Pamela Harriman

Pamela Harriman
58th United States Ambassador to France
In office June 30, 1993 – February 5, 1997
President	Bill Clinton
Preceded by	Walter Curley
Succeeded by	Felix Rohatyn
Personal details
Born	Pamela Beryl Digby March 20, 1920 Farnborough, Hampshire, England
Died	February 5, 1997(1997-02-05) (aged 76) Paris, France
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Randolph Churchill (1939–1946) Leland Hayward (1960–1971) W. Averell Harriman (1971–1986)
Profession	Diplomat, socialite

Pamela Beryl Harriman (née Digby; 20 March 1920 – 5 February 1997), also known as Pamela Churchill Harriman, was an English-born American socialite who was married and linked to important and powerful men. In later life, she became a political activist for the Democratic Party and a diplomat. Her only child, Winston Churchill, was named after his famous grandfather.

Early life

Pamela Beryl Digby was born in Farnborough, Hampshire, England, the daughter of Edward Digby, 11th Baron Digby, and his wife, Constance Pamela Alice, the daughter of Henry Campbell Bruce, 2nd Baron Aberdare. Pamela was educated by governesses in the ancestral home at Minterne Magna in Dorset, along with her three younger siblings. Her great-great aunt was the nineteenth-century adventurer and courtesan Jane Digby, notorious for her exotic travels and scandalous personal life. Pamela was to follow in her ancestor's footsteps, being frequently cited as "the 20th-century's greatest courtesan."

Raised amid acres of Dorset farmland and woods, from an early age Pamela was a very good horsewoman. She competed at shows at the International Olympia, Royal Bath and West Show, and local shows at Dorchester and Melplash. She show-jumped a tiny pony called Stardust that did a clear round at Olympia when every fence was above the animal's withers.

At the age of seventeen, she was sent to a Munich boarding school for six months. While there she was introduced to Adolf Hitler by Unity Mitford. She subsequently went to Paris, taking some classes at the Sorbonne. Although in her Who's Who biography she identified these classes as "post-graduate" work, she actually never completed a college degree. By 1937, she had returned to England.

She was a descendent of the Earls of Leicester, Ilchester, and the Dukes of Atholl. She was a first cousin of Lavinia Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk. She was also a third cousin, once removed, of Angus Ogilvy, Queen Elizabeth's cousin-in-law. She was also a fourth cousin, once removed, of Sarah, Duchess of York.

Marriage to Randolph Churchill

In 1939, while working at the Foreign Office in London doing French-to-English translations, Pamela met Randolph Churchill, the son of Winston Churchill. Randolph proposed to her on the very evening they met, and they were married on 4 October 1939. Two days after Randolph Churchill took his seat in the House of Commons, their son Winston was born. Shortly after giving birth, Pamela and the newborn were photographed by Cecil Beaton for Life magazine, its first cover of a mother with baby.

In February 1941, Randolph was sent to Cairo for military service, where he accrued large gambling debts. His letter to Pamela asking her to make good on his liabilities, along with her affair with W. Averell Harriman, combined to shatter their marriage, but the fault probably lay on both sides. Borrowing from the French motif Harriman's frequent rest stays at Chequers were described in 1941 as habituee de la maison. Harriman was one of the aristocratic set from the US Embassy, charming, suave and sophisticated, they had developed a friendship during the London Blitz, so that by 17 April 1941 they were already close and intimate friends. Jack Colville, Churchill's private secretary was well aware of the affair, but their clandestine relationship had to wait forty years before consummation in marriage. She completed the circle by becoming a US citizen. Her father however, was too busy visiting bombed-out Blitz sites to be overly-concerned in 1941.

During 1944 she worked in the Cabinet's war rooms on a secretive SOE mission for Operation Bodyguard working with Robert E. Sherwood. "The days at the office were very sorry", Bevan wrote; long days stretched into lonely nights, when they frequently indulged the senses on champagne and Russian caviar. Bodyguard went ahead without allied knowledge or approval, which upset the Soviets. At a critical point prior to the Top Secret D-Day Normandy landings allied intelligence feared Germany's strength in the Mediterranean: a diversionary attack on the Balkans was designed to distract the Nazis in France. This further encouraged Churchill to switch sides to Tito's Partisans. It is believed Randolph had an affair with another consort, wife of spy, Bobby Bevan, who was also directly involved with Bodyguard's deception activities. Eventually, she filed for divorce in December 1945 on the grounds that he had deserted her for three years. Later, after having converted to Catholicism, she obtained an annulment from the Catholic Church.

Romantic involvements and affairs

Beside two additional marriages, Pamela Harriman had numerous affairs with men of prominence and wealth. During her marriage to Randolph Churchill, she had romantic involvements with men such as: W. Averell Harriman, who much later became her third husband; Edward R. Murrow; and John Hay "Jock" Whitney. Notable consorts after her divorce included Prince Aly Khan, Alfonso de Portago, Gianni Agnelli, and Baron Elie de Rothschild.

Churchill became well known for her attention to detail with men. When involved romantically with a man, she paid extremely close attention to his desires, his preferences, and went to any lengths necessary to satisfy his needs during the affair. William S. Paley, briefly a consort during the war, said: "She is the greatest courtesan of the century", meaning it more as a compliment than a detraction. According to Max Hastings, "she was unkindly described as having become 'a world expert on rich men's bedroom ceilings'."

After her divorce from Randolph Churchill, she moved to Paris and in 1948 began her five-year-long affair with Gianni Agnelli. She described this as the happiest period of her life. Agnelli, however, was not faithful in this relationship. In 1952, Pamela found him with a young woman, Anne-Marie d'Estainville, and complained strongly about this, despite her own past behaviour. Agnelli sustained a severe leg injury in a car accident while bringing d'Estainville home. Pamela nursed him through his injury, and later became pregnant (although it was never confirmed that this was by Agnelli), but had an abortion in Switzerland. Later, Princess Marella Caracciolo di Castagneto became pregnant by Agnelli, and Pamela Churchill ended the affair.

Her next significant relationship was with Baron Elie de Rothschild, who was married. He supported her financially, and she was schooled in art history and wine-making during this clandestine and short relationship. During this time she also entertained an affair with the writer Maurice Druon and with the shipping magnate Stavros Niarchos.

Marriage to Leland Hayward

In 1959, she met Broadway producer Leland Hayward, who was still married to Slim Hawks. He proposed to her, and after her marriage ultimatum to Rothschild was rejected, she accepted Hayward's offer and moved to New York City. The day Hayward's divorce was final, she became the fifth Mrs. Hayward with the ceremony taking place in Carson City, Nevada on 4 May 1960. Hayward was rich with income from his productions, notably the very successful The Sound of Music, allowing for a lavish and luxurious life style mostly between their residence in New York City and the Westchester County estate "Haywire." Haywire also became the name of the bitter memoirs of her stepdaughter Brooke Hayward. Pamela Hayward stayed with her husband until his death on 18 March 1971.

Marriage to W. Averell Harriman

The day after Hayward's funeral, Pamela arranged to resume her acquaintance with her former lover W. Averell Harriman, then 79 years old and recently widowed. They were married on 27 September 1971. With this marriage, her social focus was moved to Washington, DC, where he owned a townhouse in Georgetown from which they entertained many notable persons. Harriman, a railroad heir, was wealthy and also bought an estate in Virginia and a private jet. With Harriman's involvement and links in the Democratic Party, her political career began. Her last marriage lasted until his death in 1986. In later years, she had significant legal problems with Harriman's children concerning the inheritance.

Political life

As Pamela Churchill Harriman she became a United States citizen in 1971 and became involved with the Democratic Party, creating a fund-raising system—a political action committee—named "Democrats for the 80s", later "Democrats for the 90s", and nicknamed "PamPAC". In 1980, the National Women's Democratic Club named her "Woman of the Year". U.S. President Bill Clinton appointed her United States Ambassador to France in 1993. The Dayton Agreement was signed in Paris in 1995 while she served as ambassador.

Pamela Harriman died on 5 February 1997 at the American Hospital, Neuilly-sur-Seine, after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage while swimming at the Paris Ritz one day earlier. The morning after her death, President Jacques Chirac of France placed the Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur on her flag-draped coffin. She was the first female foreign diplomat to receive this honour. President Clinton, in further recognition of her contributions and significance, dispatched Air Force One to return her body to the United States and spoke movingly at her funeral at the Washington National Cathedral in Washington, D.C.

She was buried 14 February 1997 at Arden, the former Harriman estate in New York.

Fictional portryals

Her life story has been the subject of a documentary film, and has been somewhat Hollywoodised in the 1998 TV movie The Life of the Party: The Pamela Harriman Story with Ann-Margret in the title role. In the biography of Madeleine Albright, Pamela Harriman is cited in contrast to Albright, as a socialite who slept her way to the top. In addition, the novel Absolute Power tells the tale of a fictional woman named Christy Sullivan, married to a much older W. Sullivan (a striking similarity to the name W. Averell Harriman perhaps), whose extramarital liaison with the President ends in her murder. In a new two-character play Swimming at The Ritz by Charles Leipart, Pamela Harriman, in need of $40 million to settle a family lawsuit, regales the audience with tales from her past. She and a hotel valet wait in a Paris Ritz suite for appraisers from Christie's who are preparing to auction her possessions.

Titles and styles

• The Honourable Pamela Beryl Digby (1920–1939)
• The Hon. Mrs. Churchill (1939–1945)
• The Hon. Pamela Churchill (1945–1960)
• The Hon. Mrs. Hayward (1960–1971)
• The Hon. Pamela Hayward (1971)
• The Hon. Mrs. Harriman (1971–1997)
• The Honorable Pamela Churchill Harriman (1993–1997), United States Ambassador to France

Arms

Coat of arms of Pamela Harriman

Notes These arms she bore by her father, the 11th Baron Digby. She bore them on a lozenge as she was divorced. Escutcheon Azure a Fleur-de-lys Argent. Motto DEO NON FORTUNA (Latin: BY GOD, NOT BY CHANCE)

Ancestry

Family of Pamela Harriman

32. William Digby 16. Sir Henry Digby 33. 8. 9th Baron Digby 34. 1st Earl of Leicester 17. Lady Jane Coke 35. 4. Edward Digby, 10th Baron 36. 2nd Earl of Ilchester 18. 3rd Earl of Ilchester 37. Mary O'Grady 9. Lady Theresa Fox-Strangways 38. Lord George Murray 19. Caroline Murray 39. Lady Anne Grant 2. Edward Digby, 11th Baron 20. 3rd Viscount Hood of Whitley 10. Albert Hood 21. Mary Tibbits 5. Emily Hood 22. Thomas Wynn Hornby 11. Julia Jane Hornby 23. Louisa Sheffield 1. Pamela Harriman 24. John Bruce 12. Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare 25. Sarah Austin 6. Henry Bruce, 2nd Baron Aberdare 26. Richard Beadon 13. Annabella Beadon 27. Annabella à Court 3. Constance Bruce 28. Henry Beckett 14. Hamilton Beckett 29. Mary Lyle 7. Contance Beckett 30. John Copley, 1st Baron Lyndhurst 15. The Hon. Sophia Copley 31. Sarah Brunsden

Sources

• Smith, Sally Bedell (1996). Reflected Glory: The Life of Pamela Churchill Harriman. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-80950-8.
• Dwyer, Jack (2009). Dorset Pioneers. The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-5346-0.
• Holt, Thaddeus (2008) [2004]. The Deceivers. Vol. 2 vols.
• Jenkins, Roy (2001). Churchill. London.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Leipart, Charles (June 2010). Swimming at The Ritz. Devonshire Park Theatre, Eastbourne.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Ogden, Christopher (1994). Life of the Party: The Biography of Pamela Digby Churchill Hayward Harriman.

External links

• The Pamela Harriman Foreign Service Fellowship
• Channel 4 documentary on Pamela Harriman
• Appearances on C-SPAN