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{{Infobox automobile
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Smart Fortwo
| name = Flintstones Car
| image = [[File:2008 Smart ForTwo Passion convertible -- 04-22-2011 2.jpg|250px|2008 Smart Fortwo Passion convertible (US)]]
| image = [[File:2008 Smart ForTwo Passion convertible -- 04-22-2011 2.jpg|250px|2008 Smart Fortwo Passion convertible (US)]]
| aka = City Coupe
| aka = City Coupe

Revision as of 01:43, 11 May 2011

Flintstones Car
2008 Smart Fortwo Passion convertible (US)
Overview
Manufacturersmart
Also calledCity Coupe
Production1998–present
AssemblyBöblingen, Germany
Hambach, France
Body and chassis
ClassCity car[1]
Kei car
Body style3-door hatchback
2-door convertible
LayoutRR layout
RelatedSmart Roadster
Mitsubishi i

The Smart Fortwo is a rear-engined two-seater city car manufactured by Smart GmbH, introduced at the 1998 Paris Motor Show as the Smart City Coupé, and currently in its second generation. The name refers to its seat capacity.[1]

In 2008, Smart debuted an all-electric concept, the Fortwo ed.

Features

Transmission and shifting performance

The Smart features an automated manual transmission without a clutch pedal, 6-speed for the first generation, 5-speed for the second. Input from floor-mounted shifter or optional steering wheel-mounted paddles controls a servo-operated clutch and sequential automated gearbox. The vehicle may be driven in automatic mode, though the shift points are not as smooth as in a traditional automatic transmission. In paddle shifter mode, the operator controls the shift points but cannot feather or adjust the speed of the clutch. Thus some skill, and a slight lifting of the accelerator pedal, is required to achieve a smooth shift.

From 2009, second generation Fortwos were delivered with improved software that made automatic gear changes both smoother and faster than earlier models. The software, in the form of a free ECU upgrade was also made available for 2008 second generation cars, along with a new battery in certain cases.[2][3]

Parking

An example of smart fortwo compact parking

The Smart car allows back-in parking in otherwise parallel parking zones; its length of 250 cm (98.4 in) equals the width of a truck or a regular parking slot, allowing two or three Smarts to park in a standard space reserved for a single car. However, this type of parking has been banned in Munich, Germany, amongst other places. Such parking in parallel-designated spaces is illegal in most U.S.A jurisdictions. [citation needed] Current model is 269 cm (106.1 Inches).

Identity and registration

The Smart features interchangeable body panels—whereby one car can easily assume a different look. To accommodate a licensing agent's notation of a vehicle's color, the fortwo is sometimes registered as silver or black based on the Tridion frame color, which remains constant regardless of the body panels.

First generation (1998-2007)

First generation

Overview
Production1998-2007
Powertrain
Engine0.6L petrol (turbo) I3
0.7L petrol (turbo) I3
0.8L diesel (turbo) I3
Transmission6-speed automated manual transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase71.3 in (1,810 mm)
Length98.4 in (2,500 mm)
Width59.6 in (1,510 mm)
Height61 in (1,500 mm)
Curb weight730 kg (1,610 lb)

The first generation first appeared in 1998, and it was replaced in 2002 by a facelift version.

Engine

The engine ranges featured turbocharged three cylinder motors. Originally, the base petrol engine had 599 cc, but displacement increased to 698 cc with an early restyling. It was available in 37 kW (50 hp) or 45 kW (61 hp) variants. The turbodiesel engine has 799 cc displacement with 30 kW (40 hp). Engines are mounted in the rear of the vehicle.

Models

The fortwo is available with targa-style removable roof panels (originally city cabrio, now fortwo cabrio) which was introduced in 2000, and was restyled in 2002. Model variants include the base model Pure, sporty mid-spec model Pulse coupe, and luxury top-spec model Passion Cabriolet.

  • Limited 1: The first limited edition of which 7500 were made. All left hand drive. Released at the time of the original launch in 1998. Black Tridion cell and White body panels. Alloy wheels, Limited 1 insignia, Blue interior with Beige Leather finishings. Supplied with certificate showing which number out of the 7500 made. A plaque with this number was mounted just below the windshield on the inside.
  • Cdi: has the world's smallest production car diesel engine, which uses common-rail direct injection. With a consumption of 3.3 litres (NEDC) per 100 kilometres and CO2 emissions of just 88 grams per kilometre, it has the lowest current production car CO2 emissions worldwide, since Audi's and Volkswagen's retired "3 litre" cars, the A2 1.2 TDI and the Lupo 1.2 TDI respectively.[4]
  • Crossblade: a 2002 limited-edition variant of the city cabrio, a roadster without a windshield, roof or conventional doors, limiting its use. Its weight was still 740 kilograms (1,630 lb). The Brabus-tuned engine developed 52 kW (71 PS) from its 599 cc engine. After Robbie Williams purchased Crossblade number 008, smart began a marketing association with the British singer, using Williams to promote the brand and the new ForFour.
  • Crosstown: a convertible with a foldable windshield based on the fortwo, was presented at IAA Frankfurt in 2005. No plans have yet been announced to bring this model to market.
  • Michalak C7: a sports car using mostly ForTwo parts.
  • Nightrun: includes instrument panels, steering wheel, paddles, shifter, Monoblock VI alloy wheels, leather seats and engine upgrade from Brabus. Edition Nightrun is only available with the fortwo coupé.
  • Truestyle: painted in metallic paint colour, ruby red, available in pure trim.
  • i-move: a special edition run of 70 fortwo cabrios, based on the passion cabrio specs with Brabus Monobloc VI wheels, Leather interior trim, and Lite White Panels. The Addition of an iPod cradle which held a special edition 20Gb 3G iPod, and an aluminium name plate on the dash confirmed its special edition status.
  • Forfun2 Concept: an off-road version of the fortwo introduced at the 2005 Athens Motor Show by Greek 4x4 Rally Champion Stefan Attart. The forfun 2 Concept combines the body of a fortwo with the chassis and drivetrain of a Unimog. It sports monster truck-like 26-inch wheels wrapped in 140 cm diameter tires and winding keys where the fortwo's rear wheels are supposed to be.[5][6]
  • Brabus: In the 2007 Geneva Motor Show, Smart introduced the Brabus version of the Smart Fortwo, It has 98 PS (72 kW; 97 hp) of power and 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) takes 9.9 seconds with top speed electrically limited at 155 km/h (96 mph)
  • Smart K: The smart K was launched in October 2001, exclusively for the Japanese market. It was designed exclusively to fit the Japanese kei car regulations by adopting specially developed rear fenders and shortening the track width and tire dimensions. As a result, with the width reduced to 1,470 mm, the smart K complies with the Japanese kei car regulations. Also, the engine displacement remains unchanged from 598 cc, as specified in the standard. Safety features include ESP (Electronic Stability Program) and BAS (Brake Assist System) as standard. The Smart K also facilitates the driver's starting procedure with the Hill Start Assist that makes a starts on inclined planes easier.[7] The Smart K was discontinued as of November, 2004.[8]
  • Smart ForTwo Edition Limited One: Featured special edition "pyrite grey metallic" body work with contrasting silver Tridion Safety cell. It featured "Cognac Brown" Used look Nappa leather on the seats, steering wheel, and shift lever. The velour floor mats also were trimmed in the aforementioned leather. This was a new model to commemorate the launch of the model 451 Smart.
  • Convertible generation 450 rear quarter
    Convertible
    generation 450
    rear quarter
  • Convertible generation 450 front view
    Convertible
    generation 450
    front view
  • Convertible generation 450 rear view close
    Convertible
    generation 450
    rear view close
  • Tachometer generation 450 and clock
    Tachometer
    generation 450
    and clock
  • Smart Crossblade.
    Smart Crossblade.
  • 2006 Smart ForTwo BRABUS.
    2006 Smart ForTwo BRABUS.
  • First generation facelift front.
    First generation facelift front.
  • First generation facelift rear.
    First generation facelift rear.

Second generation (2007-present)

Second generation
Overview
Production2007-present
Powertrain
Engine0.8L diesel (turbo) I3
1.0L petrol I3
1.0L petrol (turbo) I3
Transmission5-speed automated manual transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase2008-2010: 73.5 in (1,870 mm)
2011-: 1,867 mm (73.5 in)
Length2008-2010: 106.1 in (2,690 mm)
2011-: 2,695 mm (106.1 in)
Width2008-2010: 61.4 in (1,560 mm)
2011-: 1,559 mm (61.4 in)
Height60.7 in (1,540 mm)
2011-: 1,542 mm (60.7 in)

Introduced November 10, 2006, the second generation features slightly greater length and improved crash performance while maintaining similar styling.

Engine and fuel economy

The new 999 cc I3 version 3B21 (2007 onwards) is produced by Mitsubishi Motors and it comprises normally aspirated (NA) and turbo versions. The turbo petrol version has a power of 84 PS (83 hp). The NA 999 cc engine has 11.4:1 compression ratio and premium fuel (95+ octane RON) is recommended. It is rated at 71 hp (53 kW). The US NA 999 cc engine has a 10:1 compression ratio and premium fuel (91 octane AKI) is recommended and is rated at 70 hp (71 PS; 52 kW). German tuner company Brabus, in a joint venture with Smart, has developed a version with 72 kW (97 hp; 98 PS) and 140 N·m torque, originally available only in Europe, but now available elsewhere.

European Union (EU) testing rates the 999 cc Smart at 4.7 L/100 km (60 mpg‑imp; 50 mpg‑US) for the gasoline model and 3.4 L/100 km (83 mpg‑imp; 69 mpg‑US) for the diesel.[citation needed] The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rates the vehicle at 36 mpg‑US (6.5 L/100 km; 43 mpg‑imp) combined.[9]

Concept

The smart fortwo's length is 8 ft 10 in (2.69 m) (second generation).

An exposed, rigid steel frame, marketed as the "Tridion" frame, surrounds and protects the passenger compartment while defining the car's shape and design—and allowing for interchangeable plastic body panels to complete the exterior. With a weight of 730 kg (1,609 lb), it is one of the lightest cars in the European market.

Safety

The Smart is equipped with seat-mounted combination side airbags as well as electronic stability control. To maximize the front crumple zone, the smart fortwo's engine is rear-mounted.

In Insurance Institute for Highway Safety tests, the 2008 Smart Fortwo, the smallest car marketed in the US market, earned the top overall rating of "Good" in both the front and side crash tests. The Fortwo received the "Good" score in 8 of 11 measured injury categories.[10] Its seat/head restraints earned the second highest rating of "Acceptable" for protection against whiplash in rear impacts. The IIHS did an offset crash test with a Smart Fortwo and Mercedes-Benz C-Class, which is 40% of one car's driver's side head on with 40% of another car's driver's side, and the Smart received a "Poor" rating due to the occupants' heads slamming into the steering wheel. Also, there was too much intrusion into the footwell of the Smart Fortwo. Dummy movement was not well controlled. The Smart Fortwo spun 450 degrees in the air upon impact.[11]

NHTSA crash test results for the 2008 Smart Fortwo:[12]

  • Frontal Driver:
  • Frontal Passenger:
  • Side Driver: *The driver door unlatched and opened during the side impact crash which increases the likelihood of occupant ejection.
  • Rollover:

Euro NCAP crash results:[13]

  • Adult Occupant:
  • Pedestrian:

Hybrid

At the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show, Smart launched the a "micro hybrid drive" version of the ForTwo, a mild hybrid. Smart claimed this provides a fuel efficiency improvement of eight percent from 50 miles per US gallon (4.7 L/100 km; 60 mpg‑imp) to almost 55 miles per US gallon (4.3 L/100 km; 66 mpg‑imp), while Carbon dioxide emissions drop from 112 to 103g/km.[4] The mhd version of the fortwo is not currently available in the USA or Canada.

Smart electric drive

Further information: Smart ED

An all-electric version of the fortwo, the "smart fortwo electric drive", has been in development since 2006.[14][15] Zytek developed the motor and produced the first-generation "smart EV" cars powered by sodium-nickel chloride batteries.[16] Market trials began during 2007[17][18] in London. Externally it appears identical to the standard 'Smart Fortwo coupé'.[19]

At the London motorshow in July 2008, Smart representatives gave estimates of the Smart ED purchase price to be around £16,000 (€20,000). It was also presented at the 2008 Paris Car Show. Production delivery was expected in 2010. It will feature 30 kW (40 hp) output, a top speed of 70 mph (110 km/h) and will be capable of 0-30 mph (48 km/h) in 6.5 seconds. The European fortwo ED can travel up to 72 miles (116 km) between charges. It typically takes around 8 hours for a full charge.[20][21][22][23]

In 2008 Tesla Motors signed an agreement to supply the first 1000 battery packs for these cars.[24] In August 2009 Daimler announced production of second-generation vehicles using Tesla's lithium-ion battery packs would begin in late 2009 for trials in Europe and the USA, with general availability in 2012.[25]

BRABUS

2008 fortwo BRABUS.

It is a sport package that include a sport exhaust with dual center tips, sport suspension, 15- front and 17-inch rear wheels, power steering and all the BRABUS visual cues. The originally planned turbocharged engine was not included.[26] It is available in cabriolet or coupe variations, the latter equipped with a glass panoramic roof, and a choice of two colors, metallic silver or deep black.

The 2009 Smart Fortwo Brabus has Manufacturer's Suggested retail price (MSRP) of $18,635USD for the coupe, and $21,635USD for cabriolet.[27] The Canadian models cost $21,900 for coupe, and $24,900 for cabriolet.[28]

Canadian 10th anniversary edition

smart Canada released ten 10th anniversary edition smart fortwo cars in February 2009. Each car started life as a Canadian BRABUS model before being converted into 10th anniversary editions by BRABUS in Germany. All of the cars are arctic grey metallic with chalet brown and alcantara leather interiors with black BRABUS Monoblock 7 wheels. Each car has a number plate on the dash to signify its production number out of ten. One was given away in the 10th anniversary contest and the remaining 9 cars were available for purchase via smart Canada's buyers draw.

smart Canada also produced 1:87 scale versions, of which 10,000 were made.

  • 2008 Passion Coupe generation 451 Black on Black
    2008 Passion Coupe
    generation 451
    Black on Black
  • 2008 Passion Coupe generation 451 Black on Black
    2008 Passion Coupe
    generation 451
    Black on Black
  • 2008 Passion Coupe generation 451 Black on Black
    2008 Passion Coupe
    generation 451
    Black on Black
  • 2008 Passion Coupe generation 451 Dashboard
    2008 Passion Coupe
    generation 451
    Dashboard
  • 2008 fortwo BRABUS.
    2008 fortwo BRABUS.

Electric and hybrid propulsion

Further information: Smart (automobile) § Models, and Smart models

International markets

Australia

The Smart fortwo is available in Australia since 2003 in only the middle 'Pulse' range, and with the petrol engine. As of April 16, 2007 the base price for the fortwo coupé is A$19,900, and for the fortwo cabriolet is $22,900. The Smart fortwo is sold through selected Mercedes-Benz dealers.

Canada

The Smart fortwo was introduced in Canada in 2004 and sold through Mercedes-Benz dealers. Only the turbo-diesel powerplant was offered for the coupé and convertible models because of tough emission regulations for gasoline engines dictated by Transport Canada. Demand was initially heavy, with up to six-month waiting lists in major urban areas in the spring of 2005. The vehicle has proven especially popular for light errand running for small shops and businesses, with many carrying custom paint jobs or stick-on graphics boldly advertising the associated product or service.

In 2008, Canada only received the gasoline model because the diesel version does not meet 2007 emission standards. The fortwo carries a 1.0-litre engine that delivers up to 70 horsepower (52 kW) and a re-engineered automated-manual 5-speed transmission with a slightly larger body. It is not yet decided if any other engines will be offered by smart Canada in the future such as the micro hybrid or a future diesel model. At this point the 2009 model of the smart will continue to have the 70 hp (52 kW) gasoline powered engine. Due to the changes, the fortwo sales plummeted in Canada.

China

The Smart "vending machine" in Shenyang, China

In April 2008, Smart first premiered in the China Auto Show 2008 in Beijing. On October 1, 2008, the Smart "vending machine" road show had the first stop in Shenyang (at Isetan), and also started the pre-order period. The cost for reserving a Smart was 388 RMB.[29] The price range of smart fortwo in China is 158,000 to 206,000 RMB.

Japan

There is a Japan-only variant called the Smart K which is the only non-Japanese car that fulfills the regulations for Kei cars.

United States

Modified imports

Smart Fortwo in the United States

In early 2006, a specialty automotive import and engineering firm - G and K Auto conversions (GNKAuto.com) of Santa Ana California - after investing millions of dollars in testing and fees, received DOT, NHTSA, and EPA approval to sell a modified European specification Smart Fortwo in the US. The 23 modifications to the Smart Fortwo included DOT certified headlights, reinforced doors for additional side impact protection, an odometer that reads in miles rather than kilometers, and soft padding on the interior pillars and ceiling. Smart Fortwo dealers in the US were a mix of "green car" specialty companies (GreenCarCo.com), (EcoAutoInc.com) and exotic car dealers. Approximately 1,000 model year 2004, 2005, and 2006 Smart cars were imported without Smart's or Mercedes Benz's cooperation and converted by G&K.

Made for US market

On 26 June 2002, Smart fortwo was exhibited at the new Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) affiliate P.S. 1 in Queens, New York for the first time.

In September 2006, Daimler AG announced that Smart USA, a division of Penske Auto Group (at the time of the announcement it was United Auto Group, later changed to PAG,[30] ) would be the official distributor for Smart in the United States and Puerto Rico.

The redesigned smart fortwo (Model 451) has been available since January 2008 in the USA. Numerous changes were made from the previous model (450). Its Mercedes Benz power plant was replaced by a non-turbo Mitsubishi 3B21 engine and the overall dimensions of the car increased.

The 2009 model year US version of the smart fortwo is available in 3 trims: Pure (base trim), Passion, and Passion cabriolet. Pure has an MSRP of US$11,990, Passion has an MSRP of $13,990, and the Passion Cabriolet has an MSRP $16,990.[31] A reservation program was launched by Smart USA in March, 2007.[32][33] This program allowed interested parties to place a $99 refundable deposit on the new fortwo in preparation for the product's launch. Since the product's launch, sales have surpassed production and the reservation program continues as a "wait list" program.[34][35] The average wait used to be 12 to 18 months for delivery; although due to the economy, many buyers couldn't purchase the vehicles when they were ready for delivery and many are available on dealer lots.[citation needed]

The Smart Fortwo was rated as the most fuel efficient two-seater car in the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) 2008 Fuel Economy Guide, with fuel efficiency ratings of 33 mpg‑US (7.1 L/100 km; 40 mpg‑imp) city and 41 mpg‑US (5.7 L/100 km; 49 mpg‑imp) highway.[36] The 2008 Smart Fortwo coupe was given an EPA fuel efficiency rating of 36 mpg‑US (6.5 L/100 km; 43 mpg‑imp) combined.[37]

On May 14, 2008, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety released crash test results for the fortwo. The IIHS gave the fortwo top ratings in protecting passengers in front and side crashes.[38] However, the NHTSA cited a Safety Concern on their tests of a 2008 fortwo, stating "during the side impact test, the driver door unlatched and opened. A door opening during a side impact crash increases the likelihood of occupant ejection." [39]

Chinese copy controversy

Main article: Shuanghuan Noble

In 2007, Chinese manufacturer Shijiazhuang Shuanghuan Automobile Co released the Shuanghuan Noble (also known as the Martin Motors Bubble), designed similarly to the Fortwo and prompting Daimler AG to sue Shuanghuan for copyright infringement.[40] The German manufacturer persuaded the Italian court to prohibit the Noble from being exhibited at the Bologna Motor Show, but importer Martin Motors violated that injunction and put the car on display.[41]

In May 2009, a Greek judge ruled against Daimler, allowing the Noble to be sold in Greece. The judge cited that "if a vehicle varies in its technical specification, then any external similarities are irrelevant." This was in reference to the Noble being a front-engine, front-wheel-drive car while the ForTwo is rear-engined and rear-wheel-drive.[42]

References

  1. ^ a b Farenc, Jacques (1998), Norris, Ian (ed.), "European Industry: Mergers and Acquisitions", Automobile Year, 46 (1998-99), Lausanne, Switzerland: Editions JR, J.-R. Piccard: 44–45, ISBN 978-2-88324-054-4
  2. ^ 'qwcdirect' (13 July 2010). "SMART FOURTWO". Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  3. ^ 'tampasmart' (4 November 2009). "Do you need smart 2.0 upgrade?". Smart Car of America Forums. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  4. ^ a b Abuelsamid, Sam (2007-09-11). "Frankfurt 2007: Smart ForTwo micro hybrid launches!". AutoblogGreen. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  5. ^ "Smart forfun2: The combination of two vehicles with cult status". Seriouswheels.com. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  6. ^ “”. "Video from Fifth Gear television program reviewing the forfun 2". Youtube.com. Retrieved 2010-10-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ "THE 37th TOKYO MOTOR SHOW". Tokyo-motorshow.com. Retrieved 2009-12-18.
  8. ^ Smart ForTwo page from jp.wikipedia.org
  9. ^ 2009 smart fortwo coupe Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
  10. ^ "IIHS-HLDI: Smart Fortwo". Iihs.org. Retrieved 2009-05-01.
  11. ^ "New crash tests demonstrate the influence of vehicle size and weight on safety in crashes; results are relevant to fuel economy policies". Iihs.org. 2009-04-19.
  12. ^ "Safercar.gov". Safercar.gov. Retrieved 2009-05-01. [dead link]
  13. ^ "For safer cars | Smart fortwo". Euro NCAP. Retrieved 2009-05-01.
  14. ^ "smart.com". smart.com. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  15. ^ ">> smart ed". Smart.com. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  16. ^ "smart EV". Zytek Automotive Technology. 27 September 2007. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
  17. ^ "DaimlerChrysler Confirms Launch of smart EV". Green Car Congress. 2006-07-13. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  18. ^ "smart fortwo 'ed' with local zero-emission electric drive | BenzInsider.com - A Mercedes-Benz Fan Blog". BenzInsider.com. 2007-09-12. Retrieved 2009-05-01.
  19. ^ "We Make You Smarter - People, Business & Technology". SmartPlanet. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  20. ^ "Fortwo EV: Smart car goes electric". Leftlanenews.com. 2010-08-11. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  21. ^ "The smart ev". Smart.com. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  22. ^ "Daimler to Begin Smart EV Testing in London". Green Car Congress. 2007-11-22. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  23. ^ John Reed (2007-11-22). "Daimler plans London tests for electric car". Financial Times. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  24. ^ Abuelsamid, Sam (2008-09-05). "Daimler announces deal with RWE, 500 Berlin charging points, lithium Smart". Autobloggreen.com. Retrieved 2009-05-01.
  25. ^ "smart goes into series production with second generation electric drive". Daimler AG. 20 August 2009. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
  26. ^ Korzeniewski, Jeremy (2008-10-23). "smart fortwo BRABUS coming to America". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  27. ^ 2009 Smart Fortwo Brabus
  28. ^ "smart Canada Introduces 2009 smart fortwo BRABUS at Montréal International Auto Show". Newswire.ca. 2010-07-30. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  29. ^ Smart online reservation
  30. ^ BLOOMFIELD HILLS, MI (April 2, 2007) – smart USA, a subsidiary of United Auto Group, Inc, (NYSE:UAG), has launched its smart fortwo reservation system. The smart fortwo is expected to go on sale in the United States in the first quarter 2008 through a dealership network being developed by smart USA, the exclusive distributor of the smart fortwo in the United States and Puerto Rico.
  31. ^ "2009 Smart fortwo". Automotive.com. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  32. ^ "SmartUSA website". Smartusa.com. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  33. ^ "Reserve your Smart forTwo for $99". Egmcartech.com. 2007-02-05. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  34. ^ "How smart is the Smart car?". Kare11.com. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  35. ^ POSTED: 5:04 pm CST January 22, 2008 (2008-01-22). "Smart Fortwo Car Rolls Into KC". Kmbc.com. Retrieved 2010-10-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  36. ^ http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/FEG2008.pdf
  37. ^ "Model 1 Vehicle Characteristics". Fueleconomy.gov. 2006-09-10. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  38. ^ "IIHS news release". Iihs.org. 2008-05-14. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  39. ^ "NHTSA Website". Safercar.gov. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
  40. ^ Autoblog.com - Mercedes Tries to Burst Shuanghuan's Tiny Bubble, Gives Up
  41. ^ Autoblog.com - Good Idea? Smart Clone Importers Violate Court Injunction at Bologna Motor Show
  42. ^ Gasgoo - Greek Court Rules Against Daimler on China SUV
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