Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands are a grassland biome located in semi-arid to semi-humid climate regions of subtropical and tropical latitudes. Grasslands are dominated by grass and other herbaceous plants. Savannas are grasslands with scattered trees. Shrublands are dominated by woody or herbaceous shrubs.

Rainfall in tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands can be highly seasonal, with the entire year's rainfall sometimes occurring within a couple of weeks. Much of the plant life on savannas is adapted to seasonal aridity. Adaptations to the dry climate include herbaceous annuals, which die in the dry season and re-grow from seed each year, and perennial plants which grow long tap roots to reach groundwater, or bulbs to store water.

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands occur on all continents but Antarctica. They are widespread on Africa, and are also found in India, the northern parts of South America and Australia, and the southern United States.

African Savannas occur between forest or woodland regions and grassland regions. The climate varies, with an average temperature of 27°C with peaks of 30°C in April and October, and between 300 and 1500 millimeters of rain per year. Flora includes:

• Acacia (Tree)
  • Loses leaves in dry season to conserve moisture
  • Leafy canopy in rainy season (flattened by winds)
• Baobab (Tree)
  • Stores water in trunk
  • Thick bark to protect it from fires in dry season
  • Long Tap roots to reach underground moisture
  • Few leaves to reduce water loss through transpiration
• Grass
  • Grow Quickly to 3 or 4 meters in clumps
  • Shoots die in dry season leaving only roots
• Low Shrubs
  • Drought resistant
  • Small
  • Thorns not leaves

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregions

Afrotropical tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregions
Angolan miombo woodlands	Angola
Angolan mopane woodlands	Angola, Namibia
Ascension scrub and grasslands	Ascension Island
Central Zambezian miombo woodlands	Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia
East Sudanian savanna	Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan, Uganda
Eastern miombo woodlands	Mozambique, Tanzania
Guinean forest–savanna mosaic	Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo
Itigi–Sumbu thicket	Tanzania, Zambia
Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands	Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe
Mandara Plateau mosaic	Cameroon, Nigeria
Northern Acacia–Commiphora bushlands and thickets	Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, Uganda
Northern Congolian forest–savanna mosaic	Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda
Sahelian Acacia savanna	Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South Sudan, Sudan
Serengeti volcanic grasslands	Kenya, Tanzania
Somali Acacia–Commiphora bushlands and thickets	Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia
South Arabian fog woodlands, shrublands, and dune	Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
Southern Acacia–Commiphora bushlands and thickets	Kenya, Tanzania
Southern Africa bushveld	Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe
Southern Congolian forest–savanna mosaic	Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Southern miombo woodlands	Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Saint Helena scrub and woodlands	Saint Helena
Victoria Basin forest–savanna mosaic	Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda
West Sudanian savanna	Benin, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,Mali, Ivory Coast, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal
Western Congolian forest–savanna mosaic	Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo
Western Zambezian grasslands	Angola, Zambia
Zambezian and mopane woodlands	Botswana, Eswatini, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands	Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Australasian tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregions
Arnhem Land tropical savanna	Australia
Brigalow tropical savanna	Australia
Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna	Australia
Carpentaria tropical savanna	Australia
Einasleigh Uplands savanna	Australia
Kimberley tropical savanna	Australia
Mitchell grass downs	Australia
Trans-Fly savanna and grasslands	Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Victoria Plains tropical savanna	Australia

Indomalayan tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregions
Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands	Bhutan, India, Nepal

Nearctic tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregions
Western Gulf coastal grasslands	Mexico, United States

Neotropical tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregions
Beni savanna	Bolivia
Campos rupestres	Brazil
Cerrado	Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay
Clipperton Island shrub and grasslands	Clipperton Island is an overseas territory of France
Córdoba montane savanna	Argentina
Guianan savanna	Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela
Humid Chaco	Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
Llanos	Venezuela, Colombia
Uruguayan savanna	Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay

Oceanian tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregions
Hawaiian tropical high shrublands	Hawaiʻi
Hawaiian tropical low shrublands	Hawaiʻi
Northwestern Hawaii scrub	Hawaiʻi, Midway Atoll

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