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Scorpions (band)

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This article is about the German rock band. For other uses, see Scorpion (disambiguation).
Scorpions
OriginHanover, West Germany
Genres
Years active1965–present
Labels
MembersRudolf Schenker
Klaus Meine
Matthias Jabs
James Kottak
Paweł Mąciwoda
Past membersSee former members section
Websitethe-scorpions.com

Scorpions are a German rock band formed in 1965 in Hanover by Rudolf Schenker.[2] Since the band's inception, its musical style has ranged from hard rock[3][4] to heavy metal.[5][6] The lineup from 1978–92 was the most successful incarnation of the group, and included Klaus Meine (vocals), Rudolf Schenker (rhythm guitar), Matthias Jabs (lead guitar), Francis Buchholz (bass guitar), and Herman Rarebell (drums). The band's only constant member is Rudolf Schenker, although Meine has been the lead singer for all of the band's studio albums, and Jabs has been a consistent member since 1979.[7]

During the mid-1970s, with guitarist Uli Jon Roth part of the line-up, the music of Scorpions was defined as hard rock.[3][4] After the departure of Roth in 1978, Matthias Jabs joined and, following the guidance of producer Dieter Dierks, Scorpions changed their sound towards melodic heavy metal, mixed with rock power ballads. Throughout the 1980s the group received positive reviews and critical acclaim from music critics, and experienced commercial success with the albums Animal Magnetism (1980), Blackout (1982), Love at First Sting (1984), World Wide Live (1985) and Savage Amusement (1988).[8]

Their best-selling album Crazy World (1990) includes the song "Wind of Change",[9] a symbolic anthem of the political changes in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s and the fall of the Berlin Wall. It is one of the best-selling singles in the world with over fourteen million copies sold.[10] Scorpions have sold over 100 million records in total.[11] They have released 18 studio albums, 27 compilation albums and 74 singles. Six of their singles have reached number one on the charts in different countries. Their albums, singles, compilations and video releases have reached 200 times gold, platinum and multi-platinum status in different countries.[11]

Rolling Stone magazine describes Scorpions as "the heroes of heavy metal",[12] and MTV called them "Ambassadors of Rock". The band was ranked number 46 on VH1's Greatest Artists of Hard Rock programme,[13] with "Rock You Like a Hurricane" at number 18 on VH1's list of the 100 Greatest Hard Rock Songs.[14] "Still Loving You" ranked 22nd place among the greatest ballads. Scorpions have received prestigious awards such as three World Music Awards,[15] a star on the Hollywood Rock wall,[16] and a presence in the permanent exhibition of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[17] In 2015 the group celebrated its 50th anniversary.[18]

History

Formation and early history (1965–1973)

Rudolf Schenker, the band's rhythm guitarist launched the band in 1965. At first, the band had beat influences and Schenker himself handled the vocals.[19] Things began to come together in 1970 when Schenker's younger brother Michael and vocalist Klaus Meine joined the band. In 1972 the group recorded and released their debut album Lonesome Crow, with Lothar Heimberg on bass and Wolfgang Dziony on drums.[20] During the Lonesome Crow tour, Scorpions opened for upcoming British band UFO. Near the end of the tour, guitarist Michael Schenker accepted an offer of lead guitar for UFO. Uli Roth, a friend of the Schenker brothers, was then called in to finish off the tour.

The departure of Michael Schenker led to the breakup of the band. In 1973, Uli Roth, who had helped Scorpions complete the Lonesome Crow tour, was offered the role as lead guitarist, but turned the band down, preferring instead to remain in the band Dawn Road. Rudolf Schenker eventually decided that he wanted to work with Roth, but did not want to resurrect the last Scorpions lineup. He attended some of Dawn Road's rehearsals and ultimately decided to join the band, which consisted of Roth, Francis Buchholz (bass), Achim Kirschning (keyboards) and Jürgen Rosenthal (drums). Uli Roth and Buchholz persuaded Rudolf Schenker to invite Klaus Meine to join on vocals, which he soon did. While there were more members of Dawn Road than Scorpions in the band, they decided to use the Scorpions name because it was well known in the German hard rock scene and an album had been released under that name.[21]

Rise to fame (1974–1978)

In 1974, the new line-up of Scorpions released Fly to the Rainbow. The album proved to be more successful than Lonesome Crow and songs such as "Speedy's Coming" and the title track established the band's sound. Achim Kirschning decided to leave after the recordings. Soon after, Jürgen Rosenthal had to leave as he was being drafted into the army. In 1976, he would join a German progressive rock band called Eloy recording three albums. He was replaced in July 1974 by Jurgen Fechter. In 1975 Rudy Lenners from Belgium became the next drummer.

That year (1975) the band released In Trance, which marked the beginning of Scorpions' long collaboration with German producer Dieter Dierks. The album was a huge step forward for Scorpions and established their heavy metal formula. It garnered a fan base at home and abroad with cuts such as "In Trance", "Dark Lady" and "Robot Man".

In 1976, Scorpions released Virgin Killer. The album's cover featured a nude prepubescent girl behind a broken pane of glass. The cover art was designed by Stefan Bohle who was the product manager for RCA Records,[22] their label at the time. The cover brought the band considerable market exposure but was subsequently pulled or replaced in other countries. The album itself garnered widespread praise for its music from select critics and fan base. In 2008 this image was blacklisted from the English wikipedia by the Internet Watch Foundation, see Internet Watch Foundation and Wikipedia.

The following year, Rudy Lenners resigned for personal reasons and was replaced by Herman Rarebell.

For the follow-up Taken by Force, RCA Records made a determined effort to promote the album in stores and on the radio. The album's single, "Steamrock Fever", was added to some of RCA's radio promotional records. Roth was not happy with the commercial direction the band was taking. Although he performed on the band's Japan tour, he departed to form his own band, Electric Sun prior to the release of the resultant double live album Tokyo Tapes. Tokyo Tapes was released in the US and Europe six months after its Japanese release. By that time in mid 1978, after auditioning around 140 guitarists, Scorpions recruited guitarist Matthias Jabs.

Commercial success (1978-1992)

Following the addition of Jabs, Scorpions left RCA for Mercury Records in the United States and Harvest/EMI Electrola worldwide to record their next album Lovedrive. Just weeks after quitting UFO, Michael Schenker returned to the group for a short period during the recordings for the album. This gave the band three guitarists (though Schenker's contribution to the final release was limited to only three songs). The result was Lovedrive, an album which some critics consider to be the pinnacle of their career.[23] Containing such fan favourites as "Loving You Sunday Morning", "Always Somewhere", "Holiday" and the instrumental "Coast to Coast", it firmly cemented the 'Scorpions formula' of hard rock songs mixed with melodic ballads. The album's provocative artwork was named "Best album sleeve of 1979" by Playboy magazine, yet ultimately changed for American release. Lovedrive reached No. 55 on the US charts, demonstrating that the band was gathering an international following. After the completion and release of the album the band decided to retain Michael in the band, forcing Jabs to leave. However, in April 1979, during their tour in France, Michael quit and Jabs was brought in permanently to replace him.

The Scorpions logo

In 1980 the band released Animal Magnetism, again with a provocative cover this time showing a girl kneeling and a Doberman Pinscher sitting in front of a man. Animal Magnetism contained classics such as "The Zoo" and "Make It Real". Soon after the album's release, Meine began experiencing throat problems. He required surgery on his vocal cords and doubts were raised about whether he would ever sing again.

Meanwhile, the band began working on their next album, Blackout in 1981. Don Dokken was brought in to provide guide and backing vocals while Meine recovered.[24] Meine eventually healed completely and was able to finish the album. Blackout was released in 1982 and quickly became the band's best selling album to date, eventually going platinum. Meine's voice showed no signs of weakness and fan response to the album was good. Blackout spawned three singles: "Dynamite", "Blackout", and "No One Like You".

Gaining in popularity from the success of Blackout, Scorpions performed to over 375,000 fans on Day 2 at the three-day US Festival concert held in San Bernardino, California during Memorial Day Weekend of 1983. The concert was aired live on MTV, giving the band wide exposure in a live show.

The 1984 album Love at First Sting cemented Scorpions' status as an internationally popular band. Propelled by the single "Rock You Like a Hurricane", Love at First Sting climbed the charts and went double platinum in the USA a few months after its release.

MTV gave the album's videos "Rock You Like a Hurricane", "Bad Boys Running Wild", "Big City Nights", and the power ballad "Still Loving You" significant airtime greatly contributing to the album's success. The channel even supplied Scorpions with the nickname "The Ambassadors of Rock" to the chagrin of industry insiders who recognised the executive influence behind the scenes. Rolling Stone magazine named them "The Heroes of Heavy Metal".

The band toured extensively behind Love at First Sting and released their second live album, World Wide Live in 1985. Recorded over a year-long world tour and released at the height of their popularity, the album was another success for the band, peaking at No. 14 in the charts in the US and at No. 18 in the UK.

After their extensive world tours, the band finally returned to the studio to record Savage Amusement. Released in 1988, four years after their previous studio album, Savage Amusement represented a more polished and mature sound similar to the style Def Leppard had found success with. The album sold well but was considered somewhat of a critical disappointment. However, British heavy rock magazine Kerrang! did award the album five K's out of five.

On the Savage Amusement tour in 1988, Scorpions became only the second Western group (not American) to play in the Soviet Union. Uriah Heep had performed in December, 1987 in Leningrad. The following year the band returned to perform at the Moscow Music Peace Festival. As a result, Scorpions developed an extended Russian fan base and still return to perform.[25]

Wishing to distance themselves from the Savage Amusement style, the band separated from their long-time producer and "Sixth Scorpion", Dieter Dierks, replacing him with Keith Olsen when they returned to the studio in 1990. Crazy World was released that same year and displayed a less polished sound. The album was propelled in large part by the massive success of the ballad "Wind of Change". The song muses on the socio-political changes that were occurring in Eastern Europe and in other parts of the world at the end of the Cold War. On July 21, 1990 they joined many other guests for Roger Waters' massive performance of The Wall in Berlin. Scorpions performed both versions of "In the Flesh" from The Wall. After the Crazy World tour Francis Buchholz, the band's long-serving bassist, left the group.

Later days (1993–2009)

In 1993, Scorpions released Face the Heat. Bass was handled by Ralph Rieckermann. For the recording process, Scorpions brought in producer Bruce Fairbairn. The album's sound was more metal than melodic. Neither the heavy metal single "Alien Nation" nor the ballad "Under The Same Sun" came close to matching the success of "Wind of Change". Face the Heat was a moderate success. In 1995, a new album, Live Bites, was produced. The disc documented retro live performances from their Savage Amusement Tour in 1988, all the way through the Face the Heat Tour in 1994. While the album had a technologically cleaner sound in comparison to their best-selling live album, World Wide Live, it was not as successful.

Prior to recording their 13th studio album, 1996s Pure Instinct, drummer Herman Rarebell left the band to set up a recording label. Curt Cress took charge of the drumsticks for the album before Louisville, Kentucky-born James Kottak took over permanently. The album had many ballads. Still, the album's singles "Wild Child" and the soothing ballad "You and I" both enjoyed moderate success.

1999 saw the release of Eye II Eye and a significant change in the band's style, mixing in elements of pop and techno. While the album was slickly produced, it was not received well by fans. The video to the album's first European single, "To Be No. 1", featured a Monica Lewinsky look-alike which did little to improve its popularity.

The following year, Scorpions had an artistic collaboration with the Berlin Philharmonic that resulted in a 10-song album named Moment of Glory. The album went a long way toward rebuilding the band's reputation after the harsh criticism of Eye II Eye. However, critics accused them of following on the coattails of Metallica's similar collaboration (S&M) with the San Francisco Symphony which had been released the previous year, even though the orchestra had first approached Scorpions with the idea in 1995.

Scorpions in 2007

In 2001, Scorpions released Acoustica, a live unplugged album featuring acoustic reworkings of the band's biggest hits, plus new tracks. While appreciated by fans, the lack of a new studio album was frustrating to some, and Acoustica did little to return the band to the spotlight.

In 2004, the band released Unbreakable, an album that was hailed by critics as a long-awaited return to form. The album was the heaviest the band had released since Face the Heat. Whether a result of poor promotion by the band's label or the long time between studio releases, Unbreakable received little airplay and did not chart. Scorpions toured extensively behind the album and played as 'Special Guests' with Judas Priest during the 2005 British tour—these were the Scorpions' first dates in the UK since 1999.

In early 2006, Scorpions released the DVD 1 Night in Vienna that included 14 live tracks and a complete rockumentary. In LA, the band spent about four months in the studio with producers James Michael and Desmond Child working on a concept album titled Humanity: Hour I, which was released in late May 2007,[26] and was followed by the "Humanity World Tour".

In 2007, the band collaborated with two of their signature tracks in the video game series, "Guitar Hero." "No One Like You" was featured on the "Rocks the '80s" version of the game while "Rock You Like A Hurricane" was released on "Guitar Hero 3: Legends of Rock."

On May 14, 2007, Scorpions released Humanity – Hour I in Europe. Humanity – Hour I became available in the U.S. on August 28 on New Door Records, entering the Billboard charts at number No. 63.

In a September 2007 podcast interview, Meine said the album was not so much a "concept album", but rather a collection of songs with a common theme. "We didn't want to make another record with songs about boys chasing girls. I mean, come on, give me a break," Meine said.[27]

Asked in 2007 if the band was planning to release a Humanity – Hour II, Meine replied:

That is what everybody is asking. There might be. Who knows? Right now we are at the beginning of the world tour. It is exciting to play the new songs and they go very well with the classics. It is exciting that there is a whole new audience out there. There are many longtime fans but there are a lot of young kids. We just played in London and in Paris and there were young kids rocking out to songs that were written way before they were born. It is amazing. I don’t want to think about Hour II right now because Hour I is so exciting. It is very inspiring to see how much the audience enjoys this new music.

— Klaus Meine[28]

On December 20, 2007, Scorpions played at a concert for the elite of Russia’s security forces in the Kremlin. The concert was a celebration of the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Cheka—predecessor of the KGB. The band has claimed that they thought they were performing a Christmas concert. They have said that their concert was by no means a tribute to the Cheka, communism, or Russia's brutal past. Members of the audience included Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev.[29]

On 22 February 2009, Scorpions received Germany's ECHO Honorary Award for lifetime achievement at Berlin's O2 World.[30]

Sting in the Tail, touring and Comeback (2010–2014)

In November 2009, Scorpions announced that their 17th studio album, Sting in the Tail, would be released in early 2010,[31] recorded in Hanover with Swedish producers Mikael "Nord" Andersson and Martin Hansen. Sting in the Tail was released on March 23, 2010.[32]

File:ScoprionsStaples2012.jpg
Scorpions at the Staples Center, Los Angeles 2012

On 24 January 2010, the band announced their intentions for Sting in the Tail to be their last album, with the tour supporting it being their final tour, although the band later made the decision to continue recording past the end of the tour.[33][34] Dokken was scheduled to open for them but cancelled after a dispute.[35]

Rudolf Schenker – MTV Unplugged 2014

On 6 April 2010, Scorpions were enshrined in Hollywood's Rock Walk in a handprint ceremony,[36] with the band members placing their hands in a long slab of wet cement next to other musical artists.

An album of re-recordings of older songs, Comeblack, was released on 7 November 2011.[37]

Frontman Klaus Meine was asked in a July 2011 interview about the future of Scorpions and whether the band was going to make another album. He replied, "Our newest project comes out in the next few months. It gives you a chance to experience the Scorpions in 3D. You can actually feel the smoke string out of the guitar like it is a live show. It is an incredible experience. The DVD features our concerts in 3D in Germany. We are just about to do the mix and it should be in the Middle East and Saudi Arabia hopefully soon. Indeed, the strong 3D technology makes us feel like pioneers after all these years (he says, laughing). We have an album coming out later this year featuring classics. You know our love for them. The '60s was the era for our inspiration. Our movie/documentary also is soon to be released. We have cameras with us on tours, so this documentary is being made during our tours. It also gives you a picture of the Scorpions career and journey."[38]

Almost a year in advance it was announced Scorpions would headline the Wacken Open Air Festival on 4 August.


Matthias Jabs, Scorpions 2014

Despite ongoing rumours of a break up or retirement, guitarist Matthias Jabs told AZ Central on June 12, 2012 that Scorpions would not be splitting up.[39] A month later, Jabs told Billboard magazine that the band has been working on an album that will contain unreleased songs they recorded for the albums Blackout, Love at First Sting, Savage Amusement and Crazy World and plan to release it in 2014.[40] In April Scorpions announced shows in Russia and Belarus with an orchestra in October 2013. On 11, 12, and 14 September 2013, the Scorpions played three MTV Unplugged concerts at the Lycabettus-Theatre in Athens.[41] On November 6, 2013 they announce 4 more MTV Unplugged Concert in Germany 2014. In December 2013 in an interview at Rock Show radio programme in Greece, Klaus Meine said he is not sure if the album that will contain unreleased songs they recorded for the albums Blackout, Love at First Sting, Savage Amusement and Crazy World is going to be released in 2014 or later on.[42]

On 2014 Scorpions were nominated for two Echo Awards ("Euro Grammy's") for their 'MTV' Unplugged.

On August 16, Scorpions announced that there's a new album in the works due for release sometime in 2015.[43]

50th anniversary and Return to Forever (2015–)

Scorpions performing at RockFest in 2015

On October 23, 2014 Scorpions' leader Klaus Meine spoke to the band's French fan-club Crazyscorps, and announced that the new record would be published in February or March 2015, to coincide with the band's 50th anniversary. Contrary to what the band said in 2013, the new record will present not only newly recorded versions of never-published songs, but also new material, written between 2011 and 2014. The album is being recorded in Sweden, with producers Martin Hansen and Mikael Nord Andersson. Drummer James Kottak, who left the band in May 2014 for rehab, would return to play drums on the new record.[44] The new album Return to Forever was released on February 20, 2015. On August 29, 2015, the Scorpions announced 50th anniversary deluxe editions of their albums Taken By Force, Tokyo Tapes, Lovedrive, Blackout, Love At First Sting, World Wide Live, and Savage Amusement which are set to be released November 6, 2015. These deluxe releases include "dozens of unreleased songs, alternate versions of big hits, rough mixes, and rare live concert recordings".

Band members

Current members

Former members

Vocalists

  • Werner Hoyer – lead vocals (1967–1968)
  • Charles Porter – lead vocals (1968–1969)
  • Bernd Hegner – lead vocals (1968–1969)

Bassists

  • Achim Kirchoff – bass (1965-1966)
  • Lothar Heimberg – bass, backing vocals (1967–1973)
  • Francis Buchholz – bass, backing vocals (1973–1992)
  • Ralph Rieckermann – bass, backing vocals (1993–2000, 2000–2003)
  • Ken Taylor – bass, backing vocals (2000)
  • Ingo Powitzer – bass (2004)

Drummers

  • Wolfgang Dziony – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1965–1972)
  • Harald Grosskopf – drums, percussion (1967)
  • Joe Wyman – drums, percussion (1972)
  • Werner Lohr – drums, percussion (1973)
  • Jürgen Rosenthal – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1973–1974)
  • Jurgen Fechter – drums, percussion (1974)
  • Rudy Lenners – drums, percussion (1975–1977)
  • Herman Rarebell – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1977–1982, 1984-1995)
  • Curt Cress – drums, percussion (1995–1996)
  • Mark Cross – drums, percussion (2014)
  • Johan Franzon – drums, percussion (2014)
  • Mikkey Dee (2016)

Guitarists

  • Karl-Heinz Vollmer – lead guitar, backing vocals (1965–1967)
  • Ulrich Worobiec – lead guitar, backing vocals (1968–1969)
  • Michael Schenker – lead guitar, backing vocals (1969–1973, 1978–1979)
  • Uli Jon Roth – lead guitar, backing vocals, lead vocals on "Drifting Sun", "Fly to the Rainbow", "Dark Lady", "Sun in My Hand", "Hell Cat", "Polar Nights" (1973–1978)

Keyboardists

  • Achim Kirschning – keyboards (1970–1974, 1975–1977 as support member)

Manager

  • Krebs/Leber (Management 1979–1988)
  • Doc McGhee (Management 1988–1994)
  • Peter F. Amend (Lawyer, Booker and Manager 1991–2014)
  • Jens-Carsten Schneider (Lawyer, Booker and Manager 2014–present)
  • Stewart Young (1995–present)
  • Rod MacSween ( –present, International Booking Agent Worldwide)
  • Steve Martin ( –present, Booking Agent for USA and Canada )
  • Tom Consolo (Front Line Management;Frontline Management Group, Azoffmusic Management; North-America, 2011/12)
  • Steve Martin (The Agency Group, 2012)

Timeline

Discography

Main article: Scorpions discography
Studio albums

Tours

The Scorpions have played around 5,000 concerts in over 80 countries.[45]

In other media

Musical theatre

The Scorpions song "Wind of Change" appears in the Off-Broadway production Power Balladz.

Awards and honours

  • 1975: Best German Live Band
  • 1976: Album of the Year in Germany - Virgin Killer
  • 1979: Playboy magazine: Best artwork of the year for the Lovedrive cover
  • 1985: Entry into the Golden Book of Hanover
  • 1986: Bravo-Otto Band in Silver Category, Hard & Heavy
  • 1991: Bravo Otto in Gold Category band, Hard & Heavy
  • 1991: Invitation to the Kremlin, reception in the former Soviet state with party leader Mikhail Gorbachev
  • 1992: Bravo Otto in bronze category band, Hard & Heavy
  • 1992: World Music Award as the most successful German rock act
  • 1992: Echo as the best national group
  • 1992: Europe Golden (German: Goldene Europa)
  • 1994: World Music Award
  • 1998: Radio Regenbogen Award, Rock International
  • 2000: Town of Hanover Plaque (German: Stadtplakette)
  • 2000: Entry into the Golden Book of Hanover
  • 2000: Cultural Prize of the City of Hanover
  • 2001: Scorpions Street in Leganes, Spain
  • 2009: Echo Lifetime Achievement award
  • 2010: Star on the Hollywood Rock Walk, Los Angeles
  • 2010: Rock Legend Award - the World Music Award (special award for outstanding contribution to the development of rock music)
  • 2010: Special postage stamp Scorpions for the Brazil tour, published by the Brazilian postal service
  • 2010: Lifetime Achievement Awards, the Hard Rock Cafe chain
  • 2011: Radio Regenbogen Award in the category Lifetime Rock[46]
  • 2011: Pioneer of Pop - awarded by SWR3-New-Pop-Festival[47]
  • 2011:Metal Guru Award from Classic Rock (magazine)[48]
  • 2012: CGDC Award for Music for Dialogue from the Center for Global Dialogue and Cooperation (CGDC)[49]
  • 2012: Deutscher Nachhaltigkeitspreis der Städte und Gemeinden[50]
  • 2013: Steiger Award

See also

Template:Wikipedia books

References

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  24. ^ [1] Archived 2013-10-17 at the Wayback Machine
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  43. ^ "SCORPIONS To Celebrate 50th Anniversary In 2015 With New Studio Album, Tour". Blabbermouth.net. 16 August 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
  44. ^ "SCORPIONS' Klaus Meine – The new record sounds amazing !". Crazyscorps. 23 October 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
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  47. ^ "SWR3 New Pop Festival 2011". Swr3.de. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
  48. ^ "Classic Rock » Blog Archive » CR AWARDS: The Winners". Classicrockmagazine.com. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
  49. ^ "CGDC Award 2012". cgdc.eu. Retrieved 2014-04-23.
  50. ^ "Dt. Nachhaltigkeitspreis: Ehrenpreisträger stehen fest | Markenartikel". Markenartikel-magazin.de. Retrieved 2014-04-23.

[2]

Other references

  • Weinstein, Deena. Heavy Metal: The Music and its Culture. DaCapo, 2000. ISBN 0-306-80970-2, pp. 29, 36.
  • Ingham, Chris. The Book of Metal. Thunder's Mouth Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-56025-419-5. LCCN 2002071975.
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