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Timeline of Herat

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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Herat, Afghanistan.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 15th century

Part of a series on the
History of Afghanistan
Timeline
Ancient
Indus Valley civilisation 2200–1800 BC
Oxus civilization 2100–1800 BC
Gandhara kingdom 1500–535 BC
Median Empire 728–550 BC
Achaemenid Empire 550–330 BC
Macedonian Empire 330–312 BC
Seleucid Empire 312–150 BC
Maurya Empire 305–180 BC
Greco-Bactrian kingdom 256–125 BC
Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD
Indo-Greek kingdom 180–90 BC
Indo-Scythian kingdom 155–80? BC
Kushan Empire 135 BC – 248 AD
Indo-Parthian kingdom 20 BC – 50? AD
Sasanian Empire 230–651
Kidarite kingdom 320–465
Rob
Alchon Huns 380–560
Hephthalite Empire 410–557
Nezak Huns 484–711
Medieval
Kabul Shahi 565–879
Principality of Chaghaniyan 7th–8th centuries
Rashidun Caliphate 652–661
Tang China 660–669
Tibetan Empire 660–842
Umayyads 661–750
Zunbils 680–870
Lawik750-977
Abbasids 750–821
Tahirids 821–873
Saffarids 863–900
Samanids 875–999
Ghaznavids 963–1187
Ghurids before 879–1215
Seljuks 1037–1194
Khwarezmids 1215–1231
Mongol Invasion 1219–1226
Chagatai Khanate 1226–1245
Qarlughids 1224–1266
Ilkhanate 1256–1335
Kartids 1245–1381
Timurids 1370–1507
Arghuns 1520–1591
Modern
Mughals 1501–1738
Safavids 1510–1709
Kunduz Khanate ?–1859
Hotak dynasty 1709–1738
Sadozai Sultanate 1716–1732
Afsharid Iran 1738–1747
Durrani Empire 1747–1823
Maimana Khanate 1747–1892
Herat 1793–1863
Principality of Qandahar1818–1855
Emirate 1823–1926
Saqqawist Emirate 1929
Kingdom 1926–1973
Daoud coup 1973
Republic 1973–1978
Saur Revolution 1978
Democratic Republic 1978–1992
Tanai coup attempt 1990
Islamic State 1992–1996
Islamic Emirate 1996–2001
US invasion 2001
Islamic State (reinstated) 2001
Interim/Transitional Administration 2001–2004
Islamic Republic (politics) 2004–2021
Islamic Emirate (reinstated) since 2021
Related historical regions
Related topics
  • 500 BCE - Persian town in Aria established (approximate date).[1]
  • 330 BCE - Artacoana captured by Alexander III of Macedon.[1]
  • 167 BCE - Town becomes part of the Parthian Empire.
  • 127 BCE - Town becomes part of the Kushan Empire
  • 642 CE - Siege of Herat; Arabs in power.
  • 1042 - City besieged by Seljuq Tughril.[2]
  • 1064 - Alp Arslan in power.[2]
  • 1102 - Earthquake.[3]
  • 1163 - Bobrinski Bucket produced in Herat.[4]
  • 1175 - Ghurids in power.[1]
  • 1197 - Conflict between blacksmiths' and coppersmiths' bazaars.[2]
  • 1201 - Construction of new Friday Mosque begins.[3]
  • 1221 - City sacked by Mongols.[5]
  • 1244 - Shams al-Din Kurt in power.[5]
  • 1300 - Herat Citadel reinforced.
  • 1364 - Earthquake.[3]
  • 1380 - City taken by forces of Timur.[5]

    • 15th-19th centuries

    20th century

    21st century

    • 2010 - Population: 410,700.[15]

    See also

    References

    1. ^ a b c "City of Herat". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
    2. ^ a b c Jurgen Paul (2000). "The Histories of Herat". Iranian Studies. 33: 93–115. doi:10.1080/00210860008701977.
    3. ^ a b c d Lisa Golombek (1983). "The Resilience of the Friday Mosque: The Case of Herat". Muqarnas. 1.
    4. ^ a b c d e f "Herat". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009.
    5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Herat". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 9004153888.
    6. ^ Richard N. Frye (1948). "Two Timurid Monuments in Herat". Artibus Asiae. 11.
    7. ^ Maria Eva Subtelny (1991). "A Timurid Educational and Charitable Foundation: The Ikhlāṣiyya Complex of Ali Shir Navai in 15th-Century Herat and Its Endowment". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 111.
    8. ^ a b c d e f g h Edward Balfour (1885), "Herat", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
    9. ^ Mikhail Volodarsky (1985). "Persia's Foreign Policy between the Two Herat Crises, 1831-56". Middle Eastern Studies. 21.
    10. ^ C.E. Stewart (1886). "The Herat Valley and the Persian Border, from the Hari-Rud to Sistan". Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography. 8.
    11. ^ Hippisley Cunliffe Marsh (1876–1877). "Description of a Journey Overland to India, via Meshed, Herat, Candahar and the Bolan Pass, in the Year 1872". Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London. 21.
    12. ^ John Baily (1976). "Recent Changes in the Dutār of هرات". Asian Music. 8. Society for Asian Music.
    13. ^ Rafi Samizay (1989). "Herat: Pearl of Khurasan". Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre (1–2).
    14. ^ a b Olivier Tirard-Collet (1998). "After the War: the Condition of Historical Buildings and Monuments in Herat, Afghanistan". Iran. 36.
    15. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2013.

    This article incorporates information from the Russian Wikipedia.

    Further reading

    Published in the 19th century
    • Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Herat", New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
    • Munshi Mohun Lal (1834). "Brief Description of Herat". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
    • Narcisse Perrin (1842), "Hérat", L'Afghanistan (in French), Paris: Bertrand {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
    • J.P. Ferrier (1857), "(Herat)", Caravan journeys and wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan, Translated by W. Jesse (2nd ed.), London: J. Murray {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
    • Muhammad Isfizari (1861–63). Extraits de la chronique persane d'Herat (in French). Translated by Barbier de Meynard. Paris: Imprimerie impériale. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
    • George Bruce Malleson (1880). Herat: the granary and garden of Central Asia. W.H. Allen & Co.
    • Charles Edward Yate (1888), "Herat and its Antiquities", Northern Afghanistan, Edinburgh: W. Blackwood & Sons {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
    • "Herat". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1896. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
    Published in the 20th century
    • "Herat", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
    • Sayfi Harawi (1944). M.S. Siddiqi (ed.). Tarikh-nama-yi Harat (in Persian). Calcutta.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
    • A. Lezine (1963). "Herat, notes de voyage". Bulletin d'Etudes Orientales (in French). 18.
    • Nancy H. Wolfe (1966). Herat, a pictorial guide.
    • Paul English (1973). "The Traditional City of Herat, Afghanistan". In L.C. Brown (ed.). From Medina to Metropolis. Princeton: Darwin Press.
    • D. Brandenburg (1977). Herat: eine timuridische Hauptstadt (in German). Graz.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
    • A.W. Najimi (1988). Herat, the Islamic City: A Study in Urban Conservation. London.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
    • Felicia J. Hecker (1993). "A Fifteenth-Century Chinese Diplomat in Herat". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 3.
    Published in the 21st century
    • Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006). "Herat". Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
    • Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Herat", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
    Wikimedia Commons has media related to Herat.
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