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Title used on Selim III's coin which reads as follows: "sultan of two lands and khaqan of two seas" Ottoman Turkish: سلطان البرّين و خاقان البحرين
sultan ü'l-berreyn ve hakan ü'l-bahreyn

After the Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople, Mehmed II presented himself as [the] sultan of [the] two lands and [the] khan of [the] two seas[a] (Ottoman Turkish: سلطان البرّين و خاقان البحرين, romanizedsultanü'l-berreyn ve hakanü'l-bahreyn), in which the "two lands" were Anatolia and Rumelia, and the "two seas" were the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.[3]

Usage on coinage

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Various sultans used this title on their coinage, including:

Notes

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  1. ^ Other translations include:
     • The sultan of two lands and the khan of two seas[1]
     • The sultan of the two lands and the khaqan of the two seas[2]

References

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  1. ^ Cihan Yüksel Muslu (2014). The Ottomans and the Mamluks: Imperial Diplomacy and Warfare in the Islamic World. p. 118. Mehmed presented himself to the world as The Sultan of two lands and the Khan of two seas
  2. ^ Ismail Hakkı Kadı; A.C.S. Peacock (2019). Ottoman-Southeast Asian Relations (2 Vols.) Sources from the Ottoman Archives. p. 15.
  3. ^ Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2010). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. p. 90.
  4. ^ "Sultani - Mehmed III Aleppo". numista.
  5. ^ "Sultani - Murad III Aleppo; type 1". numista.
  6. ^ "Sultani - Ahmed I Damascus; type 2". numista.
  7. ^ "Onluk - Mustafa I second reign". numista.
  8. ^ "Onluk - Osman II". numista.
  9. ^ "½ Kuruş /20 Para/ - Ahmed II". numista.
  10. ^ "Zolota - Süleyman II". numista.
  11. ^ "Kuruş - Mustafa II Edirne mint". numista.
  12. ^ "1 Abbasi - Ahmed III". numista.
  13. ^ "Zeri Mahbub - Mahmud I, Egypt". numista.
  14. ^ "10 Para - Osman III". numista.
  15. ^ "1 Rial - Mustafa III". numista.
  16. ^ "Zeri Mahbub - Abdulhamid I". numista.
  17. ^ "Yüzlük - Selīm III Islambol mint". numista.}
  18. ^ "Zeri Mahbub - Mustafa IV". numista.}
  19. ^ "Beshlik - Mahmud II Second Issue". numista.
  20. ^ "4 Kharub - Abdulmecid I". numista.