Pangkalpinang

Pangkal Pinang
City
Other transcription(s)
• Chinese	邦加檳港 (檳港)
Street view
Seal
Motto(s):  Pangkal Kemenangan (Malay); "Base of Victory"
Location in the Bangka Belitung Islands
Pangkal Pinang Location in Sumatra and Indonesia Pangkal Pinang Pangkal Pinang (Indonesia)
Coordinates: 2°8′S 106°7′E
Country	Indonesia
Province	Bangka Belitung Islands
Founded	17 September 1757
Government
• Mayor	Muhammad Irwansyah
• Vice Mayor	Muhammad Sopian
Area
• Total	118.41 km2 (45.72 sq mi)
Elevation	0−13 m (−43 ft)
Population  (2012)
• Total	327,167
• Density	2,800/km2 (7,200/sq mi)
Demonym	Pinkong-Nyin (檳港人)
Demographics
• Ethnic groups	Malay Javanese Batak, Chinese Batak, Bugis
• Religion	Islam 82.31% Buddhism 6.18% Confucianism 4.56% Christian 3.41% Catholic 3.21% Hinduism 0.04% Others 0.27%
• Languages	Indonesian (official) Chinese Malay English (regional)
Time zone	UTC+7 (Indonesia Western Time)
• Summer (DST)	Not observed
Area code	(+62) 717
Vehicle registration	BN
Website	www.pangkalpinangkota.go.id

Pangkalpinang
Traditional Chinese	邦加檳港
Simplified Chinese	邦加槟港
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Bāng jiā bīn gǎng Hakka Romanization Pâng-kâ-pin-kóng Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization bòng gàa bàn gōng Jyutping bong1 gaa1 ban1 gong2 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Pang-ka-pin-káng

Pangkal Pinang (simplified Chinese: 邦加槟港; traditional Chinese: 邦加檳港; pinyin: Bāng jiā bīn gǎng, or Pîn-kóng (槟港) in Hakka), is the largest city on the Indonesian island of Bangka and the capital of the province of the Bangka Belitung Islands. On Bangka's east coast, the city is divided into seven districts and has 42 wards.

In the 2010 census, it had an area of 118.41 square kilometres (45.72 sq mi) and a population of 328,167. The city's population density is about 2,800 per square kilometre. Muhammad Irwansyah is the mayor; he was preceded by Zulkarnain Karim, who served for two terms (2003-2013). The Rangkui River divides the city into two parts, and Jalan Merdeka is its geographic center.

Pangkal Pinang's population consists largely of ethnic Malays and Chinese Hakka who came from Guangzhou. There are also smaller immigrant communities of other ethnic groups, such as Batak and Minangkabau. Landmarks in the city include the Timah Museum, a Chinese temple, the Cathedral of St. Joseph, the Bangka Botanical Garden, and the Pasir Padi beach.

Etymology

Pangkalpinang is derived from the local words pengkal ("base") and pinang (Areca catechu, a species of palm tree widely grown on the island of Bangka).

History

Pre-colonial rule

As part of Srivijaya, Pangkalpinang was inhabited by Hindus. In addition to being a territory of Sriwijaya, it was also a territory of Majapahit and the Mataram Kingdom. In all three kingdoms, Pangkalpinang received little attention despite its proximity to international shipping routes and became a hideout for pirates preying on ships in the South China Sea

To secure the shipping routes around the Strait of Malacca, the Johor Sultanate sent troops to Pangkalpinang and began spreading Islam in the region. However, the pirates soon returned.

Years later, in another attempt to rid the area of piracy, the Sultan of Banten sent a regent of the Indonesian archipelago to eradicate the pirates. The regent established control and ruled Bangka until his death, when his authority passed to his only daughter.

Colonial rule

See also: Invasion of Java (1811)

Around 1709, tin was found on the banks of the Olin River in Toboali District. With the discovery of tin, merchants from China and elsewhere flocked to the region; the Sultan of Palembang sent representatives to China in search of tin experts. In 1717, the Palembang Sultanate began developing trade relationships with the Dutch East India Company (VOC). With the company's help, the sultan attempted to eradicate piracy and tin smuggling.

The Netherlands was occupied by France at the height of the Napoleonic Wars, and the British seized all areas in Nusantara under Dutch governance. In accordance with the Tuntang Agreement, on 18 September 1811 the Dutch handed over the island of Java, Timor, Makassar, and Palembang to the British; Pangkal Pinang become a British colony. Stamford Raffles sent emissaries to Palembang to take over the Dutch fort in Sungai Aur, but they were rejected by Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II. Raffles also demanded the tin mines in Pangkal Pinang from Badaruddin.

Raffles sent an expedition to Palembang, led by Rollo Gillespie, on 20 March 1812. Gillespie replaced Mahmud Badaruddin II with Prince Adipati, giving him the title of Sultan Ahmad Najamuddin II, and the new sultan handed over the islands of Belitung and Bangka Islands to the British.

In accordance with the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, the Netherlands regained areas occupied in 1803 by the British (including Pangkal Pinang). The native people were subjected to fraud, extortion, and forced labor by the Dutch and the British. The Dutch exploited the tin reserves; guerrilla warfare was fought in Musi Rawas, and Pangkal Pinang fought to expel the Dutch.

During World War II, Bangka Island was occupied by Japanese troops. Although the occupation of Pangkal Pinang was brief, shortages of food and clothing were severe.

Independent Indonesia

After Japan surrendered to the Allies and the Indonesia proclaimed its independence, Pangkalpinang became part of Indonesia. (initially as part of the province of South Sumatra). After the country's political landscape changed, the Bangka and Belitung Islands were separated from South Sumatra and combined as a province with Pangkalpinang its capital.

Demographics

Satya Budhi Temple

Ethnicities of Pangkal Pinang - 2000 Census
Ethnic group			Percent
Malay			45.63%
Chinese			44.27%
Javanese			8.60%
Other			0.72%

Pangkalpinang's population was 108,411 in 1990, and 174,838 in the 2010 census. Half are Malay, and primarily speak Bangka Malay. The remainder are Chinese, descendants of 18th-century emigrants from the Guangdong province of southern China. Locally known as Peranakan (Children of the Indies), they primarily speak Hakka; a small community speaks Cantonese. Their endonym is Thong Ngin ("Tang people"; 唐人), and other Malays are known as Fan Ngin ("Malay people"; 番人).

Islam is the chief religion. The Chinese primarily adhere to Buddhism and Christianity, with a minority following Taoism and Confucianism.

Geography

Topography

The city's topography is generally undulating and hilly, with an altitude of 20–50 metres (66–164 ft) above sea level. Hilly areas are primarily in the west and south, including Mount Girimaya (50 metres above sea level) and Tower Hill. A 290-hectare (720-acre) urban forest is in the Old Village area. An area of 1,562 hectares (3,860 acres) is under cultivation for food crops, fisheries and forestry. Fallow land is 1,163 hectares (2,870 acres), and 4,130 hectares (10,200 acres) are developed. The remaining 2,085 hectares (5,150 acres) are swamps and forest.

Geology

The city's soil has an average pH below 5, with red-yellow podzolic soil and regosol. A small area is bog soil and light-gray regosol derived from the deposition of sand and clay. Although such soil is less suitable for rice, other crops may be grown. The oldest formations are Permo-Carboniferous limestone, Late Triassic slate and Triassic-Jurassic granite. Composition of the granitic rocks includes dark-colored (occasionally green) biotite and amphibole.

Hydrology

The Rangkui River flows through the city, and the Pedindang River is in the south. They drain into the Baturusa River, which flows to the South China Sea. The rivers provided transport to markets, and make Pangkal Pinang prone to flooding (especially during the rainy season or at times of high tide).

Climate

Pangkalpinang's climate is classified as tropical wet type A, with between 56.2 and 337.9 millimetres (2.21 and 13.30 in) of rain per month during 2003; the number of rainy days averages 16 per month. The driest month is August. Temperatures in 2003 ranged from 23.3 to 32.4 °C (73.9 to 90.3 °F), and the humidity was 76 to 88 percent.

Districts

The city is divided into five districts (kecamatan):

Name	2010 population
Rangkui	39,938
Bukit Intan	43,325
Pangkal Balam	41,055
Taman Sari	13,117
Gerunggang	37,323

Attractions

Nganggung, a food-sharing tradition, is usually performed on religious holidays such as Lebaran and Eid al-Adha. The Qingming Festival (Ceng Beng, 清明, in Hakka Chinese) is also celebrated.

The Tin Museum is Asia's only tin museum, and was the site of the 7 May 1949 Roem–van Roijen Agreement on the future of independent Indonesia. The 1936 Jamik Mosque, in Jalan Masjid Jamik, is one of the largest and oldest mosques in Pangkal Pinang. Kwan Tie Miaw temple, on the Jalan Mayor Muhidin, is one of the oldest temples on the island of Bangka. Formerly known as the Kwan Tie Bio Temple, it is estimated to have been built in 1841. GPIB Maranatha, originally the Kerkeraad der Protestansche Gemeente to Pangkalpinang, was built in 1927. After independence, the church's name was changed to Western Indonesian Protestant Church (GPIB) Maranatha Pangkalpinang.

Cuisine

Tai Fu Sui (豆腐水), also known as fu sui (腐水) is a popular drink similar to soy milk. Pantiaw or kwetiaw (盤条) is made from sago and rice flour and usually served with fish soup.

Transportation

Angkots are used in and around the city in lieu of public transit.

Air

Depati Amir Airport is the largest airport in the Bangka-Belitung province, with daily flights to Jakarta, Palembang, Tanjung Pandan and Batam by Garuda Indonesia, Citilink, Lion Air and Sriwijaya Air. A new terminal began operation on 11 January 2017, with an annual capacity of 1,500,000 passengers and an area of 12,000 square metres (3.0 acres).

Sea

Pangkal Balam is the city's main seaport, providing daily export and import, inter-island trade and passenger transport to and from Jakarta and Tanjung Pandan. Smaller seaports, such as Muntok, serves speedboats to and from Palembang.

Economy

The city's economy is based on agricultural products: food crops, livestock, marine and freshwater fishing and small plantations (rubber, pepper and coconut). Pangkal Pinang also has a scenic beach.

Notable residents

• Artika Sari Devi, 2004 Puteri Indonesia, Top 15 Miss Universe 2005, actress, model and spokesperson.
• Sandra Dewi, actress and model
• Natasha Mannuela, 2016 Miss World Indonesia, 2nd Runner-Up Miss World 2016, Beauty with a Purpose winner, actress and model
• Sonia Fergina Citra, 2018 Puteri Indonesia and model

Sister city

• Ambon, Indonesia

See also

• Pangkalpinang Airport
• Roman Catholic Diocese of Pangkal-Pinang

External links

• Satellite picture by Google Maps
• Some Overview by www.indonesia.travel
• Demographic and Climate by beta.pangkalpinang.go.id