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User:Derlinus/List of international enclaves and exclaves

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In political geography, an enclave is a territory completely surrounded by the territory of another political entity, and an exclave is a fragment which is geographically separated from its "parent" by surrounding "alien" territory. An entity may simultaneously be both an enclave and an exclave. A famous example is West Berlin, which was simultanously an East German enclave and a West German exclave.

Definition

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Enclaves and exclaves may exist on any administrative level, such as city, county, state or national. This article will focus exclusively on country-level, or international, enclaves and exclaves.

While the definition of an enclave is clear cut, what constitutes an exclave is open to some interpretation, and various definitions exist. Under stricter definitions, an exclave can border only one country (which would exclude Nakhichevan), an exclave may not have sea access (which would exclude Alaska), or it may not have sea access and border more than one other country (which would exclude Kaliningrad).

This listing will include all relevant country fragments, and they will be differentiated and appropriately classified based upon their respective attributes (e.g. number of bordering countries, sea access etc).


The following apply:

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  • Islands are not considered exclaves, unless completely surrounded by alien territorial waters.
  • The section of a country that contains the Seat of Government is considered to be the "main land" of an entity. This principle leads to some unusual results, most notably for Equatorial Guinea (the capital Malabo is on the island of Bioko, not in the larger continental section of Río Muni, which is 100 km away) and Denmark (Copenhagen is located on the island of Zealand).
  • This listing does not include any sub-national level entities, it only includes country-level fragments.
  • Some enclaves are countries in their own right, completely surrounded by another one, and therefore not exclaves.

Exclave/Enclave and country fragment classification

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Type Name Enclave Exclave Description Example
A True enclave Yes Yes Areas that are simultanously an enclave and an exclave. Llivia
B Exclave Yes An exclave but not an enclave as the exclave is not enclaved within any single country's territory. Nakhichevan
C Enclaved country Yes  – A land-locked sovereign country, completely surrounded by one other state. San Marino
D Semi-enclave As A, except the area is connected to its motherland in one single point. Jungholz
E Exclave with sea access  – Yes As A but having access to the sea. Oecussi-Ambeno
F Exclave with sea access  – Yes As B but having access to the sea. Kaliningrad
G As C but having access to the sea, and therefore neither an enclave or exclave. Gambia
H Pene-enclave  –  – Regions that are enclaves for practical reasons, without meeting the strict definition. For instance, being contiguous with the motherland in terms of territorial waters or mountains but unreachable directly by land. Note: Category H includes situations similar to category E or F but where territorial waters are contiguous. Northwest Angle
I Island enclave Yes Yes An island which is completely surrounded by alien territorial waters, and therefore an enclave and exclave. Likoma Island



List of international enclaves, exclaves and fragments

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Type Parent Bounded by Entities # Coordintes/Notes
A Belgium Netherlands Baarle-Hertog (1 additional in category D) 21 51°27′N 04°56′E / 51.450°N 4.933°E / 51.450; 4.933
A Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbia Sastavci 1 43°33′30″N 19°25′30″E / 43.5582°N 19.4249°E / 43.5582; 19.4249
A Cyprus UK's Dhekelia Sovereign Base OrmidhiaXylotymvou • Dhekelia power station (North) [1] 3
A Germany Belgium Vennbahn enclaves at Roetgen/Monschau [2] 5
A Germany Switzerland Büsingen 1 47°41′49″N 8°41′25″E / 47.69694°N 8.69028°E / 47.69694; 8.69028
A Italy Switzerland Campione d'Italia 1 45°57′N 8°58′E / 45.950°N 8.967°E / 45.950; 8.967
A Netherlands Belgium Baarle-Nassau (incl. 7 counter-enclaves) 8
A Russia Belarus Sankovo-Medvezhe [3] 1
A Spain France Llivia 1 42°27′36″N 1°58′48″E / 42.46000°N 1.98000°E / 42.46000; 1.98000
A Bangladesh India Cooch Behar enclaves (incl. 21 Counter-enclaves) 92
A India Bangladesh Cooch Behar enclaves (incl. 3 Counter-enclaves and 1 Counter-counter enclave) 106
A Armenia Azerbaijan Artchvašen (Bashkend) 1
A Armenia Azerbaijan Nagorno-Karabakh 1 De facto
A Azerbaijan Armenia Tatly (2) • BarkhudarliYukhari Askipara (Upper Askipara) • Karki[4] 5
A Kyrgistan Uzbekistan Barak ail (Barak) 1 in Ferghana Valley[5]

40°24′0″N 71°46′12″E / 40.40000°N 71.77000°E / 40.40000; 71.77000

A Tajikistan Uzbekistan Servaksoi / Servaki-bolo / Sarvan 1 in Ferghana Valley [6]


A Tajikistan Kyrgistan Vorukh, Kairagach 2 in Ferghana Valley [7]
A Uzbekistan Kyrgistan Kalacha • Sokh • Dzhangail • Shakhimardan/Iordan 4 in Ferghana Valley [8]
A Oman UAE Madha 1 25°18′0″N 56°16′00″E / 25.30000°N 56.26667°E / 25.30000; 56.26667
A UAE Oman Nahwa (Counter-enclave in Madha) 1
B Azerbaijan Armenia, Iran, Turkey Nakhichevan 1 39°20′N 45°30′E / 39.333°N 45.500°E / 39.333; 45.500
C San Marino Italy San Marino 1
C Vatican City Italy Vatican City 1 41°54′N 12°27′E / 41.900°N 12.450°E / 41.900; 12.450
C Lesotho South Africa Lesotho 1
D Austria Germany Jungholz 1 47°34′25″N 10°26′50″E / 47.57361°N 10.44722°E / 47.57361; 10.44722
D Belgium Netherlands Baarle-Hertog fragmment H12 (21 other in category A) 1 51°27′N 04°56′E / 51.450°N 4.933°E / 51.450; 4.933
E Cyprus Sea • UK's Dhekelia Sovereign Base Dhekelia power station (South) [9]Paralimni area [10] 2
E Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Sea • Cyprus Kokkina/Erenkoy 1 de facto only
E Oman Sea • UAE Ras Musandam (OM-MU) 1
E Spain Sea • Morocco Ceuta (ES-CE)Melilla (ES-ML) 2 35°53′17″N 5°18′43″E / 35.888°N 5.312°E / 35.888; 5.312
E Timor-Leste Sea • Indonesia Oecussi-Ambeno (TL-OE) 1
E USA Sea • Canada Alaska (US-AK) 1
F Equatorial Guinea Sea • GabonCameroon Rio Muni (GQ-C) 1 Considered an exclave as the capital is located on Bioko island.
F France Sea • SurinameBrazil French Guiana (GF) 1 overseas region/overseas department, integral part
F Angola Sea • D.R.CongoCongo Cabinda (AO-CAB) 1
F Russia Sea • LithuaniaPoland Kaliningrad (RU-KGD) 1
G Gambia Sea • Senegal Gambia (GM) 1
G Monaco Sea • France Monaco (MC) 1
G Brunei Sea • Malaysia Brunei (BN) 1
G Denmark Sea • Germany Denmark (DK) 1
G Qatar Sea • Saudi Arabia Qatar (QA) 1
G South Korea Sea • North Korea South Korea (KR) 1
G Portugal Sea • Spain Portugal (PT) 1
H Brunei Malaysia Temburong District (BN-TE) 1 Territorial waters are contiguous (hence not category E).
H Croatia Bosnia and HerzegovinaMontenegro southern portion of Dubrovnik-Neretva County (HR-19) south of Neum 1 Territorial waters are contiguous (hence not category E).
H Russia Estonia Dupki [11] 1
H USA Canada Point RobertsNorthwest Angle Elm PointAlburgh 1 49°23′4.1″N 95°09′12.2″W / 49.384472°N 95.153389°W / 49.384472; -95.153389
H Turkey Sea • BulgariaGreece Turkish Thrace (Turkey in Europe) 1 An exclave since the Bosporus is considered international waters.
H United Kingdom Sea • Ireland Northern Ireland (GB-NIR) 1
I Malawi Mozambique Likoma District (Chisumulu IslandLikoma Island) (MW-LK) [12] 2 Completely surrounded by Mozambiquean inland waters.
I Argentina Paraguay Isla Apipé[13] 1 Completely surrounded by Paraguayan inland waters.
I Argentina Uruguay Isla Martin Garcia[14] 1 Completely surrounded by Uraguayan waters.
I Spain Morocco The Plazas de soberanía: Peñón de AlhucemasPeñón de Vélez de la GomeraIslas Chafarinas 3



References

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  1. ^ Dhekelia power station area is divided in two by a British road, craeting one northern exclave/enclave and one southern exclave, as it has sea access.
  2. ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/vennbahn.htm
  3. ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/sankova_medvezhe.htm
  4. ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/azerbaijan.htm
  5. ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/kyrgyzstan.htm
  6. ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/tajikistan.htm
  7. ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/tajikistan.htm
  8. ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/uzbekistan.htm
  9. ^ Dhekelia power station area is divided in two by a British road, creating one northern exclave/enclave and one southern exclave, as it has sea access
  10. ^ The part of Famagusta District not controlled by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. A de facto, though not de jure, exclave.
  11. ^ http://freepages.misc.rootsweb.com/~hughwallis/Baltics/Estonia.htm
  12. ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/malawi.htm
  13. ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/apipe.htm
  14. ^ http://geosite.jankrogh.com/islandmartingarcia.htm