Toronto Internet Exchange
 |
 | |
| Full name | Toronto Internet Exchange Community |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | TorIX |
| Founded | 1998 |
| Location |  Canada, Toronto, Ontario |
| Website | www |
| Members | 213[1] |
| Ports | 256[1] |
| Peak in | 370 Gb/s[2] |
| Peak out | 370 Gb/s[2] |
The Toronto Internet Exchange Community (TorIX) is a not-for-profit Internet Exchange Point (IXP) located in a carrier hotel at 151 Front Street West and Equinix's TR2 data centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. As of October 2016[update], TorIX has 213 members[1] and peak traffic rates of 370 Gbit/s,[2] making it the largest IXP in Canada. According to Wikipedia's List of Internet Exchange Points by Size, TorIX is the 15th largest IXP in the world in numbers of peers, and 21st in the world in terms of average traffic (based on a sample rate of once every 300 seconds). The Exchange is organized and run by industry professionals in voluntary capacity. It is accessible directly at two separate physical locations: 151 Front Street W. and Equinix's TR2 facility on Parliament St. Within 151, TorIX is accessible within facilities operated by Equinix, Cologix and Neutral Data Centres, or available via the building's meet-me-room, which makes the IX reachable by any organization with a presence in the building. At Equinix TR2, TorIX is available to all organizations present there.
History
TorIX initially started by Jason Lixfeld and others in 1997 the RACO facility in suite 604 at 151 Front Street West. In 2003, the exchange began offering gigabit Ethernet. In 2008, the Exchange began offering 10GE ports. In 2015, 100GE ports began to be offered.
Architecture
The exchange is Ethernet-based and currently operates two Cisco Nexus 7010 series switches, which act as core nodes, as well as several Cisco Nexus 9200 and Cisco ME-3600X series switches which act as edge or leaf nodes. Core nodes handle port speeds of GigabitEthernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet and 100 Gigabit Ethernet, including bonded configurations. Peers connect to the Layer 2 fabric using IPv4 & IPv6 addresses provided by TorIX to connect with each other, via the BGP routing protocol. Single-mode fiber is required, and peers can connect from anywhere in the building via the meet-me-room.
Route-Servers
The Exchange also offers two BGP Route-Servers, which allow peers to exchange prefixes with each other while minimizing the number of direct BGP peering sessions configured on their routers. Participation is voluntary, with approximately three-quarters of the membership using the free service. The exchange now allows participants the option of eliminating the TorIX ASN from the AS path of prefixes received via the route-servers. This can substantially increase the utility of the route-servers for participants, but should only be undertaken after careful consideration. In addition, TorIX participants will have a range of BGP communities that can be used for traffic engineering purposes.
Portal
The Exchange operates a members-only portal that allows peers to publish their peering policies, contact other members with peering requests, configure route-server access and options, track traffic usage, etc.
Community Projects
TorIX will consider hosting Internet community projects that are of an interest to members of the Exchange or the wider Canadian Internet.
ntp.torix.ca
Since 2012, TorIX has been hosting a cluster of Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers for use by the Internet as a whole. Using servers which sync to both GPS and CDMA sources, the TorIX NTP cluster is a stratum 1 time source. The equipment was kindly donated by the Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA), and as of August 2015 provides time to over 1,200,000 devices worldwide.[3]
Membership
Membership[4] is open to all companies capable of connecting to the exchange at 151 Front Street West or Equinix TR2, and have their own Autonomous System Number (ASN). The typical peer is an ISP, communications company or a Content Delivery Network, though overall membership includes a broad range of enterprise companies, government, and educational institutions. Peers have autonomous control over their routing policies at the exchange, and may peer with as few or as many as desired. The exchange does encourage use of the route-servers.
Members are not required to have their own provider-independent address space, but it is recommended. For those that do not, and who wish to join the exchange, companies are asked to provide a Letter of Authority from their ISP permitting them to advertise their IPv4 or IPv6 prefixes. Peers must have their own unique ASNs.
Organizations wishing to connect to TorIX can arrange colocation for their equipment with one of the many companies operating at 151 Front Street West or with Equinix at TR2, or use long-haul Ethernet transport through a third-party provider capable of physically connecting to the exchange.
Justification for joining the Toronto Internet Exchange is typical to most IXPs: financial, network performance and/or security.
High-profile members of TorIX include Google, Akamai, Facebook, Amazon, Yahoo!, Zayo, CANARIE, CBC, CloudFlare, Cogeco, Eastlink, iWeb, Limelight Networks, LinkedIn, Microsoft, ORION, Primus Canada, Rogers Communications, Shaw Communications, TekSavvy, Wind Mobile.
Financial
Compared to commercial Internet transit pricing in Canada, the per-megabit cost of being a typical TorIX peer works out to cents-on-the-dollar, versus tens of dollars per megabit. According to Job Snijder's IXP Pricing List, TorIX is one of the lowest cost IXP's in the entire world.[5]
Most commercial Internet transit agreements require a minimum traffic commitment level, which the customer must pay regardless if their usage is below that point. If usage exceeds the contracted commitment level, the customer usually pays based on an agreed per-megabit charge. Billing is typically done based on the 95th percentile. As a not-for-profit, TorIX charges a small port fee based on the speed of the port the member desires, rather than the amount of traffic traveling over TorIX. The more traffic, the better, but peers are not penalized for lower traffic levels.
The low-cost barrier to entry for prospective peers is attractive for the smaller companies, while larger companies can see significant operational expense savings by utilizing the exchange at a fraction of the cost of commercial Internet transit.
Performance
By utilizing the exchange, members can keep their Internet traffic "local," without the added latency of a third-party Internet transit provider. For example, Internet traffic between two points in the same province that utilize different last mile ISPs may travel extensive physical distances, including to and from other countries, which would negatively impact latency-sensitive applications. Through direct peering relationships, members and their customers realize better network performance.
While many companies see a benefit in such arrangements, including many of the country's largest ISPs, neither Bell Canada nor Telus connect to the exchange.
Security
By keeping Canadian Internet traffic local within the country, many organizations are able to alleviate concerns regarding Canadian source/destination Internet traffic, particularly involving concerns regarding the American NSA's interception of cross-border traffic, best demonstrated by the revelations of Edward Snowden to the press.[citation needed]
Fees
Peers are charged an annual port access fee, with the cost dependent on the type of port and the number of ports required. These fees are used to offset the costs of running the exchange, including vendor support contracts, spare optics and hardware upgrades.
Mailing lists
TorIX operates several mailing lists: three are TorIX specific, two deal with operational issues, and the other is a general member participation list. The exchange also hosts a mailing list for wholesale ISPs that connect to Bell Canada (formerly Bell Nexxia)'s wholesale DSL services, and this is a key source for up-to-date information on day-to-day issues experienced by operators. This list was formerly hosted by a dissolved Ottawa, Canada ISP called iStop, and was moved to the TorIX servers after numerous requests by members after that ISP folded.
Sponsorship
TorIX has been a gold sponsor of the annual Canadian ISP Summit in Toronto since 2011.
TorIX sponsored NANOG 65 Montreal in October 2015.
In April 2010, TorIX was a co-sponsor of ARIN's conference in Toronto.
In February 2007, TorIX was a co-sponsor of NANOG's conference in Toronto.
Criticism of Wikipedia's List of IXP's by Size
A number of the IXP's listed on List of Internet Exchange Points by Size are multi-city, and the bandwidth statistics are an aggregate representing that. By comparison, TorIX operates solely in Toronto. If multi-city and single-city IXPs were separated, TorIX's ranking would differ significantly:
- combined, TorIX ranks 21st in the world in terms of average bandwidth, but separated into single-city IXPs, TorIX would rank 6th (February 2016)
- the same calculation based on number of peers, at which TorIX ranks as 15th largest in the world, separated TorIX would rank 3rd in the world (October 2015)
See also
Notes
- ^ a b c "Toronto Internet Exchange Peers". Toronto Internet Exchange. Retrieved 2016-11-08.
- ^ a b c "Traffic statistics for TorIX". Toronto Internet Exchange. Retrieved 2016-11-08.
- ^ "Toronto Internet Exchange Projects". Toronto Internet Exchange. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
- ^ "TorIX membership requirements". Toronto Internet Exchange. Retrieved 2014-11-17.
- ^ "IXP Costs". Job Snijders. Retrieved 2016-08-24.