verification]
In Pakistan, Paisley designs are widely termed the Carrey design. Carrey in Urdu means mango seed.[citation needed]
In Punjab, this pattern is referred to as an "Ambi". Ambi is derived from the word Amb which means mango in Punjabi.[citation needed]
European introduction
Imports from the East India Company in the first half of the 17th century made paisley and other Indian patterns popular, and the Company was unable to import enough to meet the demand. It was popular in the European Baltic states between 1700 and 1800 and was thought to be used as a protective charm to ward off evil demons. However, in modern culture, the youth of these countries have used it as a symbol of rebellion.
Local manufacturers in Marseilles began to mass-produce the patterns via early textile printing processes at 1640. England, circa 1670, and Holland, in 1678, soon followed. This, in turn, provided Europe's weavers with more competition than they could bear, and the production and import of printed paisley was forbidden in France by royal decree from 1686 to 1759. However, enforcement near the end of that period was lax, and France had its own printed textile manufacturing industry in place as early at 1746 in some locales. Paisley was not the only design produced by French textile printers; the demand for paisley which created the industry there also made possible production of native patterns such as toile de Jouy.[4]
In the 19th century European production of paisley increased, particularly in the Scottish town from which the pattern takes its modern name. Soldiers returning from the colonies brought home cashmere wool shawls from India, and the East India Company imported more. The design was copied from the costly silk and wool Kashmir shawls and adapted first for use on handlooms, and, after 1820,[5] on Jacquard looms.
From roughly 1800 to 1850, the weavers of the town of Paisley in Renfrewshire, Scotland, became the foremost producers of these shawls. Unique additions to their handlooms and Jacquard looms permitted them to work in five colors when most weavers were producing paisley using only two.[5] The design became known as the Paisley pattern. By 1860, Paisley could produce shawls with fifteen colors, which was still only a quarter of the colors in the multi-color paisleys then still being imported from Kashmir.[5]
In addition to the loom-woven fabric, Paisley became a major site for the manufacture of printed cotton and wool in the 19th century, according to the Scotland's Paisley Museum and Art Gallery.[6] The paisley pattern was being printed, rather than woven, onto other textiles, including cotton squares which were the precursors of the modern bandanna. Being able to purchase printed paisley rather than woven paisley brought the price of the costly pattern down and added to its popularity. The key places of manufacture for printed paisley were Britain and the Alsace region of France.[7]
Contemporary style
Paisley was particularly popular during the Summer of Love, heavily identified with psychedelic style and the interest in Indian spirituality and culture brought about by the pilgrimage of The Beatles to India in 1968. Also, Fender Guitars made a Pink Paisley version of their Telecaster guitar, by sticking paisley wallpaper onto the guitar bodies. The modern recording artist Prince paid tribute to the rock and roll history of paisley when he created the Paisley Park Records recording label and established Paisley Park Studios, both named after his 1985 song "Paisley Park".
At the 2010 Winter Olympics, Azerbaijan's team sported colorful paisley trousers.[8] A Russian publication noted that "Azerbaijan has no chance of winning at the Winter Olympics; however, the country had already left its mark on the games".[9][10]
References
- ^ Ковроткачество Template:Ru icon
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
ZTwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Persian Pickles or Paisley? Accessed February 3, 2008.
- ^ The Prohibition Years, 1686-1759, Le Musée de l'Impression sur Etoffes (The Museum of Printed Textiles). Accessed in English February 3, 2008.
- ^ a b c Beyond the Fringe: Shawls of Paisley Design by Meg Andrews. Heavily illustrated history of paisley fashions. Accessed February 3, 2008.
- ^ Paisley Museum and Art Gallery
- ^ Printed "Paisley" in the 19th Century, Le Musée de l'Impression sur Etoffes (The Museum of Printed Textiles). Accessed in English February 3, 2008.
- ^ Vancouver 2010: The Olympics of the Silly Pants
- ^ «Азербайджан выиграл войну штанов» Template:Ru icon
- ^ «Психоделические» штаны азербайджанских спортсменов в Ванкувере Template:Ru icon
Further reading
- Irwin, John. The Kashmir Shawl. Victoria and Albert Museum, (1973). ISBN 0-11-290164-6
- Levi-Strauss, Monique. The French Shawls. Dryad Press Ltd, (1987). ISBN 0-85219-759-4
- Reilly, Valerie. The Paisley Pattern: The Official Illustrated History. Richard Drew, Glasgow (1987). ISBN 0-87905-317-8