Protestant Reformers
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Protestant Reformers were those theologians whose careers, works and actions brought about the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century.
In the context of the Reformation, Martin Luther was the first reformer (sharing his views publicly in 1517), followed by people like Andreas Karlstadt and Philip Melanchthon at Wittenberg, who promptly joined the new movement. In 1519, Huldrych Zwingli became the first reformer to express a form of the Reformed tradition.
Listed are the most influential reformers only. They are listed by movement, although some reformers (e.g. Martin Bucer) influenced multiple movements.
For a full and detailed list of all known reformers, see List of Protestant Reformers.
Notable precursors
There were a number of people who contributed to the development of the Reformation, but lived before it, including:
Arnoldist
- Arnold of Brescia (1090-1155)
- other early Arnoldist reformers
Waldensian
- Peter Waldo (1140-1205)
- other early Waldensian reformers
Lollard
- John Wycliffe (1320-1384)
- other early Lollard reformers
Hussite
- John Hus (1369-1415)
- Jerome of Prague (1379-1416)
- Petr Chelčický (1390-1460)
- other early Hussite reformers
Other
- Girolamo Savonarola (1452-1498)
- Tomáš Štítný ze Štítného (1333-1409)
- other early independent reformers
Magisterial Reformers
There were a number of key reformers within the Magisterial Reformation, including:
Lutheran
- Martin Luther
- Philipp Melanchthon
- Justus Jonas
- Martin Chemnitz
- Georg Spalatin
- Joachim Westphal
- Andreas Osiander
- Johannes Brenz
- Johannes Bugenhagen
- Hans Tausen
- Mikael Agricola
- Primož Trubar
- Jiří Třanovský
Reformed
- Huldrych Zwingli
- Martin Bucer
- John Calvin
- Heinrich Bullinger
- Theodore Beza
- William Farel
- John Knox
- Andreas Karlstadt, later a Radical Reformer
- Wolfgang Capito
- Johannes Oecolampadius
- Peter Martyr Vermigli
- Leo Jud
Anglican
Arminian
Unitarian
Radical Reformers
Important reformers of the Radical Reformation included:
Anabaptist
Schwenkfelder
Second Front Reformers
There were also a number of people who initially cooperated with the Radical Reformers, but separated from them to form a "Second Front", principally in objection to sacralism. Among these were:
Anabaptist
Counter Reformers
Roman Catholics who worked against the Protestant Reformation included:
Roman Catholic
- Girolamo Aleandro
- Augustine Alveld
- Thomas Cajetan
- Johann Cochlaeus
- Johann Eck
- Jerome Emser
- Pope Leo X
- John Tetzel
- Thomas More
- Ignatius Loyola
- Francis de Sales
See also
- List of Protestant Reformers (alphabetical)
Further reading
- George, Timothy. Theology of the Reformers. Nashville, Tenn.: Broadman Press, 1988. N.B.: Comparative studies of the various leaders of the Magisterial and Radical movements of the 16th century Protestant Reformation.