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Petoskey, Michigan

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This article is about the town; for the type of rock, see Petoskey Stone.

Petoskey, Michigan
City
Location in the state of Michigan
Location in the state of Michigan
CountryUnited States
StateMichigan
CountyEmmet
Government
 • MayorBill Fraser[1]
Area
[2]
 • Total
5.29 sq mi (13.70 km2)
 • Land5.09 sq mi (13.18 km2)
 • Water0.20 sq mi (0.52 km2)
Elevation
666 ft (202 m)
Population
 (2010)[3]
 • Total
5,670
 • Estimate 
(2012[4])
5,707
 • Density1,113.9/sq mi (430.1/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code
49770
Area code231
FIPS code26-63820[5]
GNIS feature ID0634731[6]
Websitehttp://www.petoskey.us/

Petoskey is a city and coastal resort community in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 5,670 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Emmet County.[7]

Petoskey and the surrounding area are notable in 20th-century American literature as the setting of several of the Nick Adams stories by Ernest Hemingway, who spent his childhood summers on nearby Walloon Lake. They are the setting for certain events in Jeffrey Eugenides' novel Middlesex (2002), which also features Detroit and its suburban areas.

History

See also: History of Northern Michigan
By 1876, the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad had built a line north to Petoskey. Petoskey became the county seat of Emmet County in 1902.[8]
By 1876, the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad had built a line north to Petoskey. Petoskey became the county seat of Emmet County in 1902.[8]

Odawa Inhabitants

The Little Traverse Bay area was long inhabited by indigenous peoples, including the Odawa people. The name "Petoskey" is said to mean "where the light shines through the clouds" in the language of the Odawa. After the 1936 Treaty of Washington, Odawa Chief Ignatius Petosega (1787–1885) took the opportunity to purchase lands near the Bear River. Petosega's father was Antoine Carre, a French Canadian fur trader and his mother was Odawa.[9]

Early Presbyterian Missions

By the 1850s, several religious groups had established missions near the Little Traverse Bay. The Mormons had been based at Beaver Island, the Jesuit missionaries had been based at L'arbor Croche and Michilimackinac, with a Catholic presence in Harbor Springs, then known as "Little Traverse".[10] Andrew Porter, a Presbyterian missionary, arrived at the village of Bear River (as it was then called) in 1852.[11][12]

Pioneer Commercial Interests

Amos Fox and Hirem Obed Rose were pioneer entrepreneurs who had made money both during the California Gold Rush and at Northport selling lumber and goods to passing ships. Originally based at Northport, Rose and Fox[13] (or Fox & Rose)[14] expanded their business interests to Charlevoix and Petoskey in the 1850s. Rose made additional money by being a part of a business partnership that extended the railroad from Walton Junction to Traverse City.[15] H.O. Rose, along with Archibald Buttars,[16] established a general merchandise business in Petoskey.[17] After the partnership split, Mr. Rose relocated to Petoskey and in 1873 started Petoskey's first dock.[18] When the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad was about to be extended into the Bay View area, Mr Rose purchased much land in that area as well as trolley cars to enable transport from Petoskey to Bay View.[19] Rose contributed to many firsts of Petoskey, including the first dock, the first general store, extensive lime quarries (Michigan Limestone Company, or Petoskey Lime Company[20] ),[21] erection of the Arlington Hotel, lumbering enterprises, first president of the village, harbor improvements in 1893,[22][23] and officiating at early commemorative public events.[24][25][26] Rose's influence on the city are also commemorated by the naming of the H. O. Rose room at the Perry Hotel.[27]

Later History

In the late 19th century, Petoskey was also the location where 50,000 passenger pigeon birds were killed daily in massive hunts, leading to their complete extinction in the early 20th century.[28] A state historical marker commemorates the events, including the last great nesting at Crooked Lake in 1878.[29] One hunter was reputed to have personally killed "a million birds" and earned $60,000, the equivalent of $1 million today.[30]

Petoskey is also famous for a high concentration of Petoskey stones, the state stone of Michigan. Notable natives are information theorist Claude Shannon, Civil War historian Bruce Catton and actress Megan Boone, star of the NBC television series The Blacklist (2013). The city is the boyhood home of singer-songwriter Sufjan Stevens.

This city was the northern terminus of the Chicago and West Michigan Railway.

The Petoskey stone is named after Odawa Chief Ignatius Petosega (1787–1885). With members descended from the numerous bands in northern Michigan, the Little Traverse Bay Band is a federally recognized tribe that has its headquarters at nearby Harbor Springs, Michigan. It also owns and operates a gaming casino in Petoskey.

Geography

The Bear River flows through Petoskey; the Mitchell Street Bridge is in the background.

Part of Northern Michigan, Petoskey is on the southeast shore of the Little Traverse Bay of Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Bear River. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.29 square miles (13.70 km2), of which 5.09 square miles (13.18 km2) is land and 0.20 square miles (0.52 km2) is water.[2]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18801,815—
18902,87258.2%
19005,28584.0%
19104,778−9.6%
19205,0646.0%
19305,74013.3%
19406,0194.9%
19506,4687.5%
19606,138−5.1%
19706,3423.3%
19806,097−3.9%
19906,056−0.7%
20006,0800.4%
20105,670−6.7%
2014 (est.)5,738[31]1.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[32]
City Hall

2010 census

As of the census[3] of 2010, there were 5,670 people, 2,538 households, and 1,319 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,113.9 inhabitants per square mile (430.1/km2). There were 3,359 housing units at an average density of 659.9 per square mile (254.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.7% White, 0.7% African American, 4.7% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.9% of the population.

There were 2,538 households of which 24.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.7% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 48.0% were non-families. 39.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.81.

The median age in the city was 39.8 years. 19.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.5% were from 25 to 44; 28.1% were from 45 to 64; and 16.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.3% male and 52.7% female.

2000 census

As of the census[5] of 2000, there were 6,080 people, 2,700 households, and 1,447 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,210.9 per square mile (467.6/km²). There were 3,342 housing units at an average density of 665.6 per square mile (257.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 94.18% White, 0.33% African American, 3.17% Native American, 0.81% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 1.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.17% of the population.

There were 2,700 households out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.8% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.4% were non-families. 39.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the city the population was spread out with 23.0% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 85.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,657, and the median income for a family was $48,168. Males had a median income of $35,875 versus $25,114 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,259. About 6.6% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.6% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation

The Little Traverse History Museum is housed in the former Chicago and West Michigan Railroad depot.
Petoskey Marina

Airports

Bus

Rail

  • Freight rail service to Petoskey is limited and provided by the Tuscola and Saginaw Bay Railway (TSBY); however, the tracks are owned by the state of Michigan in order to preserve rail service in northern Michigan. Freight traffic includes plastic pellets delivered to a rail/truck transload facility for Petoskey Plastics. Occasional passenger/special excursion trains to Petoskey occur every now and then. Historically, the Northern Arrow and other rail lines provided passenger traffic to Petoskey and Bay View, Michigan from as far as Chicago and St. Louis, but these were discontinued in the late 20th century.

Marina

  • The City of Petoskey Department of Parks and Recreation operates a 144-slip marina located in Bayfront Park. The marina offers seasonal and transient slips, gasoline, diesel fuel, boat launch, wireless internet, 30/50 AMP power, water, pump-out, restroom/showers, playground and adjacent park grounds. The Gaslight District is connected to Bayfront Park via a pedestrian tunnel. The marina received initial designation as a "Michigan Clean Marina"[36] in May 2007 and was recertified in 2010.[citation needed]

Major highways

Colleges

Notable people

Media

Mineral Well Park is one of many sites and buildings in Petoskey listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Newspaper
Magazines
  • Traverse, is published monthly with a focus on regional interests.
Local AM radio
Local FM radio

Camping

Climate

This climatic region has large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Petoskey has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.[39]

Climate data for Petoskey, Michigan
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 28
(−2) 		29
(−2) 		38
(3) 		51
(11) 		62
(17) 		71
(22) 		76
(24) 		76
(24) 		69
(21) 		57
(14) 		44
(7) 		33
(1) 		53
(12)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 15
(−9) 		13
(−11) 		21
(−6) 		33
(1) 		42
(6) 		53
(12) 		57
(14) 		58
(14) 		51
(11) 		42
(6) 		32
(0) 		22
(−6) 		37
(3)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.1
(53) 		1.4
(36) 		1.7
(43) 		2.5
(64) 		2.7
(69) 		2.8
(71) 		2.8
(71) 		3.3
(84) 		3.8
(97) 		3.1
(79) 		2.7
(69) 		2.4
(61) 		31.3
(797)
Source: Weatherbase [40]

Images

Further reading

  • Cappel, Constance, Hemingway in Michigan, 1999, Petoskey, MI: Little Traverse Historical Society
  • Cappel, Constance, ed., 2006 Odawa Language and Legends, Philadelphia, PA: Xlibris
  • Cappel, Constance, 2007, The Smallpox Genocide of the Odawa Tribe at L'Arbre Croche, 1763: A History of a Native American People, Lewiston, NY: Ediwin Mellen Press.
  • Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University, Bibliography on Emmet County.[41]

References

  1. ^ "City Council Profiles". Petoskey.us. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
  2. ^ a b "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  3. ^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  4. ^ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 3, 2013.
  5. ^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  6. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  7. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  8. ^ Kilborn, Harriet. "History of Emmet County". Emmet County website. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
  9. ^ Vogel, Virgil J. (1986). Indian Names in Michigan, pp. 45–46. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-06365-0.
  10. ^ http://www.petoskeysfx.org/history.html "The first Catholic Church was built in Petoskey around 1859 by Father Sifferath, who was stationed in Harbor Springs. "
  11. ^ Hellmann, Paul T. (2005). Historical Gazetteer of the United States. New York: Routledge (Taylor & Francis Books). p. 555. ISBN 0-415-93948-8. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
  12. ^ "Little Traverse Bay". michmarkers.com. Retrieved May 3, 2016. Petoskey, named for Chief Pe-to-se-ga of the Bear River Band was first settled in 1852 by Andrew Porter, a Presbyterian missionary.
  13. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=6WI0AQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA345&ots=zpJiYEhRjh&dq=H%20O%20Rose%20amos%20fox%20northport&pg=PA345#v=onepage&q=H%20O%20Rose%20amos%20fox%20northport&f=false Sprague's History of Grand Traverse and Leelanaw Counties, Michigan edited by Elvin L. Sprague, Mrs. George N. Smith p345
  14. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=QshKAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA392&ots=Gi5sw0DqBr&dq=%22H%20O%20Rose%22%20petoskey%20-perry&pg=PA392#v=onepage&q=%22H%20O%20Rose%22%20petoskey%20-perry&f=false p392
  15. ^ Bowen, B.F. (1905). Biographical History of Northern Michigan. Alpena County (Mich.): B.F. Bowen & Co. p. 499.
  16. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=3TG_sxY4KrgC&lpg=PA49&ots=lL5UptO61F&dq=%22H%20O%20Rose%22%20petoskey%20-perry&pg=PA49#v=onepage&q=%22H%20O%20Rose%22%20petoskey%20-perry&f=false OLD SETTLERS OF THE Grand Traverse Region By S. E. WAIT and W. S. ANDERSON p49
  17. ^ Bowen, B.F. (1905). Biographical History of Northern Michigan. Alpena County (Mich.): B.F. Bowen & Co. pp. 482, 486–499.
  18. ^ Bowen, B.F. (1905). Biographical History of Northern Michigan. Alpena County (Mich.): B.F. Bowen & Co. p. 498.
  19. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=UO5gAwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA30&ots=OuBsqtGaN2&dq=%22H%20O%20Rose%22%20petoskey%20-perry&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q=%22H%20O%20Rose%22%20petoskey%20-perry&f=false p30
  20. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=fTvYntmuiNsC&lpg=PA2672&ots=FefrP2mo2k&dq=%22H%20O%20Rose%22%20petoskey%20-perry&pg=PA2672#v=onepage&q=%22H%20O%20Rose%22%20petoskey%20-perry&f=false Report of the Chief of Engineers U.S. Army, Part 3 p2672
  21. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=eFHYAwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA5&ots=8e8tUMB-UZ&dq=Rose%20amos%20fox%20northport&pg=PA6#v=onepage&q&f=false p6
  22. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=CYc3AQAAIAAJ&lpg=PA2911&ots=f-78-72x_H&dq=%22H%20O%20Rose%22%20petoskey%20-perry%20hiram&pg=PA2911#v=onepage&q=%22H%20O%20Rose%22%20petoskey%20-perry%20hiram&f=false United States Congressional serial set, Issue 3202 p2911
  23. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=zCtHAQAAIAAJ&lpg=PA2944&ots=JW4l3C7aSp&dq=%22H%20O%20Rose%22%20petoskey%20-perry&pg=PA2944#v=onepage&q=%22H%20O%20Rose%22%20petoskey%20-perry&f=false Congressional Series of United States Public Documents, Volume 3634 p2944
  24. ^ http://deemamafred.tripod.com/emhist.html [Welcoming the first train to Petoskey] on November 25, 1873, " H. 0. Rose was on hand to do the official "welcoming" honors."
  25. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=pD8zAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA160&ots=r-loV5C8Ra&dq=%22H%20O%20Rose%22%20petoskey%20-perry&pg=PA160#v=onepage&q=%22H%20O%20Rose%22%20petoskey%20-perry&f=false The Traverse Region, Historical and Descriptive: With Illustrations p160
  26. ^ The Traverse Region, historical and descriptive. Chicago: H. R. Page & Co.,. 1884. pp. 154–155. Retrieved May 3, 2016. {{cite book}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  27. ^ http://www.staffords.com/perry-hotel/dine-perry-hotel/h-o-rose-dining-room/
  28. ^ Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History in cooperation with the Public Inquiry Mail Service (March 2001). "The Passenger Pigeon". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  29. ^ "Last Great Gathering of Passenger Pigeons, Crooked Lake Nesting Colony". Petoskey, Michigan: Michigan state historical marker. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
  30. ^ "Was Martha the last "Pigean de passage"? lifeofbirds.com". Life of Birds website. January 6, 2007. Archived from the original on October 9, 2007. Retrieved February 29, 2012. at Wayback Machine
  31. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  32. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  33. ^ "Pellston Regional Airport Serving Northern Michigan Emmet County". Pellstonairport.com. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
  34. ^ "EAST LANSING-PETOSKEY-ST. IGNACE" (PDF). Indian Trails. January 15, 2013. Retrieved February 27, 2013.
  35. ^ "GRAND RAPIDS-CADILLAC-TRAVERSE CITY-PETOSKEY" (PDF). Indian Trails. January 15, 2013. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  36. ^ "Certified Michigan Clean Marinas". Michigan Sea Grant. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
  37. ^ "Music". alanhewitt.com.
  38. ^ Sutton, Rene (April 2013). "Alan Hewitt — Featured Smooth Jazz Artist Archives Alan Hewitt – The Musical Force of Nature". The Smooth Jazz Ride. Retrieved January 4, 2015.
  39. ^ "Petoskey, Michigan Köppen Climate Classification". Weatherbase. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
  40. ^ "Weatherbase.com". Weatherbase. 2013. Retrieved on September 22, 2013.
  41. ^ "Home | Central Michigan University". Clarke.cmich.edu. October 7, 2010. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
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