Punti
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Punti (Chinese: 本地; Jyutping: bun2 dei6, literally local(s)) is a Cantonese endonym referring to the native Cantonese people of Guangdong and Guangxi. "Punti" designates the Cantonese-speaking locals in contrast to the Hoklo people from Fujian who spoke the Hokkien dialects, the boat-dwelling Tanka people and [1] the Hakka immigrants who arrived in Guangdong and Guangxi during the Qing dynasty,
In Hong Kong, "Punti" as an ethnic group refers in a strict sense to the Cantonese-speaking indigenous inhabitants of Hong Kong who had settled in Hong Kong before the New Territories of Hong Kong were leased to the British Empire in 1898. Prominently represented by the "Weitou people" (圍頭人) – the Hau (侯), Tang (鄧), Pang (彭), Liu (廖), and Man (文) – these indigenous Punti inhabitants were afforded additional privileges in land ownership enshrined in the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory and the Basic Law of Hong Kong.
When used to designate a language, "Punti" is equivalent to the Standard Cantonese mainly used in Guangzhou (formerly Canton), Hong Kong and Macau. Punti became a commonly used word in Hong Kong law courts and other authorities such as the police; when a defendant chooses to use Punti in the court, he/she elects to use Cantonese as the language of trial instead of English. Despite the reference of "Punti" in this context means nothing more than "Cantonese Chinese" as a spoken language and the Hong Kong variation of the language, there are political and practical reasons of not using direct reference to the word "Cantonese Chinese".[2]
Modern use of the demonym "Punti" is promoted by the Hong Kong Museum of History, which maintains an extensive collection of Punti artefacts.[3]
See also
- Cantonese people
- Tanka people
- Agriculture in Hong Kong
- Agriculture in Macau
- Hoklo people
- Punti-Hakka Clan Wars
- Small House Policy
- Weitou dialect
References
- ^ "香港歷史博物館- Hong Kong Museum of History - Global Field Trip". Global Field Trip. 5 May 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
- ^ Guest People: Hakka Identity in China and Abroad, p. 10, at Google Books
- ^ "Hong Kong Museum of History". Hong Kong Traveller. Retrieved 17 August 2017.