Tipperary (town)
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Tipperary
Tiobraid Árann | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 Main Street, Tipperary | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Munster |
| County | County Tipperary |
| Dáil Éireann | Tipperary South |
| EU Parliament | South constituency |
| Elevation | 102 m (335 ft) |
| Population (2006)[1] | |
• Town | 5,065 |
| • Urban | 4,415 |
| • Environs | 650 |
| Irish Grid Reference | R889358 |
Tipperary (/ˌtɪpəˈrɛəri/; Irish: Tiobraid Árann) is a town and a civil parish[2] in County Tipperary, Ireland. Its population was 4,415 at the 2006 census.[3] It is also an ecclesiastical parish in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly, and is in the historical barony of Clanwilliam. The town gave its name to County Tipperary.
History
In Irish, "Tiobraid Árann" means "The Well of Ara"—a reference to the river which flows through the town. The well itself is located in the townland of Glenbane which is in the parish of Lattin and Cullen. This is where the River Ara rises. Little is known of the historical significance of the well.
The town is a medieval foundation and became a population centre in the early 13th century. Its ancient fortifications have disappeared but its central area is characterized by a wide streets radiating from the principal thoroughfare of Main Street.
There are two historical monuments in the Main Street, namely the bronze statue of Charles Kickham (poet and patriot) and the Maid of Erin statue erected to commemorate the Irish patriots, Allen, Larkin and O'Brien, who are collectively known as the Manchester Martyrs. The Maid of Erin is a freestanding monument; erected in 1907 it was relocated to a corner site on the main street from the centre of the main street in 2003. It is composed of carved limestone and the female figure stands on a base depicting the portraits of the three executed men. The portraits carry the names in Irish of each man. She is now situated on stone flagged pavement behind wrought-iron railings, with an information board. This memorial to the Manchester Martyrs is a landmark piece of sculpture now located in a prominent corner site. The choice of a female figure as the personification of Ireland for such a memorial was common at the time.[4] It is a naturalistic and evocative piece of work, made all the more striking by the lifelike portraits of the executed men.[5]
The first engagement of the Irish War of Independence took place at nearby Solloghead Beg Quarry on 21 January 1919 when Dan Breen and Seán Treacy led a group of volunteers in an attack on members of the Royal Irish Constabulary who were transporting gelignite.
The town was the site of a large military barracks of the British Army in the 50 years before Irish Independence and served as a military hospital during World War I.[6] During the War of Independence, it played a pivotal role as a base from which the Black and Tans went on local sorties in their campaign of terror against the people of the town and district.[citation needed]
On 30 September 2005, Mary McAleese, President of Ireland, in a gesture of reconciliation, unveiled the newly refurbished Memorial Arch of the barracks in the presence of several ambassadors and foreign emissaries, military attachés and town dignitaries; a detachment of the Local Defence Force, the Number 1 Irish Army Band and various ex-service organisations paraded. In a rare appearance, the Royal Munster Fusiliers banner was carried to mark the occasion. However, given the notoriety of the place in the folk memory, there was only a small representation of townspeople in attendance. The Arch is the only remaining porch of what was the officers mess and has panels mounted bearing the names of fallen members of the Irish Defence Forces (on United Nations service), and American, Australian, and United Kingdom armed services. .[7] The Arch was renovated and maintained by the Tipperary Remembrance Trust [8]
New Tipperary
In 1888–9, tenants of the local landlord, Arthur Smith Barry, withheld their rents in solidarity with his tenants in Co Cork. They were evicted and, under the direction of Fr. David Humphreys[9][10] and William O'Brien, decided to build a new town on land outside his control. The area now known Dillon Street and Emmet Street in Tipperary town was the centre of this development and was built by local labour but with funds raised in Australia and the United States. The high point was 12 April 1890, when a row of shops called the William O'Brien Arcade was opened, providing shops for some of the business people who had been evicted from the centre of the town. Eventually, compromise was reached and the tenants returned to the 'Old Tipperary'.[11]
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1821 | 6,348 | — |
| 1831 | 6,972 | +9.8% |
| 1841 | 7,370 | +5.7% |
| 1851 | 6,816 | −7.5% |
| 1861 | 5,864 | −14.0% |
| 1871 | 5,638 | −3.9% |
| 1881 | 7,274 | +29.0% |
| 1891 | 6,391 | −12.1% |
| 1901 | 6,281 | −1.7% |
| 1911 | 6,645 | +5.8% |
| 1926 | 5,555 | −16.4% |
| 1936 | 5,384 | −3.1% |
| 1946 | 5,267 | −2.2% |
| 1951 | 5,148 | −2.3% |
| 1956 | 4,790 | −7.0% |
| 1961 | 4,684 | −2.2% |
| 1966 | 4,507 | −3.8% |
| 1971 | 4,717 | +4.7% |
| 1981 | 5,169 | +9.6% |
| 1986 | 5,209 | +0.8% |
| 1991 | 4,983 | −4.3% |
| 1996 | 4,854 | −2.6% |
| 2002 | 4,964 | +2.3% |
| 2006 | 5,065 | +2.0% |
| 2011 | 5,310 | +4.8% |
| [12] | ||
Transportation
Roads
The town is situated on the N24 route between Limerick city and Waterford city.
Railway access
Tipperary railway station is on the Limerick to Waterford line and has two services a day to Waterford via Cahir, Clonmel and Carrick on Suir. Two trains a day also operate to Limerick Junction which has numerous services to Cork, Dublin Heuston and Limerick and onward connections to Ennis, Athenry and Galway. There is no train service to/from Tipperary on Sundays. Tipperary railway station opened 9 May 1848.[13]
Amenities
It is home to Tipperary Racecourse, which is located at Limerick Junction. It has a large agricultural catchment area in west Tipperary and east County Limerick and was historically a significant market town. Today, it still boasts large butter making and milk processing industries. The town is sometimes erroneously believed to be the county seat; this honour belongs instead to Clonmel.
Notable people
- Australian bushranger Ned Kelly's father, John, was from Tipperary. In 1840, John 'Red' Kelly, then aged 21, stole two pigs ('value about six pounds') and was transported to Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) for 7 years.[14] The police superintendent in charge at Ned Kelly's arrest at Glenrowan in 1880 was John Sadleir. He had emigrated from Brookville House, just south of Tipperary town in 1852.[15]
- Peter Campbell (naval officer), founder of the Uruguayan navy.
- Seán Treacy died in a shoot-out with British soldiers in Talbot Street, Dublin in October 1920.
- John Walsh, soldier in the Union Army during the American Civil War, earning the Medal of Honor
- Alan Quinlan, the Munster Rugby player was born in Tipperary in 1974. (Limerick Leader, 2010). [1] retrieved 2010-10-06
- Dr. Liam Hennessy, renowned exercise physiologist, strength & conditioning coach, and former international athlete, is from Tipperary.
- Mick Kinane, jockey
- Michael F. O'Connell, member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
- George Roupell, Victoria Cross recipient
Tipperary International Peace Award
Created by locals in an attempt to counter the association between Tipperary and war created by the song It's a long way to Tipperary, the Tipperary International Peace Award, described as "Ireland's outstanding award for humanitarian work",[16] has been awarded annually by the Tipperary Peace Convention since the inaugural award to the late Seán MacBride[16] in 1984.[17] Among the other recipients are Live Aid founder Bob Geldof[16] for 1985,[17] the late Irish senator and peace campaigner Gordon Wilson[18] for 1987,[17] former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev[16] for 1988,[17] the late South African president Nelson Mandela[16] for 1989,[17] former US president Bill Clinton[16] for 2000,[17] former New York mayor Rudy Giuliani[16] for 2001,[17] John O’Shea, founder of the charity Goal[18] for 2003,[17] the late Pakistani president Benazir Bhutto[16] for 2007,[17] the late US Senator Edward Kennedy[16] for 2009,[17] Afghan human rights campaigner Dr Sima Samar[16] for 2010,[17] former Irish president, Mary McAleese and her husband, senator Martin McAleese[18] for 2011,[17] Pakistani activist for female education and youngest-ever Nobel Prize laureate Malala Yousafzai for 2012,[17] former US envoy to Northern Ireland Richard Haass for 2013,[18] and the current UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon for 2014.[19]
In song
The song "It's a Long Way to Tipperary", which became popular among the British military as a marching song, was authored by Jack Judge, whose grandparents came from Tipperary, and Henry James "Harry" Williams. Welcoming signs on roads entering the town used to quip "You've come a long way..." in reference to that song, but the signs are no longer present.[citation needed]
The U.S. Army, included a song by John Alden Carpenter called "The Home Road" in its official 1918 song book which includes the lyric, "For the long, long road to Tipperary is the road that leads me home."[20] A song of remembrance is "Tipperary so far away" which commemorates one of its famous sons, Seán Treacy (see above). In an address to the people of Ballyporeen on 3 June 1984, Ronald Reagan, President of the United States of America, quoted a line from this famous song—"And I'll never more roam, from my own native home, in Tipperary so far away". There are other songs also with a Tipperary theme such as "Tipperary On My Mind", "Slievenamon", "Goodbye Mick", "Galtee Mountain Boy", "Katy Daly" (actually an American song), and "Forty Shades of Green", written by Johnny Cash.
Gary Moore's song "Business as Usual" tells about him and his love: "I lost my virginity to a Tipperary woman". On Seventy Six The Band's 2006 release Gone Is Winter, the song "Carry On" also states that it is "a long way to Tipperary". Shane MacGowan's song "Broad Majestic Shannon" includes the lyric "Heard the men coming home from the fair at Shinrone, their hearts in Tipperary wherever they go".
See also
References
- ^ "Census 2006 – Volume 1 – Population Classified by Area" (PDF). Central Statistics Office Census 2006 Reports. Central Statistics Office Ireland. April 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
- ^ "Tiobraid Árann/Tipperary". logainm.ie.
- ^ Irish census 2006
- ^ MacDonagh, Oliver (1986). Ireland and Irish-Australia: studies in cultural and political history. Routledge. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-7099-4617-5.
- ^ "Maid of Erin, Church Street, Main Street, Tipperary, Tipperary South: Buildings of Ireland: National Inventory of Architectural Heritage".
- ^ O'Shea, Walter S. (1998). "A Short History Of Tipperary Military Barracks". Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ "Tipperary Remembrance Arch". Tipperary Remembrance Trust.
- ^ "Home - Tipperary Remembrance Trust". Tipperary Remembrance Trust.
- ^ Denis G. Marnane, "Fr David Humphreys and New Tipperary", Tipperary: History and Society, ISBN 0906602033, 1985, 367-378
- ^ Tipperary Historic Town Trail is launched, The Nationalist, 13 October 2010
- ^ "Tipperary Town - Things To See".
- ^ http://www.cso.ie/census and www.histpop.org. Figures include environs of Tippperary. For a discussion on the accuracy of pre-famine census returns see J. J. Lee "On the accuracy of the pre-famine Irish censuses" in Irish Population, Economy and Society" edited by JM Goldstrom and LA Clarkson (1981) p. 54, and also "New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700–1850" by Joel Mokyr and Cormac Ó Gráda in The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 37, No. 4 (Nov., 1984), pp. 473–488.
- ^ "Tipperary station" (PDF). Railscot - Irish Railways. Retrieved 7 September 2007.
- ^ Ned Kelly: A Short Life by Ian Jones (Lothian, 2003) pp1-3.
- ^ ' Recollections of a Victorian Police Officer' by John Sadleir (George Robertson,Melb.,1913)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Ralph Riegel (21 August 2013). "Mandela, Clinton and Geldof among the former winners". Irish Independent. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Tipperary Peace Convention". Tipperary Peace Convention. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Richard Haass to be awarded 2013 Tipperary International Peace Award". Irish Times. 23 June 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
The 2013 Tipperary International Peace Award will be presented to Dr Richard Nathan Haass in Ballykisteen Hotel in Tipperary town today. The award from Tipperary Peace Convention will honour the work of Dr Haass "who played a very significant role in assisting the peace process in Northern Ireland".
- ^ "Ban Ki-moon praises 'truly historic' referendum result". RTÉ News. 24 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
Speaking after he accepted the Tipperary International Peace Award in Co Tipperary this evening...
- ^ US Army Song Book, 1918, issued by the War Department Commission on Training Camp Activities and compiled with the assistance of the National Committee on Army and Navy Camp Music, for free distribution to all Officers and Men in the Army, p. 13
- David J. Butler (2006). South Tipperary 1570–1841: Religion, Land and Rivalry.
- Denis G. Marnane (1985). A History of West Tipperary from 1660: Land and Violence.
- William Nolan & Thomas G. McGrath (1985). Tipperary History & Society.
- Martin O'Dwyer (2001). Tipperary's Sons & Daughters - Biographies of Tipperary Persons Involved in the National Struggle.
- Walter S. O'Shea (1998). A Short History of Tipperary Military Barracks (Infantry) 1874–1922.
External links
- Tipperary Town
- Tipperary Institute
- TippNet is a development activity of Tipperary Institute.
- Tipperary railway station
- Tipperary Musical Society
- South Tipperary Rail & Bus Website
