Timeline of women in aviation
This is a timeline of women in aviation which describes many of the firsts and achievements of women as pilots and other roles in aviation. Women who are part of this list have piloted vehicles, including hot-air balloons, gliders, airplanes, dirigibles and helicopters. Some women have been instrumental in support roles. Others have made a name for themselves as parachutists and other forms of flight-related activities. This list encompasses women's achievements from around the globe.
Eighteenth century
1784
- June 4: Marie Élisabeth Thible of France becomes the first woman to fly in a hot-air balloon.[1]
1798
- Jeanne Labrosse in France becomes the first woman to pilot any aircraft solo.[1]
1799
Nineteenth century
1810
- Sophie Blanchard becomes Napoleon's chief of air service.[2]
Twentieth century
1903
- Aida de Acosta of the United States the first woman to pilot a motorized aircraft (a dirigible) solo.[1]
1908
- July 8: Therese Peltier of France flies with Leon Delagrange and becomes the first woman passenger on an aircraft.[3]
- October 7: Edith O. Berg, business manager in Europe for the Wright Brothers becomes the first American woman to fly as a passenger.[4]
1909
- Marie Marvingt of France is the first woman to fly over the North Sea.[1]
- Katharine Wright, the sister, and provider of financial and moral support for the Wright Brothers, flies with her brothers in France during airplane demonstrations.[5]
- Raymonde de Loroche of France is the first woman to pilot a solo flight.[5]
- June 16: La Stella, the first aero club for women, opens in Saint-Cloud near Paris[6][7]
1910
- March 8: Raymonde de Loroche of France becomes the first woman to earn a pilot's license.[8]
- September 2: Blanche Scott is the first American woman to fly an airplane solo.[4]
- September 16: Bessica Raiche flies an airplane solo built by herself and her husband.[5]
- November: The first airplane designed by a woman, E. Lillian Todd, is flown.[9]
- November 25: Hélène Dutrieu becomes the first Belgian woman to earn a pilot's license.[8]
- Dutrieu is the first woman in the world to fly with a passenger.[1]
- Hilda Hewlett and Gustave Blondeau open the first flying school in England, the Hewlett-Blondeau School.[10]
1911
- Hélène Dutrieu is the first woman to win an air race.[1]
- August 1:[8] Harriet Quimby becomes the first United States woman to earn a pilot's license.[4]
- August 10: Lydia Zvereva is the first Russian woman to earn a pilot's license.[8]
- August 29: Hilda Hewlett becomes the first English woman to earn a pilot's license.[8] She later becomes the first woman to teach her child to fly in the same year.[1]
- September 13: Amelie Beese becomes the first German woman with a pilot's license.[8]
- October 6: Beatrix de Rijk is the first Dutch woman to earn a pilot's license.[8]
- October 10: Božena Laglerová is the first Czech woman to earn her pilot's license.[8]
- November 19: Lyubov Golanchikova becomes the first Estonian woman to earn a pilot's license.[8]
1912
- Amelie Beese is the first woman to patent an aircraft design.[1]
- Hélène Dutrieu is the first woman to pilot a seaplane.[1]
- April 16: Quimby is the first woman to fly across the English Channel.[4]
- August 15: Lilly Steinschneider becomes the first Hungarian woman to earn a pilot's license.[8]
1913
- Katherine Stinson and her mother start the Stinson Aviation Company and are the first women to own a flying school.[5] Stinson also becomes the first commissioned woman airmail pilot and first woman to do night skywriting in the same year.[1]
- Ruth Law is the first woman to fly at night.[5]
- January 3: Rosina Ferrario is the first Italian woman to earn her pilot's license.[8]
- June 21, 1913: Georgia "Tiny" Broadwick is the first woman to jump from an aircraft, dropping from 2,000 feet in Los Angeles.[11]
- December 1, Lyubov Golanchikova became the first test pilot.[12]
1914
- 1914: Lidia Zvereva is the first woman to perform an aerobatic maneuver (a loop).[1]
- February 6: Elena Caragiani-Stoenescu becomes the first Romanian woman to earn a pilot's license.[8]
- June 6: Else Haugk is the first Swiss woman to earn a pilot's license.[8]
- October 1: Amalia Celia Figueredo becomes the first woman in Argentina to earn a pilot's license.[8]
1915
- Marie Marving of France is the first woman to fly in combat.[1]
1921
- Bessie Coleman is the first African American to earn a pilot's license.[13]
- Adrienne Bolland becomes the first woman to fly over the Andes.[1]
1922
- Teresa de Marzo is the first Brazilian woman to earn a pilot's license.[8]
- Tadashi Hyodo becomes the first Japanese woman to earn a pilot's license.[8]
1925
- Kwon Ki-ok is the first Korean woman to earn a pilot's license.[8]
- Gladys Sandford becomes the first woman in New Zealand to earn her pilot's license.[8]
1926
- Millicent Bryant is the first Australian woman to earn a pilot's license.[8]
1927
- Marga von Etzdorf of Germany is the first woman to fly for an airline.[1]
- Millicent Bryant is the first Australian woman to earn a pilot's license.[14]
1928
- Mary Bailey of England is the first woman to fly solo from England to South Africa.[1]
- Eileen Vollick is the first Canadian woman to earn her pilot's license.[8]
- Maria Bernaldo de Quiros becomes the first woman from Spain to earn a pilot's license.[8]
1929
- The Federation Aeronautique Internationale creates a new category for records set by women pilots.[15]
- Florence Lowe "Pancho" Barnes becomes the first stunt pilot, working in Hollywood.[1]
- Phyllis Arnott is the first Australian woman to earn a Commercial Pilot's License, however, she only flew for pleasure.[16]
- March 16: Louise Thaden does the women's endurance record with a time of 22 hours and 3 minutes.[17]
- August 18: First Women's Air Derby is held in the United States. Louise Thaden was the winner.[18]
- November 2: The Ninety Nines were founded to create a group to support and mentor women in aviation.[19]
1930
- Amy Johnson is the first woman pilot to fly from England to Australia.[1]
- Elinor Smith and Evelyn Trout of the US are the first women to refuel a plane in flight.[1]
- Mary Riddle becomes the first Native American to earn a pilot's license. She was a member of the Clatsop and Quinault Tribes.[20]
- Ellen Church convinced Boeing Air Transport to hire the first flight attendants, herself and 7 other women who were required to be nurses, unmarried and weigh under 115 pounds.[21][22]
1931
- Anne Morrow Lindbergh becomes the first US woman to earn a glider pilot's license.[4]
- Marga von Etzdorf is the first woman to fly over Siberia.[1]
1932
- Ruthy Tu is the first Chinese woman to earn a pilot's license.[8]
- Amelia Earhart is the first woman pilot to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.[1]
- Maude Bonney becomes the first woman to do a round-Australia flight.[23]
1933
- Bedriye Tahir Gökmen is the first Turkish woman to earn her pilot's license.[8]
- Loftia Al Nadi becomes the first woman in Egypt to earn a pilot's license.[8]
- Maryse Hilsz of France is the first woman pilot to fly from Beijing to Paris.[1]
- Fay Gillis Wells is the first American woman to fly a Soviet-made airplane.[24]
1934
- Marie Marvingt is the first woman to run a civil air ambulance service.[1]
- Marina Mikhailovna Raskova of Russia is the first woman to instruct at a military flight academy.[1]
- Jean Batten of New Zealand is the first woman to do the "England to Australia" round trip.[1]
- Maryse Hilsz of France is the first woman to do the "Paris to Tokyo" round trip.[1]
- December 31: Helen Richey becomes the first women to pilot a commercial airliner.[25] She later resigns because she is not allowed into the all-male pilot's union and rarely allowed to fly.[26]
- Maude Bonney is the first woman awarded a Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE) award for her "contribution to aviation."[23]
1935
- Marie Marving becomes the first person to "practice aviation para-medicine."[1]
- Amelia Earhart is the first woman to fly a solo round-trip from Hawaii to the continental US.[1]
- Nancy Bird Walton is the first Australian woman to hold a license to allow her to carry passengers.[14]
1936
- Sarla Thakral becomes the first Indian woman to earn her pilot's license.[8]
- Beryl Markham from England is the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean from east to west.[1]
1937
- Willa Brown is the first African American woman to earn her pilot's license in the United States.[27]
- Sabiha Gökçen of Turkey is the first woman combat pilot.[1]
- Hanna Reitsch of Germany is the first woman to earn a helicopter license.[1]
- Maude Bonney is the first woman to fly solo from Australia to South Africa.[23]
1939
- Ruth Nichols founds Relief Wings to "coordinate private aircraft for emergency and disaster relief."[5]
1940
- Effat Tejaratchi becomes the first Iranian woman to earn her pilot's license.[8]
1941
- Oct 8: Joseph Stalin creates 3 regiments of women pilots for the Soviet Union military, one of which is later called the Night Witches.[28]
- Jacqueline Cochran of the United States is the first woman to fly a bomber across the North Atlantic.[1]
1942
- September 14: General Henry Arnold approves the program that created the United States Army Air Forces Women's Flying Training Detachment (WFTD).[29]
- June 1: Mary Chance VanScyoc becomes the United States' first air-traffic controller.[30]
1943
- Janet Bragg becomes the first African American woman to earn a commercial pilot's license.[31]
- Hazel Ying Lee is the first Chinese American woman to fly as a WASP pilot for the US military.
- Lidya Litvyak and Katya Budanova of Russia are the first and only women to receive the Ace Pilot designation.[1]
- August 5, 1943: The Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) program was formed in the United States by merging WFTD and WAFS.[29][32]
1944
- December 20: The WASPs were disbanded and the women in the program provided no benefits for those who served.[33]
1948
- Isabella Ribeiro de Cabral is the first woman from Trinidad and Tobago to earn a pilot's license.[34]
- Ada Rogato of Brazil becomes the first woman agricultural pilot.[1]
1949
- Margaret Clarke becomes Australia's first agricultural pilot.[35]
1951
- Touria Chaoui is the first woman from Morocco to earn her pilot's license.[8]
- Marylise Ben Haim is the first Algerian woman to earn a pilot's license.[8]
1952
- Patricia Graham is the first Australian woman pilot to work in New Guinea.[36]
- Touria Chaoui becomes the first Moroccan and Arab woman pilot.[37]
1953
- May 20: Jackie Cochran becomes the first woman to break the sound barrier.[17]
1955
- Jacqueline Auriol of France is the first Frenchwoman to earn a test pilot license.[1]
- Jean Ross Howard Phelan founds the Whirly-Girls, an organization for women helicopter pilots.[38]
1956
- Ada Rogato is the first pilot to cross the Amazon rainforest solo using a single engine aircraft.[1]
1958
- February 11: Ruth Carol Taylor is the first African-American flight attendant on a flight from Ithaca to New York City.[13]
- Dorothy Rungeling is the first Canadian woman to solo pilot a helicopter.[39]
1959
- Molly Reilly is the first Canadian woman to become a civilian pilot.[40]
1960
- Olga Tarling becomes the first woman air traffic controller in Australia.[41]
1962
- Jacqueline Cochran is the first woman to fly a jet across the Atlantic Ocean.[1]
1964
- Geraldine Mock is the first woman to fly around the world.[17]
1970
- Rosella Bjorson is the first Canadian commercial airline pilot.[40]
- Beverly Roediger is the first woman to earn a commercial pilot license in Papua New Guinea.[42]
1974
- Mary Barr becomes the first woman pilot to work for the Forest Service in the United States.[17]
- Emily Howell Warner becomes the first woman member of the Air Line Pilot's Association.[43]
1976
- Emily Howell Warner becomes the first woman in the United States to work as an airline captain.[43]
1977
- September 2: Ten women graduated from UPT Class 77-08, earning their silver wings for the United States Air Force. The women who started and graduated were Connie Engel, Kathy LaSauce, Mary Donahue, Susan Rogers, Christine Schott, Sandra Scott, Victoria Crawford, Mary Livingston, Carol Scherer and Kathleen Rambo.[44]
- November: President Carter signs a bill giving all former WASPS World War II veterans' status.[33]
1978
- The first African American woman to fly for a commercial airline in the United States is Jill Brown-Hiltz when she joins Texas International Airlines as a pilot.[13]
- The International Social Affiliation of Women Airline Pilots (later named the International Society of Women Airline Pilots or ISA) was formed as a social and professional organization.[45]
1981
- June: Mary Crawford becomes the first women's flight officer in the United States Navy.[17]
1983
- November 16: American, Brooke Knapp, is the first person to land at McMurdo Station for a round the world flight and the first person to pilot a business jet over both the North and South Poles.[46]
- Charlotte Larson becomes the first woman smoke jumper aircraft captain.[47]
- Deanne Schulman becomes the first woman to be qualified as a smoke jumper.[47]
1984
- Beverly Burns becomes the first woman to be the captain on a 747 cross-country trip.[47]
- Lynn Ripplemeyer is the first captain of a 747 on a transatlantic flight.[47]
- Khatool Mohammadzai is the first Afghan woman to become a paratrooper.[48]
1986
- Jenny Brearley of Australia is the first woman "elected to the committee of the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association."[49]
1989
- Latifa Nabizada and her sister, Laliuma, become the first Afghan women admitted to military flight school.[50]
- Deanne Brasseur and Jane Foster are the first women to fly military aircraft in Canada.[40]
1990
- Women in Aviation International (WAI) was first organized to help women advance their careers in aviation.[51]
1991
- Patty Wagstaff is the first woman to earn the title of U.S. National Aerobatic Champion.[52]
- Latifa Nabizada and her sister Lailuma graduate from helicopter flight school and become Afghanistan's first women pilots.[53]
- July 31: The United States Senate voted "overwhelmingly" to allow American military women to fly aircraft in combat situations.[54]
1992
- Judy Chesser Coffman, of the U.S. Navy, was the first female helicopter pilot to fly in Antarctica, in support of the National Science Foundation (NSF).[55]
1993
- Jeannie Flynn becomes the first fighter pilot in the United States Air Forces.[56]
- Barbara Harmer of England becomes the first woman to fly a supersonic airline jet.[1]
1996
1997
- March: The Association for Women in Aviation Maintenance (AWAM) is formed.[58]
Twenty-first century
2003
- US Coast Guard pilot Sidonie Bosin is the first female aviation officer in charge of air crews in the Antarctic.[59]
- Ayesha Farooq becomes Pakistan's first "war-ready female fighter pilot."[60]
2004
- Irene Koki Mutungi of Kenya becomes Africa's first woman airline captain.[61]
- The first all-female aviation company in Africa, SRS Aviation is started by South African woman, Sibongile Sambo.[62]
2005
- Hanadi Zakaria Al-Hindi becomes the first woman in Saudi Arabia to earn her pilot's license.[63]
2006
2009
- Virginie Guyot of France is the first woman to lead a national aerobatic team.[1]
2010
- July: Ari Fuji, is the first woman captain in Japan, flying as captain for JAL Express.[65]
- The women who worked as WASP pilots were given the Congressional Gold Medal by the United States Congress and more than 250 women attended the ceremony.[29]
2012
- Esther Mbabazi becomes the first woman pilot in Rwanda.[66][67][68]
- Chinese pilot, Yu Xu, becomes the first woman to fly the J-10 fighter jet.[69]
2014
- Saudi Arabia allows their first woman pilot, Hanadi Al-Hindi, to fly in Saudi airspace.[70]
2015
- Myriam Adnani becomes the first Muslim woman pilot in Europe.[37]
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