Squirrel (programming language)
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|
Paradigm | Multi-paradigm: scripting, imperative, functional, object-oriented |
---|---|
Designed by | Alberto Demichelis |
First appeared | September 6, 2003 |
Stable release | 3.2[1] ![]() |
Typing discipline | Dynamic |
OS | Cross-platform |
License | MIT license |
Filename extensions | .nut |
Website | squirrel-lang |
Influenced by | |
C++, JavaScript, Lua, Python | |
Influenced | |
MiniD |
Squirrel is a high level imperative, object-oriented programming language, designed to be a lightweight scripting language that fits in the size, memory bandwidth, and real-time requirements of applications like video games.
MirthKit, a simple toolkit for making and distributing open source, cross-platform 2D games, uses Squirrel for its platform.[2] It is used extensively by Code::Blocks for scripting and was also used in Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: My Life as a King.[3][4] It is also used in Left 4 Dead 2, Portal 2 and Thimbleweed Park for scripted events and in NewDark, an unofficial Thief 2: The Metal Age engine update, to facilitate additional, simplified means of scripting mission events, aside of the regular C scripting.[5]
Language features
[edit]- Dynamic typing
- Delegation
- Classes, inheritance
- Higher order functions
- Generators
- Cooperative threads (coroutines)
- Tail recursion
- Exception handling
- Automatic memory management (mainly reference counting with backup garbage collector)
- Weak references
- Both compiler and virtual machine fit together in about 7k lines of C++ code
- Optional 16-bit character strings
Syntax
[edit]Squirrel uses a C-like syntax.
- Factorial in Squirrel
function factorial(x)
{
if (x <= 1) {
return 1;
}
else {
return x * factorial(x-1);
}
}
- Generators
function not_a_random_number_generator(max) {
local last = 42;
local IM = 139968;
local IA = 3877;
local IC = 29573;
for(;;) { // loops forever
yield (max * (last = (last * IA + IC) % IM) / IM);
}
}
local randtor = not_a_random_number_generator(100);
for(local i = 0; i < 10; i += 1)
print(">"+resume randtor+"\n");
- Classes and inheritance
class BaseVector {
constructor(...)
{
if(vargv.len() >= 3) {
x = vargv[0];
y = vargv[1];
z = vargv[2];
}
}
x = 0;
y = 0;
z = 0;
}
class Vector3 extends BaseVector {
function _add(other)
{
if(other instanceof ::Vector3)
return ::Vector3(x+other.x,y+other.y,z+other.z);
else
throw "wrong parameter";
}
function Print()
{
::print(x+","+y+","+z+"\n");
}
}
local v0 = Vector3(1,2,3)
local v1 = Vector3(11,12,13)
local v2 = v0 + v1;
v2.Print();
Applications
[edit]Applications using Squirrel
[edit]- Code::Blocks, integrated development environment
- Enduro/X, cluster application server
- Electric Imp, an end-to-end IoT platform[6]
Games using Squirrel
[edit]- Alien Swarm[7]
- Antinomy of Common Flowers[8]
- Apex Legends[9]
- Battle Brothers
- Contagion[7]
- Counter Strike: Global Offensive[7]
- CRSED: F.O.A.D.
- Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: My Life as a King[3]
- GTA IV's IV-MP[10]
- Left 4 Dead 2[7]
- Liberty Unleashed[11]
- Mafia II's M2-Multiplayer[12]
- Melty Blood: Type Lumina[13]
- Nuclear Dawn[7]
- OpenTTD[14]
- Portal 2[7]
- Shadow Warrior
- Simutrans[15]
- Sonic Unleashed (PS2/Wii)[16]
- SuperTux
- Team Fortress 2[7]
- Thimbleweed Park[17]
- Thief II (unofficial NewDark engine update)[18]
- Titanfall[7]
- Vice City Multiplayer,[19] a mod for Grand Theft Auto: Vice City[20]
- Under Night In-Birth[21]
- War Thunder
- Zero no Tsukaima - Maigo no Period to Ikusen no Symphony (PS2)
- Zero no Tsukaima - Muma ga Tsumugu Yokaze no Nocturne (PS2)
- Zero no Tsukaima - Shou-akuma to Harukaze no Concerto (PS2)
History
[edit]The language was made public in 2003 under the zlib/libpng license.[22] In November 2010, the license was changed to the MIT license to enable the project to be hosted on Google Code.[23][24] It is developed and maintained by Alberto Demichelis.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "squirrel/HISTORY at master - albertodemichelis/squirrel - GitHub".
- ^ MirthKit Developer Wiki Archived 2014-02-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Brandon Boyer (21 February 2008). "Gamasutra - GDC 2008 Event Coverage". gamasutra.com. Gamasutra.
- ^ "Exclusive: Behind The Scenes of Final Fantasy's WiiWare Debut". gamasutra.com. Gamasutra. 23 June 2008. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
- ^ "L4D2 Vscripts - Valve Developer Community". developer.valvesoftware.com. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
- ^ "Electric Imp programming guide". electricimp.com.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "VScript". valvesoftware.com. 2014-08-20. Retrieved 2015-01-17.
- ^ "th155-decomp". GitHub. Retrieved 2020-10-19.
- ^ "WHAT in the hell, is consumable nut? Please help this is an error code I got, have any of you got this before?". reddit.com. 2019-03-24. Retrieved 2021-09-04.
- ^ "iv-multiplayer.com". www.iv-multiplayer.com. Archived from the original on 2012-06-07. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
- ^ "Liberty Unleashed". Retrieved 2019-12-04.
- ^ "m2-multiplayer.com". www.m2-multiplayer.com. Archived from the original on 2013-01-02. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
- ^ "undernightinbirth". GitHub. Retrieved 2024-08-18.
- ^ "AI:Main Page - OpenTTD". wiki.openttd.org. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
- ^ "Simutrans-Squirrel-API: Main Page". dwachs.github.io. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
- ^ "The VG Resource Wiki". wiki.vg-resource.com. Retrieved 2021-09-04.
- ^ "Thimbleweed Park Blog- Engine". blog.thimbleweedpark.com. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
- ^ "NewDark 1.25: Squirrel script?". ttlg.com. 2017-03-20. Retrieved 2019-12-25.
- ^ Vice City Multiplayer
- ^ "Welcome To VC-MP website!". Archived from the original on 2006-04-05. Retrieved 2014-05-04.
- ^ "undernightinbirth". GitHub. Retrieved 2024-08-18.
- ^ "The Squirrel programming language". SourceForge. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
- ^ "Moving to code.google.com and MIT License - The Language - Squirrel - The Programming Language". forum.squirrel-lang.org. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
- ^ "Google Code Archive - Long-term storage for Google Code Project Hosting". code.google.com. Retrieved 2018-07-06.