Singaporean communitarianism
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Singaporean communitarianism was founded by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew in 1959 under the People's Action Party (PAP).
Principles
Communitarianism is the belief that a perfect society relies not of the ambition of personal individualism, but rather consists of the responsibilities of cohesive communal structures. This is inherently a dualistic approach to a nationalistic society. Singaporean communitarianism sets up communities to support the greater good, much like the spokes support a wheel.
Emphasis is placed not on the inherent rights a government owes to an individual, but rather the inherent responsibilities an individual owes to their community.
Contrary to popular belief, communitarianism is not communism. Communitarianism is a socio-political structure, rather than an economic theory. In fact, Singapore is very much a capitalist country who has managed to outperform all its neighboring countries in quality of life, budget, corruption and finance.
Lee Kuan Yew was the first Singaporean leader to emphasize a "nation" which created a "national interest" amongst the splintered cultures of Singapore. This was done as a transformative approach to the national hegemony at the time, which was eroding due to, among other things, a lapse in time from the historical conditions which led to the original underlying Marxist ideology of the PAP.[1]
Although it may have been the pragmatic approach to Marxism that was the catalyst of a first world Singapore, it was most definitely Lee Kuan Yew's "national interest" approach which allowed the success of Singapore to grow. The weakening hold of pragmatism acted as a Petri dish allowing for new concepts such as communitarianism to implant itself in the national consciousness. Recent global political trends tend to fill pragmatic voids with liberal democracy, such as after the fall of the Soviet Union and most of its satellite nations. However, due to Singapore's majority ethnic Chinese (coupled with a sense of retaliatory ethnic pride against the then recent Malaysian expulsion) and its Asian collectivist (i.e., Confucian) mentality, formal democratic processes were framed within a communitarian ideology.
This ideological communitarian veil over Singaporean democracy includes such actions as the PAP's attempt to redirect cultural and political development towards traditional values. This redirection was perceived as way of resisting the 'corrupting influences of an incipient Westernisation' - or in other words, a way to 'Confucianise' society.[2]
It included a public housing programme by the Housing Development Board (HDB) in 1960 which currently houses approximately 80% of the Singaporean population. The legislative act that allowed the HDB to acquire vast amounts of privately owned land is in contrast to British and Singaporean common law property rights and, although the HDB gave a legal rationale for the acquisition, it was clearly done to further advance the ideological hegemony of the times.
Although always politically sensitive in nature, it is difficult to argue with the results of a well-administered 'communitarianist hegemony.' Singapore is currently one of the safest and least corrupt nations in the world. Singapore's people live a quality of life standard equivalent to that of Scandinavians, while its neighbors live mostly in poverty[clarification needed].