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Tornado outbreak sequence of May 4–10, 1933

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Coordinates: 36°20′24″N 85°16′41″W / 36.340°N 85.278°W / 36.340; -85.278
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Early-May 1933 tornado outbreak sequence
TypeTornado outbreak sequence
DurationMay 4–10, 1933
Tornadoes
confirmed		≥ 33
Max. rating1F4 tornado
Duration of
tornado outbreak2		8 days
Fatalities128 fatalities
Areas affectedMidwestern United States, Southeastern United States
Part of the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1933

1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale
2Time from first tornado to last tornado

From May 4–10, 1933, a tornado outbreak sequence produced at least 33 tornadoes. Among them was the Beaty Swamp tornado, a violent F4 that struck shortly after midnight CST on May 11, 1933, in Overton County, Tennessee, killing 35 people, injuring 150 others, and devastating the unincorporated communities of Beaty Swamp and Bethsaida. The storm was the second-deadliest tornado in the history of Middle Tennessee, even though it struck a sparsely populated, rural area. The community of Beaty Swamp ceased to exist and does not appear on any current maps. The only landmark that alludes to the former community is Beaty Swamp Road, which intersects Highway 111 in the northeast corner of Overton County. The severe weather event that generated the tornado also produced others, including long-tracked, intense tornadoes or tornado families that devastated portions of Alabama, South Carolina, and Kentucky, killing a combined total of 76 people.[nb 1][nb 2][nb 3]

Confirmed tornadoes

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Confirmed tornadoes by Fujita rating
FU F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Total
6 ? ? 16 8 3 0 ≥ 33

May 4 event

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Confirmed tornadoes – Thursday, May 4, 1933[nb 4][nb 5]
F# Location County / Parish State Time (UTC) Path length Max. width Summary
F2 Calico Rock Izard AR 21:00–? 6 miles (9.7 km) 50 yards (46 m) Tornado destroyed a few barns. Losses totaled $500.[11][12]
FU Eudora Chicot AR 22:00–? 3 miles (4.8 km) Un­known Large tornado destroyed several structures. Losses totaled $50,000.[12]
F2 Bosco Ouachita LA 23:00–? Un­known Un­known Tornado struck a plantation, unroofing the main residence. Six tenant homes were destroyed as well. Four people were injured and losses totaled $25,000.[11][12]
F3 E of Tallulah Madison LA 00:30–? 10 miles (16 km) 500 yards (460 m) 1 death – Tornado destroyed both large and small homes. 15 people were injured and losses totaled $35,000.[11]
F2 Valley Park Issaquena, Sharkey MS 02:00–? 5 miles (8.0 km) 50 yards (46 m) Tornado destroyed a church and four homes.[11]

May 5 event

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Confirmed tornadoes – Friday, May 5, 1933[nb 4][nb 5]
F# Location County / Parish State Time (UTC) Path length Max. width Summary
F3 E of Edna to Demopolis Choctaw, Sumter, Marengo AL 06:20–? 35 miles (56 km) 400 yards (370 m) 4 deaths – Tornado destroyed 50 homes as it passed through Demopolis, rendering 200 people homeless. 27 people were injured and losses totaled $60,000.[11]
F4 S of Brent to Helena Bibb, Shelby AL 08:30–? 35 miles (56 km) 500 yards (460 m) 21 deaths – Tornado obliterated small homes near Centerville and Coalmont. 14 of the fatalities occurred in Helena, along with 150 injuries, as the town was devastated. In all, 200 people were injured and losses totaled $250,000.[11]
FU Un­known Jefferson AL 09:00–? Un­known 100 yards (91 m) One person was injured and losses totaled $4,000.[12]
F3 Northern Anderson to Belton to Barksdale Anderson, Greenville, Laurens SC 19:30–? 45 miles (72 km) 300 yards (270 m) 19 deaths – Tornado struck mills in Belton, destroying poorly built homes nearby. Other homes were destroyed in Greenville County. 100 people were injured and losses totaled $350,000. Most of the damages were to mills.[11]

May 6 event

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Confirmed tornadoes – Saturday, May 6, 1933[nb 4][nb 5]
F# Location County / Parish State Time (UTC) Path length Max. width Summary
F2 W of Starkville Oktibbeha MS 07:30–? Un­known Un­known One home was destroyed. Three people were injured and losses totaled $3,000.[11][12]
F2 Un­known Lee MS 07:30–? Un­known Un­known Three small homes were destroyed. Five people were injured and losses totaled $6,000.[11]

May 7 event

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Confirmed tornadoes – Sunday, May 7, 1933[nb 4][nb 5]
F# Location County / Parish State Time (UTC) Path length Max. width Summary
F2 S of Remsen to SE of Alton Plymouth, Sioux IA 19:45–? 12 miles (19 km) Un­known Tornado struck seven farmsteads, three of which lost their barns. One person was injured and losses totaled $20,000.[11]
F2 NE of Searcy White AR 21:30–? Un­known Un­known Short-lived tornado, attended by hail, destroyed barns.[11][12]
F2 N of Harrisburg to Trumann Poinsett AR 22:00–? 16 miles (26 km) 400 yards (370 m) Tornado destroyed a school and nine homes in the Shady Grove community. At least two—possibly three—people were injured and losses totaled $25,000.[11][12]
F2 W of Barnum Webster IA 22:00–? Un­known Un­known Tornado destroyed a CBS-type barn.[11]
F2 N of Bondurant to Maxwell Polk, Story IA 22:00–? 12 miles (19 km) 200 yards (180 m) Widely-visible tornado destroyed a couple of barns. A farmstead sustained the third tornado strike in its history. Losses totaled $3,000.[11][12]
F2 Eagle Grove Wright IA 22:30–? 2 miles (3.2 km) 50 yards (46 m) Tornado destroyed a chicken coop, a toolshed, and a barn. Losses totaled $5,000.[13]
FU Lu Verne Humboldt, Kossuth IA 23:30–? Un­known Un­known Losses totaled $500.[12]
F3 S of Covington to Charleston Tipton TN 23:45–? 15 miles (24 km) 300 yards (270 m) 6 deaths – Tornado destroyed or damaged approximately 105 agricultural outbuildings and homes. 20 people were injured and losses totaled $75,000.[13]
F2 N of Somers to N of Barnum Calhoun, Webster IA Un­known 12 miles (19 km) Un­known Tornado destroyed a few barns. Losses totaled $4,000.[11]
F2 E of Fort Dodge Webster IA Un­known Un­known Un­known One barn was destroyed.[13]

May 8 event

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Confirmed tornadoes – Monday, May 8, 1933[nb 4][nb 5]
F# Location County / Parish State Time (UTC) Path length Max. width Summary
FU Sycamore Turner GA Un­known Un­known Un­known Tornado reported.[12]
FU Cloverdale Dade GA Un­known Un­known Un­known Tornado reported.[12]

May 9 event

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Confirmed tornadoes – Tuesday, May 9, 1933[nb 4][nb 5]
F# Location County / Parish State Time (UTC) Path length Max. width Summary
F2 SW of Tipton Tipton IN 09:00–? 1 mile (1.6 km) Un­known A large barn was destroyed and its contents strewn.[13]
F2 Lapel to Anderson Madison IN 09:30–? 4 miles (6.4 km) Un­known Tornado unroofed a home and damaged a factory. Damage to roofs and from seepage totaled $40,000.[13]
FU NE of Dayton Montgomery OH 11:37–? 3 miles (4.8 km) 880 yards (800 m) Losses totaled $1 million.[12]
F3 S of Versailles Ripley IN 22:15–? 7 miles (11 km) 200 yards (180 m) Tornado destroyed several barns and four homes. Five people were injured.[13]
F3 South Fork to Woods Ridge Ohio IN 22:40–? 5 miles (8.0 km) 400 yards (370 m) Tornado destroyed three homes, one of which it nearly leveled, a seven-room structure that sustained borderline-F4 damage. Three people were injured.[13]
F3 N of Dale to SW of Norris City Hamilton, White IL 00:00–? 8 miles (13 km) 200 yards (180 m) 2 deaths – Large tornado destroyed three homes, one of which was left with only a single wall. Three people were injured and losses totaled $5,000.[13][12]
F4 SW of Tompkinsville to Southeastern Russell Springs Monroe, Cumberland, Adair, Russell KY 02:30–? 60 miles (97 km) 800 yards (730 m) 36 deaths — See section on this tornado
F2 Columbia Metcalfe, Adair KY 02:30–? 15 miles (24 km) 400 yards (370 m) 2 deaths – Five homes were destroyed and 12 others damaged in Columbia. 12 people were injured and losses totaled $45,000.[14][13]
F3 N of Lebanon Wilson TN 04:30–? 5 miles (8.0 km) 200 yards (180 m) 2 deaths – Three homes were obliterated and scattered. Bodies were found 300 yd (900 ft) away. Other residents survived in underground storm shelters that had been built after tornadoes on March 14. Six people were injured and losses totaled $25,000.[13]

May 10 event

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Confirmed tornadoes – Wednesday, May 10, 1933[nb 4][nb 5]
F# Location County / Parish State Time (UTC) Path length Max. width Summary
F4 N of Livingston to Byrdstown Overton, Pickett TN 06:15–? 20 miles (32 km) 800 yards (730 m) 35 deaths — See section on this tornado

Tompkinsville–Sewell–Cundiff–Russell Springs, Kentucky

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Tompkinsville–Sewell–Cundiff–Russell Springs, Kentucky
F4 tornado
Max. rating1F4 tornado
Fatalities≥ 36 fatalities, ≥ 87 injuries
Damage$245,000 (1933 USD)
$5.77 million (2024 USD)
1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale

A tornado family killed 16 people and destroyed 60 homes in Tompkinsville, striking the southern portion of the city and devastating African-American communities. Bodies were found 100 yd (91 m) away, and the swath of damage was 1⁄4 mi (0.40 km) wide. Farther northeast, the tornado killed two more people, at Sewell. Across Monroe County 50 injuries were reported. The tornado may have weakened as it headed northeastward, causing two injuries in Cumberland County and two more deaths near Cundiff in Adair County. Afterward, the tornado restrengthened and widened to 1 mi (1.6 km) as it neared Russell Springs. The tornado passed within 1⁄2 mi (0.80 km) of downtown Russell Springs, leveling 100 or more homes on the southeastern edge of town. At least 14 and possibly as many as 20 fatalities occurred in or near Russell Springs. Outside Russell Springs, chickens were reportedly left featherless. At least 87 people were injured and losses totaled $245,000. As many as 100 injuries may have occurred in Russell County alone. At that time, this tornado was the third-deadliest on record in the Commonwealth of Kentucky after the Louisville tornado of 1890, which took 76 lives, and the Fulton County-Bondurant tornado of 1917 when 65 people were killed. However, after 58 people were killed during the Western Kentucky tornado of 2021, this tornado would become the fourth-deadliest on record.[15][14][13]

Beaty Swamp–Bethsaida, Tennessee

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Beaty Swamp–Bethsaida, Tennessee
F4 tornado
Max. rating1F4 tornado
Fatalities35 fatalities, 150 injuries
Damage$100,000 (1933 USD)
$2.35 million (2024 USD)
1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale

Around midnight local time, a violent tornado touched down approximately 6 mi (9.7 km) north of Livingston and headed northeast, paralleling Big Eagle Creek and passing northwest of Bethsaida. The tornado subsequently struck the small settlement of Beaty Swamp, obliterating every home and causing 33 fatalities there, including an entire family of nine. Little debris was left in the vicinity, a reaper-binder was thrown 500 yd (1,500 ft), and cars were moved hundreds of feet. Almost everyone in Beaty Swamp was either injured or killed. After devastating Beaty Swamp, the tornado continued through Bethsaida and past West Fork before dissipating near Byrdstown. In Pickett County the tornado caused only minor damage to properties and trees. Estimates of the path length vary from 11 to 20 mi (18 to 32 km). Heavy rainfall, suggestive of a high-precipitation supercell, immediately preceded the tornado. Another violent tornado did not hit the area until April 3, 1974.[13][16][17][18][19][20]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ An outbreak is generally defined as a group of at least six tornadoes (the number sometimes varies slightly according to local climatology) with no more than a six-hour gap between individual tornadoes. An outbreak sequence, prior to (after) the start of modern records in 1950, is defined as a period of no more than two (one) consecutive days without at least one significant (F2 or stronger) tornado.[1]
  2. ^ The Fujita scale was devised under the aegis of scientist T. Theodore Fujita in the early 1970s. Prior to the advent of the scale in 1971, tornadoes in the United States were officially unrated.[2][3] While the Fujita scale has been superseded by the Enhanced Fujita scale in the U.S. since February 1, 2007,[4] Canada used the old scale until April 1, 2013;[5] nations elsewhere, like the United Kingdom, apply other classifications such as the TORRO scale.[6]
  3. ^ Historically, the number of tornadoes globally and in the United States was and is likely underrepresented: research by Grazulis on annual tornado activity suggests that, as of 2001, only 53% of yearly U.S. tornadoes were officially recorded. Documentation of tornadoes outside the United States was historically less exhaustive, owing to the lack of monitors in many nations and, in some cases, to internal political controls on public information.[7] Most countries only recorded tornadoes that produced severe damage or loss of life.[8] Significant low biases in U.S. tornado counts likely occurred through the early 1990s, when advanced NEXRAD was first installed and the National Weather Service began comprehensively verifying tornado occurrences.[9]
  4. ^ a b c d e f g All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time and dates are split at midnight CST/CDT for consistency.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Prior to 1994, only the average widths of tornado paths were officially listed.[10]

References

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  1. ^ Schneider, Russell S.; Brooks, Harold E.; Schaefer, Joseph T. (2004). Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875–2003) (PDF). 22nd Conf. Severe Local Storms. Hyannis, Massachusetts: American Meteorological Society. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
  2. ^ Grazulis 1993, p. 141.
  3. ^ Grazulis 2001a, p. 131.
  4. ^ Edwards, Roger (March 5, 2015). "Enhanced F Scale for Tornado Damage". The Online Tornado FAQ (by Roger Edwards, SPC). Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  5. ^ "Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF-Scale)". Environment and Climate Change Canada. June 6, 2013. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  6. ^ "The International Tornado Intensity Scale". Tornado and Storm Research Organisation. 2016. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  7. ^ Grazulis 2001a, pp. 251–4.
  8. ^ Edwards, Roger (March 5, 2015). "The Online Tornado FAQ (by Roger Edwards, SPC)". Storm Prediction Center: Frequently Asked Questions about Tornadoes. Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  9. ^ Cook & Schaefer 2008, p. 3135
  10. ^ Brooks 2004, p. 310.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Grazulis 1993, p. 850.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m USWB 1933, p. 155.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Grazulis 1993, p. 851.
  14. ^ a b "Tornadoes of May 9, 1933". Louisville, KY Weather Forecast Office. Louisville, Kentucky: National Weather Service. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  15. ^ Grazulis, Thomas P.; Grazulis, Doris (April 26, 2000). "The United States' Worst Tornadoes". The Tornado Project. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: Environmental Films. Archived from the original on May 14, 2008. Retrieved August 18, 2021.
  16. ^ "Beatty Swamps Tornado of May 10, 1933". Nashville, TN Weather Forecast Office. Old Hickory, Tennessee: National Weather Service. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  17. ^ "1933 Tornado". Josephine's Journal. Archived from the original on August 29, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  18. ^ Ramsey, Tami P. (ed.). "1933 Tornado". OVERTON COUNTY TNGenWeb Project. RootsWeb. Archived from the original on October 6, 2003. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  19. ^ Neal, Samuel K. (May 10, 1933). Written at Bethsaida, Tennessee. "20 Dead, Many Hurt in Overton Tornado". Livingston Enterprise. Livingston, Tennessee: National Weather Service. Archived from the original on May 23, 2007. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  20. ^ Rose, Mark (December 9, 2010). "Assorted Historical Weather Events in Middle Tennessee". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office Nashville, TN. Old Hickory, Tennessee: National Weather Service. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved October 1, 2021.

Sources

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36°20′24″N 85°16′41″W / 36.340°N 85.278°W / 36.340; -85.278

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