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2008 Paraguayan general election

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General elections were held in Paraguay on 20 April 2008.[1] Elections were held for the presidency, 45 senators, 80 representatives, 17 governors and Paraguay's members in the Mercosur Parliament.[2]

The presidential election was won by opposition candidate Fernando Lugo of the Patriotic Alliance for Change, who defeated Blanca Ovelar of the long-ruling Colorado Party.[3] The Colorado Party remained the largest in both houses of Congress despite losing several seats.

Presidential candidates and campaigning

The following candidates ran for president:

The incumbent president, Nicanor Duarte Frutos, was barred by the Constitution from running for reelection and instead supported his education secretary, Blanca Ovelar. Initial results in the Colorado Party's December 2007 primary showed Ovelar defeating former Vice President Luis Castiglioni,[4] but the result was disputed, leading to a recount.[5] On January 21, 2008, the Colorado Party electoral commission announced that Ovelar had won with 45.04% of the vote against 44.5% for Castiglioni, although Castiglioni continued to claim victory, alleging that 30,000 votes in his favor were "stolen", and said that he would take the matter to court. Ovelar said that her campaign would shift its focus from the "cruel primary campaign" to the general election and that her platform prioritized "fight against poverty and to the creation of jobs".[6]

Lugo is a former bishop who resigned from the priesthood in December 2006 in preparation for his presidential bid. As a priest, he required a permit from the Vatican to become directly involved in politics prior to 2006.[7] However, the Paraguayan constitution prohibits ministers of any faith from standing as a political candidate. Despite his resignation, the Vatican regards priesthood as a lifelong commitment but has suspended him from his duties.[8]

As bishop of San Pedro, a poor region, for ten years beginning in 1994, his support for landless peasants earned him a reputation as "the bishop of the poor".[8] He is an advocate of land reform and other measures to address poverty, but has distanced himself from leftists such as Hugo Chavez and Evo Morales, saying that he is not left-wing or right-wing but "in the middle". He vowed to end the Colorado Party's 61 year rule, fight corruption, and make Paraguay "a new country".[9] According to Lugo, he believes "in the people's self-determination and in recovering sovereignty and independence". Lugo is backed by the Patriotic Alliance for Change (APC), which includes both left and right wing groups, notably the conservative Authentic Radical Liberal Party. President Duarte caused controversy just before the election by telling the Ultima Hora newspaper that Lugo "probably sells himself" for money from Venezuela, Bolivia, and Ecuador.[10]

Ovelar, the Colorado candidate, said that she knew "what the people need and ... what has to be done". She said that she would focus on job creation and the strengthening of agricultural cooperatives, hoping to reduce the number of Paraguayans who emigrate for economic reasons.[9] According to Ovelar, Paraguay has "new needs that were not obvious before ... and they require the touch of a woman". If elected, Ovelar would have been Paraguay's first female president.[10]

Lino Oviedo's conviction for mutiny was overturned by the Supreme Court in October 2007, leaving him free to run for president.[11][12] In January 2008 he was nominated as the candidate of his party, the National Union of Ethical Citizens, without opposition.[5]

Ovelar held her last campaign rally in Asuncion on April 16. Along with Oviedo and Fadul, she participated in a last televised debate in the early afternoon of April 17; Lugo did not participate, and Ovelar criticized him for this. Lugo held his last rally in Asuncion later that night, with about 15,000 supporters present.[9]

Opinion polls

A poll from September 2007 saw a three-way race develop between Lugo, Oviedo and the ANR-PC candidate.[13]

A poll from November 2007 saw Lugo lead with over 40%, with Oviedo in second place and Castiglioni or Ovelar (it was still undetermined which of the pair would run) in third place.[14]

A poll from March 2008 saw two way developing with Lugo in the lead with 31%, Ovelar in second place with 27% and Oviedo in third place with 24%.[15] A poll from April 5, 2008 saw Lugo and Ovelar in a statistical dead heat with Lugo in the lead with 30.9%, Ovelar in second with 30.1%, and Oviedo in third with 21.4%. More than 10% remained undecided.[16]

Results

Shortly after the election, with results from 13,000 of 14,000 polling stations counted, Lugo had 41% of the vote against 31% for Ovelar and 22% for Oviedo. Lugo's supporters celebrated in the streets of Asuncion, and he declared that "today we've written a new chapter in our nation's political history". Ovelar conceded defeat, acknowledging that Lugo's lead was unassailable.[3] A couple of hours later, President Nicanor Duarte Frutos appeared at a press conference somberly but remarked that for the first time in the history of Paraguay a handover to the opposition will take place peacefully and in an orderly fashion.[17]

In the gubernatorial election, the ANR won nine departments, the PLRA seven and the APC one.[18]

In August, shortly before taking office, Lugo struck a deal with Oviedo, enabling him to govern with a parliamentary majority. Together, the Authentic Liberal Radical Party and National Union for Ethical Citizens will hold 25 out of 45 Senate seats and 44 out of 80 House of Representatives seats.[19]

Lugo was sworn in as president on August 15, 2008.[20]

President

Candidate Party Votes %
Fernando Armindo Lugo Méndez Patriotic Alliance for Change¹ CDP 766,502 42.40
Blanca Margarita Ovelar de Duarte Colorado Party 573,995 31.75
Lino César Oviedo Silva National Union of Ethical Citizens 411,034 22.74
Pedro Nicolás María Fadul Niella Beloved Fatherland Movement 44,060 2.44
Sergio Martínez Estigarribia Paraguayan Humanist Party 6,744 0.37
Horacio Enrique Eduardo Galeano Perrone Tetã Pyahu Movement 3,080 0.17
Julio César López Benítez Workers' Party 2,409 0.13
Invalid/blank votes 66,303 –
Total 1,940,430 100
Registered voters/turnout 2,861,940 65.48
Source: Justicia Electoral

¹The Patriotic Alliance for Change was an alliance of the Christian Democratic Party, Febrerista Revolutionary Party, National Encounter Party, Party for a Country of Solidarity, Movement for Socialism and Broad Front.

Chamber of Deputies

Party Votes % Seats +/–
Colorado Party 582,932 32.96 30 –7
Authentic Radical Liberal Party 500,040 28.27 27 +6
National Union of Ethical Citizens 330,754 18.70 15 +5
Beloved Fatherland Party 102,139 5.77 3 –7
Tekojoja People's Movement 64,566 3.65 1 New
Democratic Progressive Party 29,980 1.70 1 New
Caazapeña Patriotic Alliance 30,814 1.74 0 New
Movement for Socialism 29,223 1.65 0 New
National Encounter Party 14,227 0.80 0 0
Hope for Social Renewal 9,251 0.52 0 New
Tricolour Democratic Alliance 8,280 0.47 0 New
People's Unity Party 8,119 0.46 0 New
Party for a Country of Solidarity 7,887 0.45 0 –2
Paraguayan Humanist Party 7,455 0.42 0 0
Tetã Pyahu Movement 7,511 0.42 0 New
Boquerón Departmental Alliance 6,629 0.37 1 New
National Revolutionary Alliance 4,568 0.26 0 New
National Citizens' Resistance Movement 4,562 0.26 0 New
Oñondivepa Political Movement 4,206 0.24 0 New
Broad Front Party 3,918 0.22 0 0
Northern Patriotic Alliance 3,538 0.20 0 New
Workers' Party 2,128 0.12 0 New
MONAPEJUAM 1,547 0.09 0 New
Departmental Consensus for Change 1,296 0.07 0 New
White Party 1,077 0.06 0 New
AC–PFA–BSP 946 0.05 0 New
Revolutionary Febrerista Party 520 0.03 0 0
Guaireña Alliance for Change 516 0.03 0 New
Republican Force Movement 93 0.01 0 New
Invalid/blank votes 103,941 – – –
Total 1,872,663 100 80 0
Registered voters/turnout 2,861,940 65.43 – –
Source: TSJE

Senate

Party Votes % Seats +/–
Colorado Party 509,907 29.07 15 –1
Authentic Radical Liberal Party 507,413 28.92 14 +2
National Union of Ethical Citizens 336,763 19.20 9 +2
Beloved Fatherland Party 151,991 8.66 4 –3
Party for a Country of Solidarity 60,947 3.47 1 +1
Tekojoja People's Movement 52,247 2.98 1 New
Democratic Progressive Party 38,402 2.19 1 New
National Encounter Party 20,843 1.19 0 –1
Movement for Socialism 10,564 0.60 0 New
National Citizens' Resistance Movement 9,864 0.56 0 New
Tetã Pyahu Movement 8,030 0.46 0 New
People's Unity Party 7,510 0.43 0 New
Tricolour Democratic Alliance 7,260 0.41 0 New
Hope for Social Renewal 5,066 0.29 0 New
Paraguayan Humanist Party 4,893 0.28 0 0
Pensioners to Power 4,789 0.27 0 New
Broad Front Party 4,322 0.25 0 0
MONAPEJUAM 3,657 0.21 0 New
Oñondivepa Political Movement 3,116 0.18 0 New
National Revolutionary Alliance 2,853 0.16 0 New
White Party 1,915 0.11 0 New
Workers' Party 1,951 0.11 0 New
Invalid/blank votes 118,257 – – –
Total 1,872,560 100 45 0
Registered voters/turnout 2,861,940 65.43 – –
Source: TSJE

References

  1. ^ "Paraguay.- Convocan en Paraguay elecciones generales para el mes de abril de 2008", Lukor.com, May 25, 2007 Template:Es icon.
  2. ^ OAS mission highlights Paraguayan voters great participation - People's Daily Online
  3. ^ a b "Opposition wins Paraguay polls", Al Jazeera, April 21, 2008.
  4. ^ "Woman leads Paraguay ruling party's presidential primary", Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), December 17, 2007.
  5. ^ a b "Once-jailed Paraguayan army chief nominated for opposition run for president", Associated Press (The China Post), January 14, 2008.
  6. ^ "Paraguay nominates first woman for president, ruling party schism threatens bid", Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), January 22, 2008.
  7. ^ "Polls & Research: Lugo-Oviedo is Preferred Ticket in Paraguay". Angus Reid Global Monitor. 2006-12-17.
  8. ^ a b James Painter (2008-04-17). "Paraguay election: Key candidates". BBC News. Retrieved January 3, 2010.
  9. ^ a b c Bill Cormier, "Paraguay ex-bishop holds final rally", Associated Press, April 18, 2008. [dead link‍]
  10. ^ a b "Paraguayans head to the polls", Al Jazeera, April 20, 2008.
  11. ^ "Paraguayan High Court Annuls Former General's Coup Conviction", VOA News, October 31, 2007.
  12. ^ Bill Faries, "Paraguay's Oviedo Cleared to Run for Presidency, Nacion Says", Bloomberg.com, October 31, 2007.
  13. ^ "Oviedo Becomes New Favourite in Paraguay" Angus Reid, September 20, 2007.
  14. ^ "Lugo Leads All in Paraguay’s Presidential Race", Angus Reid, November 22, 2007.
  15. ^ [1], Angus Reid, March 26, 2008.
  16. ^ Lugo Barely Ahead as Paraguay Vote Looms: Angus Reid Global Monitor
  17. ^ http://www.ultimahora.com/notas/109808-Nicanor-reconoce-la-derrota-del-Partido-Colorado
  18. ^ http://www.abc.com.py/fotos/2008/05/03/080503230641243.jpg
  19. ^ Pedro Servin, "Paraguay prez-elect makes deals for majority", Associated Press, August 13, 2008. [dead link‍]
  20. ^ "Latin America's leftwing swells with new Paraguay president", AFP, August 15, 2008.
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