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Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020

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Novel coronavirus in Mainland China
Wuhan (until 01-20)[1]Hubei (from 01-20)[2]National (from 01-20)[3]
Date
CST		 Cases Deaths Cured Quarantine Source
Suspected Confirmed Quarantined Released Cumulative
2019.12.31 27 [4]
2020.01.03 44 121 [5]
2020.01.05 59 163 [6]
2020.01.10 41 1 [7]
2020.01.11 41 1 717 46 763 [8]
2020.01.12 41 1 687 76 763 [9]
2020.01.13 41 1 576 187 763 [10]
2020.01.15 2 7 119 644 763 [11]
2020.01.16 45 12 98 665 763 [12]
2020.01.17 62 2 15 82 681 763 [13]
2020.01.18 121 19
2020.01.19 198 3 25 90 727 817 [14]
2020.01.20 54 291 6 25 922 817 1,739 [15][16]
2020.01.21 37 440 9 1,394 765 2,159 [17]
2020.01.22 257 571 17 4,928 969 5,897 [18]
2020.01.23 1,072 830 25 8,420 1,087 9,507 [19]
2020.01.24 1,965 1,287 41 38 13,967 1,230 15,197 [20]
2020.01.25 1440 42
Novel coronavirus in Wuhan
Novel coronavirus in Mainland China
Date when first case in province was reported:
  11 Jan 2020
  20 Jan 2020
  21 Jan 2020
  22 Jan 2020
  23 Jan 2020
Novel coronavirus cases globally

This article documents the chronology and epidemiology of the Novel coronavirus responsible for the 2019-20 outbreak in Wuhan, China, and may not include all the contemporary major responses and measures. Furthermore some developments may become known or fully understood only in retrospect.

Chronology

30–31 December 2019

On 30 December 2019, an "urgent notice on the treatment of pneumonia of unknown cause" was issued by the Medical Administration and Medical Administration of Wuhan Municipal Health Committee.[21][22]

27 people with pneumonia of unknown cause were reported to the WHO on 31 December. Most were stallholders from the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, seven of whom were in critical condition. The Wuhan Municipal Health Commission also made a public announcement regarding the situation.[23] Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan immediately tightened their inbound screening processes as a result.[24][25]

1–3 January 2020

Huanan Seafood Market, the source of the initial pneumonia cases, was closed on 1 January 2020 for cleaning and disinfection.[24]

On 3 January 2020, Thailand began screening passengers arriving from Wuhan at four different airports.[26][27][28] Singapore began screening passengers at Changi Airport on the same day.[29]

5–6 January

On 5 January, early investigations into the cause of the pneumonia ruled out seasonal flu, SARS, MERS and bird flu.[30][31] The number of suspected cases reached 59 with seven in a critical condition. All were quarantined and 163 contacts commenced monitoring. At this time, there were no reported cases of human-to-human transmission or presentations in healthcare workers.[32][33]

On January 6, Wuhan's city Lianghui started. City representatives met until its closure on January 9.[34]

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a travel watch at Level 1 ("Practice usual precautions") on 6 January, with recommendations on washing hands and more specifically advising avoiding animals, animal markets, and contact with unwell people if traveling to Wuhan.[31][32]

9 January

The WHO confirmed that a novel coronavirus had been isolated from one person who was hospitalised.[35][36] On the same day, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control posted its first risk assessment.[37] The WHO also reported that Chinese authorities had acted swiftly,[35] identifying the novel coronavirus within weeks of the onset of the outbreak, with the total number of positively tested people being 41.[38] The first death from the virus occurred in a 61-year-old man who was a regular customer at the market. He had several significant medical conditions, including chronic liver disease, and died from heart failure and pneumonia. The incident was reported in China by the health commission via Chinese state media on 11 January.[39][40][41][42]

10 January

The gene sequencing data of the isolated Wuhan coronavirus, a virus from the same family as the SARS coronavirus, was posted on Virological.org by researchers from Fudan University, Shanghai. A further three sequences from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, one from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and one from Jinyintan Hospital in Wuhan were posted to the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) portal.[26][39][43][44] The same day, Public Health England issued its guidance.[37]

11-12 January

In China, more than 700 close contacts of the 41 confirmed cases, including more than 400 healthcare workers, had been monitored, with no new cases reported in China since 5 January.[31][32][39][45] The WHO published initial guidance on travel advice, testing in the laboratory and medical investigation.[39]

On January 12, Hubei's provincial Lianghui started. Representatives from all over the province met in Wuhan until January 18.[46]

13 January

The CDC announced that the genome had been posted on the NIH genetic sequence database, GenBank.[47] On the same day, Thailand witnessed the first confirmed case of 2019-nCoV, the first outside China.[48] The affected 61-year-old Chinese woman, who is a resident of Wuhan, had not visited the Huanan Seafood Market, but was noted to have been to other markets. She had arrived in Bangkok on 8 January.[49]

14–15 January

On 14 January, two of the 41 confirmed cases in Wuhan were reported to include a married couple, raising the possibility of human-to-human transmission.[49][50]

A second death occurred in a 69 year old man in China on 15 January.[51][52] The WHO published a protocol on diagnostic testing for 2019-nCoV, developed by a virology team from Charité Hospital.[51]

16–17 January

On 16 January, the WHO was alerted by Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare that a 30-year-old male Chinese national had tested positive to 2019-nCoV during a hospital stay between 10 and 15 January. He had not visited the Huanan Seafood Market, but possibly had close contact with an affected person in Wuhan.[53][54]

On 17 January, Thailand's second confirmed case was reported in a 74 year old woman who arrived in Bangkok on a flight from Wuhan.[55][56] The number of laboratory-confirmed cases rose to 45 in China.[57]

18–19 January

On 18 January, China reported 17 additional laboratory-confirmed cases, with three cases in critical condition. The number of laboratory-confirmed cases rose to 62 in China, with the ages ranging from 30 to 79, of which 19 were discharged and eight remain critical.[58]

On the same day, the Wuhan government organised an annual meetup of forty thousand families. They shared meals and ate together.[59]

On 19 January, the first confirmed cases were reported in China, outside Wuhan, one in the southern province of Guangdong and two in Beijing.[60] Wuhan reported 136 additional laboratory-confirmed cases, bringing the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases in China to 201. A new death was also reported in Wuhan, bringing the total number of fatalities in China to three.[61][62]

20 January

First confirmed case reported in South Korea.[63] Beijing and Guangdong reported an additional three and thirteen laboratory-confirmed cases respectively. Shanghai confirms its first case, bringing the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases in China to 218.[64][65] The investigation team from China's National Health Commission confirmed that the coronavirus can be transmitted between humans. At least two people had become infected whilst living hundreds of miles from Wuhan.[66]

21 January

The World Health Organization announced that it would hold an emergency meeting on the virus the following day to determine if the virus is a "public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC)".[67]

Confirmed cases were reported in several new locations in China. Zhejiang province and Tianjin reported five and two laboratory-confirmed cases respectively.[68][69] Guangdong reported 3 additional laboratory-confirmed cases.[70] Shanghai and Henan province reported an additional four and one laboratory-confirmed cases respectively.[71] One laboratory-confirmed case was reported in Sichuan province, and Chongqing reported 5 laboratory-confirmed cases.[72][73] Shandong, Hunan and Yunnan all reported one laboratory-confirmed case each.[74][75][76] Jiangxi reported 2 laboratory-confirmed cases.[77] The total number of laboratory-confirmed cases in China increased to 312 and the death toll increased to six.[73][78][79]

15 Wuhan medical staff infections were reported, of which 14 were from a suspected super-spreader.[80][81]

New cases were also reported outside of mainland China. Taiwan reported its first laboratory-confirmed case,[82] and the United States reported its first laboratory-confirmed case in the state of Washington, the first in North America.[83][84]

22 January

WHO's emergency committee was unable to reach a consensus on whether the outbreak should be classified as PHEIC due to lack of information. The committee will resume discussion the next day.[85]

New cases: Macau and Hong Kong report their first laboratory-confirmed cases,[86][87] with Hong Kong reporting its second on the evening of 22 January 2020.[88] Beijing reports an additional 5 laboratory-confirmed cases, while Guangdong reports an additional 9 laboratory-confirmed cases. Shanghai reports an additional 5 laboratory-confirmed cases, while Tianjin reports an additional 2 laboratory-confirmed cases. Zhejiang and Jiangxi report an additional 5 and 1 laboratory-confirmed cases respectively.[89] Liaoning reports its first 2 laboratory-confirmed cases.[90] Guizhou, Fujian, Anhui, Shanxi and Ningxia report one laboratory-confirmed case each.[91][92][93][94][95] Hainan reports 4 laboratory-confirmed cases.[96] Hunan reports 3 additional laboratory-confirmed cases.[97] Guangxi reports 2 laboratory-confirmed cases.[98] In all, the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases in China increased to 571 and the death toll to 17.

In response, the government announced a quarantine until further notice, cancelling outgoing flights and trains from Wuhan, and suspending public transportation in Wuhan, effective 10:00 (02:00 UTC, UTC+08:00) on 23 January.[99] However, statistics compiled by the Chinese Railway Administration showed that on the same day approximately 100,000 people had already departed from Wuhan Train Station by the deadline.[100] Furthermore, many Wuhan residents bypassed the checkpoints by taking antipyretics, having seen tips shared on Weibo.[100]

Internationally, 2 more laboratory-confirmed cases were reported in Thailand, raising the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases in Thailand to 4.[101]

New data showed indications of the current rapid spread of the disease and an increase in the rate of transmission.[102][103]

23 January

New cases: Jiangsu reports its first laboratory-confirmed case.[104] Heilongjiang reports its first 2 laboratory-confirmed cases.[105] Both Fujian and Guangxi report an additional 3 laboratory-confirmed cases each.[106][107] Shanghai reports an additional 7 laboratory-confirmed cases.[108] Xinjiang reports 2 laboratory-confirmed cases.[109] Shaanxi reports 3 laboratory-confirmed cases.[110] Gansu reports 2 laboratory-confirmed cases.[111] Macau also reports its second laboratory-confirmed case, another 66-year old man from Wuhan.[112] In all, the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases in mainland China increased to 628 while the death toll remained at 17.

Singapore reports its first laboratory-confirmed case, a 66-year-old man from China.[113] Vietnam confirms its first two laboratory-confirmed cases, a 66-year-old father and 28-year-old son from China.[114]

Wuhan suspended all public transportation from 10 a.m. onwards, including all bus, metro and ferry lines. Additionally, all outbound trains and flights were halted.[115] In Wuhan, construction began near midnight for a specialist emergency hospital, modelled after the Xiaotangshan Hospital during the 2003 SARS outbreak in Beijing, after it was proposed earlier in the afternoon. The new Huoshenshan Hospital is expected to open by 3 February with a capacity of at least 1,000 beds.[116]

The three provinces of Zhejiang,[117] Guangdong,[118] and Hunan[119] declared a level 1 public health emergency (the highest possible) in chronological order.[120]

The release of all seven major films for the Lunar New Year was practically cancelled.[121] In an example of black humor, Plague, Inc., which had been released eight years ago, surged to become the most popular app in China.[122]

24 January

The 7 provinces, 2 autonomous regions, and all 4 municipalities of Hubei,[123] Anhui,[124] Tianjin,[125] Beijing,[126] Shanghai,[127] Chongqing,[128] Sichuan,[129] Jiangxi,[130], Yunnan[131], Shandong[132], Fujian[133], Guangxi[134], and Hebei[135] declare a level 1 public health emergency, in chronological order.[136] The city of Jingzhou was quarantined, raising the number of people in quarantined cities to 35 million.[137]

Shandong reports 6 additional laboratory-confirmed cases.[138] Hunan reports 15 additional laboratory-confirmed cases.[139] Liaoning reports 1 additional laboratory-confirmed case.[140] Fujian reports 4 additional laboratory-confirmed cases.[141] Anhui reports 6 additional laboratory-confirmed cases.[142] Ningxia reports 1 additional laboratory-confirmed case.[143] Shanghai reports 13 additional laboratory-confirmed cases, bringing the total up to 33.[144]

Japan, South Korea, and the United States all confirmed their second cases.[145][146][147] Singapore confirmed its second and third cases.[148] Thailand confirmed its fifth case.[149] Hong Kong[150] confirmed three additional cases, bringing the total number to five. Nepal confirmed its first case, a student who returned from Wuhan.[151]

France reported its first three confirmed cases, the first occurrences in the EU.[152][153][154] The French Health Minister Agnès Buzyn stated that it is likely other cases would arise in the country.[155]

The first confirmed incidence of human to human transmission outside of China was documented by the WHO in Vietnam.[156]

All 70,000 Chinese cinemas close until further notice.[157] Multiple tourist sites across China close until further notice, including Mount Wutai,[158] Pingyao, Yanmen Pass,[159] Xuanwu Lake, Qixia Mountain, Nanking Massacre Museum, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Canton Tower, Gulangyu,[160] Yu Garden,[161] Shanghai Disneyland,[162] West Lake, and Forbidden City.[163] Citing the coronavirus outbreak, Starbucks and McDonalds suspend some operations in China.[164]

The Beijing and Shanghai governments have "urged residents returning from coronavirus outbreak areas to stay at home for 14 days to prevent its spread."[165]

25 January

Level 1 health emergency is declared in the 10 provinces and 3 autonomous regions of Jiangsu,[166] Hainan,[167] Xinjiang,[168] Heilongjiang,[169] Henan,[170] Gansu,[171] Liaoning,[172] Shanxi,[173] Shaanxi,[174] Qinghai,[175] Jilin,[176] Ningxia,[177] and Inner Mongolia,[178] in chronological order. It is now in effect in all 30 of the 31 provincial-level divisions in mainland China with cases reported, the exception being Tibet.

Australia confirms its first four cases, one in Victoria[179] and three in New South Wales.[180][181] Malaysia reports its first three cases in Johor Bahru.[182][183]

A 62-year-old doctor reportedly died in the Hubei province at 7:00 AM from the coronavirus.[184]

China's National Health Commission is sending 1,230 medical staff in six groups to Wuhan City, central China's Hubei Province, to combat the novel coronavirus outbreak in the region. Three of the six groups have begun their work in the virus-hit area. Local media earlier reported that 450 military medical personnel have also landed in the city to offer support.[185] Wuhan announces building a second emergency specialty hospital, named Leishenshan Hospital, with a planned capacity of 1,300 beds, to be in use in half a month.[186]

The United States announces plans to evacuate US citizens out of Wuhan by charter jet.[187]

Beijing announced it will halt all inter-city bus shuttle services starting January 26. [188]

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