User:Beshogur/sandbox
sultan ü'l-berreyn ve hakan ü'l-bahreyn
After the Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople, Mehmed II presented himself as [the] sultan of [the] two lands and [the] khan of [the] two seas[a] (Ottoman Turkish: سلطان البرّين و خاقان البحرين, romanized: sultanü'l-berreyn ve hakanü'l-bahreyn), in which the "two lands" were Anatolia and Rumelia, and the "two seas" were the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.[3]
Usage on coinage
[edit]Various sultans used this title on their coinage, including:
- Murad III (r. 1603–1595)[4]
- Mehmed III (r. 1595–1603)[5]
- Ahmed I (r. 1603–1617)[6]
- Mustafa I (r. 1617–1618 and r. 1622–1623)[7]
- Osman II (r. 1618–1622)[8]
- Suleiman II (r. 1687–1691)[9]
- Ahmed II (r. 1691–1695)[10]
- Mustafa II (r. 1695–1703)[11]
- Ahmed III (r. 1703–1730)[12]
- Mahmud I (r. 1730–1754)[13]
- Osman III (r. 1754–1757)[14]
- Mustafa III (r. 1757–1774)[15]
- Abdul Hamid I (r. 1774–1789)[16]
- Selim III (r. 1789–1807)[17]
- Mustafa IV (r. 1807–1808)[18]
- Mahmud II (r. 1808–1839)[19]
- Abdulmejid I (r. 1839–1861)[20]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Cihan Yüksel Muslu (2014). The Ottomans and the Mamluks: Imperial Diplomacy and Warfare in the Islamic World. p. 118.
Mehmed presented himself to the world as The Sultan of two lands and the Khan of two seas
- ^ Ismail Hakkı Kadı; A.C.S. Peacock (2019). Ottoman-Southeast Asian Relations (2 Vols.) Sources from the Ottoman Archives. p. 15.
- ^ Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2010). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. p. 90.
- ^ "Sultani - Mehmed III Aleppo". numista.
- ^ "Sultani - Murad III Aleppo; type 1". numista.
- ^ "Sultani - Ahmed I Damascus; type 2". numista.
- ^ "Onluk - Mustafa I second reign". numista.
- ^ "Onluk - Osman II". numista.
- ^ "½ Kuruş /20 Para/ - Ahmed II". numista.
- ^ "Zolota - Süleyman II". numista.
- ^ "Kuruş - Mustafa II Edirne mint". numista.
- ^ "1 Abbasi - Ahmed III". numista.
- ^ "Zeri Mahbub - Mahmud I, Egypt". numista.
- ^ "10 Para - Osman III". numista.
- ^ "1 Rial - Mustafa III". numista.
- ^ "Zeri Mahbub - Abdulhamid I". numista.
- ^ "Yüzlük - Selīm III Islambol mint". numista.}
- ^ "Zeri Mahbub - Mustafa IV". numista.}
- ^ "Beshlik - Mahmud II Second Issue". numista.
- ^ "4 Kharub - Abdulmecid I". numista.